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Giacomo Gastaldi was an Italian cartographer,astronomer and engineer of the 16th century. Gastaldi began his career as an engineer,serving the Venetian Republic in that capacity until the fourth decade of the sixteenth century. From about 1544 he turned his attention entirely to mapmaking,and his work represents several important turning points in cartographic development.
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Counter-mapping is creating maps that challenge "dominant power structures,to further seemingly progressive goals". counter-mapping is used in multiple disciplines to reclaim colonized territory. Counter-maps are prolific in indigenous cultures,"counter-mapping may reify,reinforce,and extend settler boundaries even as it seeks to challenge dominant mapping practices;and still,counter-mapping may simultaneously create conditions of possibility for decolonial ways of repre-senting space and place". The term came into use in the United States when Nancy Peluso used it in 1995 to describe the commissioning of maps by forest users in Kalimantan,Indonesia,to contest government maps of forest areas that undermined indigenous interests. The resultant counter-hegemonic maps strengthen forest users' resource claims. There are numerous expressions closely related to counter-mapping:ethnocartography,alternative cartography,mapping-back,counter-hegemonic mapping,deep mapping and public participatory mapping. Moreover,the terms:critical cartography,subversive cartography,bio-regional mapping,and remapping are sometimes used interchangeably with counter-mapping,but in practice encompass much more.
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Emanuela Casti is an Italian geographer and a cartography theorist. Considered an innovator,she has formalized a semiotic theory for the interpretation of maps in their various forms:from historical maps to cybercartography systems. She was full professor from 2001 to 2020 at the University of Bergamo (Italy) and is currently Professor Emeritus. In 2004 Casti founded the Diathesis Cartographic Lab,a permanent laboratory devoted to territorial analysis,cartographic innovation and experimentation and,in 2019,designed and activated the interclass master's degree,in Geourbanistica. Analisi e pianificazione territoriale,urbana,ambientale e valorizzazione del paesaggio at the University of Bergamo
Menno-Jan Kraak is a Dutch cartographer and professor of Geovisual Analytics and Cartography at the Faculty of Geoinformation Sciences and Earth Observation at the University of Twente. He is known for his work in cartography and his activities in the International Cartographic Association.
A visual variable,in cartographic design,graphic design,and data visualization,is an aspect of a graphical object that can visually differentiate it from other objects,and can be controlled during the design process. The concept was first systematized by Jacques Bertin,a French cartographer and graphic designer,and published in his 1967 book,Sémiologie Graphique. Bertin identified a basic set of these variables and provided guidance for their usage;the concept and the set of variables has since been expanded,especially in cartography,where it has become a core principle of education and practice.
George Frederick Jenks (1916-1996) was an American cartographer known for his significant contributions to cartography and geographic information systems(GIS). With a career spanning over three decades,Jenks has played a vital role in advancing map-making technologies,has been instrumental in enhancing the visualization of spatial data,and played foundational roles in developing modern cartographic curricula. The Jenks natural breaks optimization,based on his work,is still widely used in the creation of thematic maps,such as choropleth maps.
References
- ↑ Izaak Walton Killam Memorial Prize
- ↑ Fraser Taylor is awarded the Carl Mannerfelt Gold Medal, International Cartographic Association Retrieved 08 June 2021.
- ↑ "Fraser Taylor Chancellor's Distinguished Research Professor of International Affairs Geography and Environmental Studies". NPSIA. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
- ↑ Fraser Taylor is awarded the Carl Mannerfelt Gold Medal, International Cartographic Association
- ↑ Taylor, D.R. Fraser; Caquard, Sebastien (2006). "Cybercartography: Maps and Mapping in the Information Era". Cartographica . 41 (1): 1–6. doi:10.3138/U631-37K3-3NL6-4136.
- ↑ Taylor, D.R. Fraser; Caquard, Sebastien (2006). "Cybercartography: Maps and Mapping in the Information Era". Cartographica. 41 (1): 1–6. doi:10.3138/U631-37K3-3NL6-4136.
- ↑ MacEachren, Alan; Taylor, D.R.F. (1994). Visualization in Modern Cartography, Volume 2 (1 ed.). Elsevier. pp. 333–343. ISBN 9781483287928 . Retrieved 20 June 2021.
- ↑ Lauriault, Tracey; Craig, Barbara; Pulsifer, Peter; Taylor, D.R. Fraser (2008). "Today's Data Are Part of Tomorrow's Research: Archival Issues in the Sciences". Archivaria. 64 (1): 123–179. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
- ↑ "CS06 - Cybercartographic Atlas of Antarctica". InterPARES 2 Project Case Studies. interpares.org. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
- ↑ Fraser Taylor is awarded the Carl Mannerfelt Gold Medal, International Cartographic Association Retrieved 08 June 2021.
- ↑ Taylor, D. R. Fraser. "Member Directory". Royal Society of Canada. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
- ↑ International Cartographic Association
- ↑ "2014 Canada Council Killam Prize Winners Announced". Killam Laureates. 9 April 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
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