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Daniel Wayne Hardy (November 9, 1930 - November 15, 2007) was an ordained Anglican priest or presbyter. He taught theology at universities in the US and England.
His first post was at Christ Episcopal Church, Greenwich, Connecticut where he worked with young people. He began by engaging with what mattered and was significant to them, and then trusting, discerning, and helping them to recognize the source and energy of life (God's Spirit) already at work within their lives and making deep connections with the truth of the Gospel. The group began to thrive in a short space of time. The curacy culminated in helping to design the new daughter church of St. Barnabas.
It was at this time that he met and married his wife, Perrin. They went on to have four children. [1]
He returned to General Theological Seminary as a fellow and tutor for two years.
In 1960 the family moved to England and Hardy studied at Oxford University. At that time he found a type of theology which he believed was too influenced by positivist philosophy and rarely confident enough to explore the depths and wonders of God and God's ways with the world.
After completing his study at Oxford, he stayed in England and taught at the University of Birmingham for 21 years. During this time he also worked on a theology that might give dedicated attention both to the intensity of God and to the way the world is, especially as described, interpreted, and explained by theologians, philosophers, and scientists since the sixteenth century. For several hours each week, he maintained intensive conversations with the colleague who later became his son-in-law, David F. Ford.
In 1986 he became Van Mildert Professor of Divinity in Durham University He also became a canon in Durham Cathedral leading to a combination of daily worship and academic work. During those years, he dedicated himself to a multifaceted involvement in ecclesiology that remained at the forefront of his thinking.
In 1987 he supervised the production of the Church of England’s ‘’Education for the Church’s Ministry’’ paper which released CoE institutions of theological learning from central control.
Hardy was also involved in the creation of the Simon of Cyrene Theological Institute. [2]
In 1990, he returned to the US and became Director of the Princeton Center of Theological Inquiry for five years. Much of his time there was spent working closely with individual members from many disciplines, countries and faiths. Hardy, Ochs and David F. Ford (representing the University of Cambridge) spent much time working together with others developing the practice of Scriptural Reasoning, the shared study of scriptures by Jews, Christians, and Muslims. [3]
Hardy returned to England in 1995, to an active retirement based in the Faculty of Divinity at the University of Cambridge. [4] His involvement in the 1998 Lambeth Conferences and participation in some of the Primates' meetings made him look for a reconciliatory imagination and practice centered on scripture and nurturing a deeper and richer sociality, touching healingly the depths of each person.
In October 2007, he received an honorary doctorate recognizing him for his life work from the General Theological Seminary.
Peter Ochs described Hardy as “a pastor's pastor - seeing light in the other, light as attractiveness in and with the other. He is a pastor of others within the Eucharist; within the Anglican Communion, a pastor on behalf of Abrahamic communions and to human communities more generally.... all of whom he sees lit up by (the) divine attractiveness itself.... the great cosmic and ecclesial and divine communion of lights which draws him to it and us and draws us to be near him.”
His vocation attempted to engage more deeply with life in all its particularity, tracing the Bible's prophetic wisdom to its source in the divine intensity of God’s love and working to share that love through the church to the whole world, particularly in the Eucharist: light and love together.
Much of his inspiration for his work came from the theologian and poet, Samuel Taylor Coleridge. He recognized that Coleridge engaged deeply with God and most aspects of God's creation - intellectually, imaginatively, practically, spiritually, emotionally, and through much personal suffering. Above all Coleridge responded in all those ways to the attraction of the divine. He saw the Holy Spirit endlessly present, active, and innovative, lifting the world from within, raising it into its future - giving humankind immense in God and God's future, drawing people towards God with divine love into new and unimaginable levels of life.
On November 15, 2007, Hardy died from a glioblastoma .
Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition that has developed from the practices, liturgy, and identity of the Church of England following the English Reformation, in the context of the Protestant Reformation in Europe. It is one of the largest branches of Christianity, with around 110 million adherents worldwide as of 2001.
The Eucharist, also known as Holy Communion and the Lord's Supper, is a Christian rite that is considered a sacrament in most churches, and as an ordinance in others. Christians believe that the rite was instituted by Jesus at the Last Supper, the night before his crucifixion, giving his disciples bread and wine. Passages in the New Testament state that he commanded them to "do this in memory of me" while referring to the bread as "my body" and the cup of wine as "the blood of my covenant, which is poured out for many". According to the Synoptic Gospels this was at a Passover meal.
Mass is the main Eucharistic liturgical service in many forms of Western Christianity. The term Mass is commonly used in the Catholic Church, Western Rite Orthodoxy, Old Catholicism, and Independent Catholicism. The term is also used in some Lutheran churches, as well as in some Anglican churches, and on rare occasion by other Protestant churches.
