Daniel (Dan) Pakosh (July 8, 1932 - July 27, 2023) is credited with designing and marketing the first bi-directional tractor [1] [2] in the world among other inventions and innovations.
The original Versatile tractor could be used to either push or pull an implement with equal power, it was marketed as being "a number of self-propelled machines in one". The Versatile "Bi-Di" model 150 was released in 1977.
The concept was an immediate success. With 4WD and a switchable operator's platform, bi-directional tractors had arrived.
Twenty years later, when Versatile was sold to Ford-New Holland, the design engineers at New Holland brought Dan Pakosh out of retirement to help them modernize the bidirectional tractor, [3] taking it forward into the next century. The result was the New Holland TV-140.
New Holland's current bi-directional tractor model is the TV6070.
Dan Pakosh was the creator of today's modern day bi-directional tractor.
A bidirectional text contains two text directionalities, right-to-left (RTL) and left-to-right (LTR). It generally involves text containing different types of alphabets, but may also refer to boustrophedon, which is changing text direction in each row.
A directional antenna or beam antenna is an antenna which radiates or receives greater radio wave power in specific directions. Directional antennas can radiate radio waves in beams, when greater concentration of radiation in a certain direction is desired, or in receiving antennas receive radio waves from one specific direction only. This can increase the power transmitted to receivers in that direction, or reduce interference from unwanted sources. This contrasts with omnidirectional antennas such as dipole antennas which radiate radio waves over a wide angle, or receive from a wide angle.
A backhoe—also called rear actor or back actor—is a type of excavating equipment, or digger, consisting of a digging bucket on the end of a two-part articulated arm. It is typically mounted on the back of a tractor or front loader, the latter forming a "backhoe loader". The section of the arm closest to the vehicle is known as the boom, while the section that carries the bucket is known as the dipper, both terms derived from steam shovels. The boom, which is the long piece of the backhoe arm attached to the tractor through a pivot called the king-post, is located closest to the cab. It allows the arm to pivot left and right, typically through a range of 180 to 200 degrees, and also enables lifting and lowering movements.
A backhoe loader, also called a loader backhoe, loader excavator, digger in layman's terms, or colloquially shortened to backhoe within the industry, is a heavy equipment vehicle that consists of a tractor-like unit fitted with a loader-style shovel/bucket on the front and a backhoe on the back. Due to its (relatively) small size and versatility, backhoe loaders are very common in urban engineering and small construction projects as well as developing countries. This type of machine is similar to and derived from what is now known as a TLB (Tractor-Loader-Backhoe), which is to say, an agricultural tractor fitted with a front loader and rear backhoe attachment.
Versatile is a Canadian agricultural machinery manufacturer. The company was founded in 1963 by Peter Pakosh and Roy Robinson in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. At one time it had 70% of the 4WD tractor market.
Rostselmash is a Russian agricultural equipment company, based in Rostov-on-Don. Founded in 1929, it primarily produces combine harvesters. The company income in 2005 was around 400 million dollars. The company name is a syllabic abbreviation of Rostovskiy zavod sel'skokhozyaystvennykh mashin, the Rostov factory for agricultural machines.
Bidirectional search is a graph search algorithm that finds a shortest path from an initial vertex to a goal vertex in a directed graph. It runs two simultaneous searches: one forward from the initial state, and one backward from the goal, stopping when the two meet. The reason for this approach is that in many cases it is faster: for instance, in a simplified model of search problem complexity in which both searches expand a tree with branching factor b, and the distance from start to goal is d, each of the two searches has complexity O(bd/2) (in Big O notation), and the sum of these two search times is much less than the O(bd) complexity that would result from a single search from the beginning to the goal.
The Ford N-series tractors were a line of farm tractors produced by Ford between 1939 and 1952, spanning the 9N, 2N, and 8N models.
New Holland is a global full-line agricultural machinery manufacturer. Founded in 1895 by an American company, today it is an Italian brand. New Holland agricultural products include tractors, combine harvesters, balers, forage harvesters, self-propelled sprayers, haying tools, seeding equipment, hobby tractors, utility vehicles and implements, and grape harvesters.
Directional-hemispherical reflectance is the reflectance of a surface under direct illumination. Directional-hemispherical reflectance is the integral of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function over all viewing directions. It is sometimes called "black-sky albedo".
The Škoda 10 T, or Skoda 10T, the latter being the common English-language form, is a three-carbody-section low-floor bi-directional tram, developed by Škoda Transportation. It was in production from 2000 to 2002.
The right-to-left mark (RLM) is a non-printing character used in the computerized typesetting of bi-directional text containing a mix of left-to-right scripts and right-to-left scripts.
Gachibowli is a suburb of Hyderabad, Telangana, India, located in the Serilingampally mandal of the Rangareddy district. It is situated about 5 km away from HITEC City, another IT hub. Gachibowli is home to numerous tech companies and residential units. It has a vast area and is dotted with rocky surface and hillocks all around.
In transportation infrastructure, a bidirectional traffic system divides travellers into two streams of traffic that flow in opposite directions.
Fiat Trattori S.p.A. was a Fiat group company founded in 1919, and was a constructor of agricultural equipment, tractors in particular. Over its decades of history, it established itself as Italy's leading constructor and one of the biggest in Europe; in 1991, it took over Ford-New Holland and adopted its name to increase its status on the world markets. In 1999, New Holland acquired Case Corporation to create CNH Global, in which Fiat Industrial was the majority shareholder until the two firms merged to create CNH Industrial in 2013.
The South African Railways Dutton road-rail tractors of 1923 were road-rail steam tractors.
Static load testing is an in situ type of load testing used in geotechnical investigation to determine the bearing capacity of deep foundations prior to the construction of a building. It differs from the statnamic load test and dynamic load testing in that the pressure applied to the pile is slower. Static load testings are performed in order to measure a design's axial tension or axial compression. It can also be used to measure its deflected shape under lateral load
In digital electronics, a level shifter, also called level converter or logic level shifter, or voltage level translator, is a circuit used to translate signals from one logic level or voltage domain to another, allowing compatibility between integrated circuits with different voltage requirements, such as TTL and CMOS. Modern systems use level shifters to bridge domains between processors, logic, sensors, and other circuits. In recent years, the three most common logic levels have been 1.8V, 3.3V, and 5V, though levels above and below these voltages are also used.
The Arabic letter mark (ALM) is a non-printing character used in the computerized typesetting of bi-directional text containing mixed left-to-right scripts and right-to-left scripts.