Anglo-Catholicism comprises beliefs and practices that emphasise the catholic heritage and identity of the various Anglican churches.
The real presence of Christ in the Eucharist is the Christian doctrine that Jesus Christ is present in the Eucharist, not merely symbolically or metaphorically, but in a true, real and substantial way.
Christian liturgy is a pattern for worship used by a Christian congregation or denomination on a regular basis. The term liturgy comes from Greek and means "public work". Within Christianity, liturgies descending from the same region, denomination, or culture are described as ritual families.
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Eucharistic theology is a branch of Christian theology which treats doctrines concerning the Holy Eucharist, also commonly known as the Lord's Supper. It exists exclusively in Christianity and related religions, as others generally do not contain a Eucharistic ceremony.
Geoffrey Wainwright was an English theologian. He spent much of his career in the United States and taught at Duke Divinity School. Wainwright made major contributions to modern Methodist theology and Christian liturgy, and played a significant role on producing the text Baptism, Eucharist and Ministry, as a member of the Faith and Order Commission of the World Council of Churches (WCC).
Anglican eucharistic theology is diverse in practice, reflecting the comprehensiveness of Anglicanism. Its sources include prayer book rubrics, writings on sacramental theology by Anglican divines, and the regulations and orientations of ecclesiastical provinces. The principal source material is the Book of Common Prayer, specifically its eucharistic prayers and Article XXVIII of the Thirty-Nine Articles. Article XXVIII comprises the foundational Anglican doctrinal statement about the Eucharist, although its interpretation varies among churches of the Anglican Communion and in different traditions of churchmanship such as Anglo-Catholicism and Evangelical Anglicanism.
The Divine Service is a title given to the Eucharistic liturgy as used in the various Lutheran churches. It has its roots in the Pre-Tridentine Mass as revised by Martin Luther in his Formula missae of 1523 and his Deutsche Messe of 1526. It was further developed through the Kirchenordnungen of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries that followed in Luther's tradition.
Anglican doctrine is the body of Christian teachings used to guide the religious and moral practices of Anglicans.
John Macquarrie (1919–2007) was a Scottish-born theologian, philosopher and Anglican priest. He was the author of Principles of Christian Theology (1966) and Jesus Christ in Modern Thought (1991). Timothy Bradshaw, writing in the Handbook of Anglican Theologians, described Macquarrie as "unquestionably Anglicanism's most distinguished systematic theologian in the second half of the 20th century."
David Frank Ford is an Anglican public theologian. He was the Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Cambridge, beginning in 1991. He is now an Emeritus Regius Professor of Divinity. His research interests include political theology, ecumenical theology, Christian theologians and theologies, theology and poetry, the shaping of universities and of the field of theology and religious studies within universities, hermeneutics, and interfaith theology and relations. He is the founding director of the Cambridge Inter-Faith Programme and a co-founder of the Society for Scriptural Reasoning.
Receptionism is a form of Anglican eucharistic theology which teaches that during the Eucharist the bread and wine remain unchanged after the consecration, but when communicants receive the bread and wine, they also receive the body and blood of Christ by faith. It was a common view among Anglicans in the 16th and 17th centuries, and prominent theologians who subscribed to this doctrine were Thomas Cranmer and Richard Hooker.
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Paul David Loup Avis is an English Anglican priest, theologian, and ecumenist. He was General Secretary of the Church of England's Council for Christian Unity from 1998 to 2011, theological consultant to the Anglican Communion Office, London, from 2011 to 2012, and Canon Theologian of Exeter Cathedral from 2008 to 2013. He was honorary professor in the Department of Theology and Religion at Durham University 2017-2021 and Honorary Professor in the School of Divinity, University of Edinburgh 2022-. At the University of Exeter he was visiting professor of theology from 2009 to 2017 and is currently honorary research fellow. He is Director of the Centre for the Study of the Christian Church which organises occasional conferences and is linked to the journal Ecclesiology, published by Brill, of which he is Editor-in-Chief. He is the editor of the series Anglican-Episcopal Theology and History, also published by Brill. Avis was also a chaplain to Queen Elizabeth II, 2008–2017.
Spiritual communion is a Christian practice of desiring union with Jesus Christ in the Eucharist. It is used as a preparation for Mass and by individuals who cannot receive holy communion.
Protestant liturgy or Evangelical liturgy is a pattern for worship used by a Protestant congregation or denomination on a regular basis. The term liturgy comes from Greek and means "public work". Liturgy is especially important in the Historical Protestant churches, both mainline and evangelical, while Baptist, Pentecostal, and nondenominational churches tend to be very flexible and in some cases have no liturgy at all. It often but not exclusively occurs on Sunday.
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