Daniele Cherniak

Last updated

Daniele Jean Cherniak
BornOctober 24, 1961 [1]
Alma materUniversity at Albany, State University of New York
Scientific career
InstitutionsRensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Thesis A particle accelerator based study of major and trace element diffusion in minerals  (1990)

Daniele Cherniak is an American geochemist known for her work on using particle beams for geochemical analysis on small scales. She was elected a fellow of the American Geophysical Union in 2021.

Contents

Education and career

Cherniak grew up in Cohoes, New York and went to Keveny Memorial Academy. [2] In 1983, Cherniak received her undergraduate degree from Union College [3] and went on to earn her Ph.D. in physics at the University at Albany, SUNY in 1990. [4] As of 2021, she is a research professor at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute [5] and works at the Ion Beam Lab at the University at Albany. [6]

Research

Cherniak is known for her research on rock-forming minerals, specifically on atomic diffusion in these minerals. [7] She established the use of ion implantation to place lead into minerals followed by the use of Rutherford backscattering spectrometry to obtain diffusion profiles, which she first applied to measurements in apatite and zircon, [8] and has subsequently applied to other minerals. [9] [10] She has also examined the diffusion of rare-earth elements, [11] tetravalent cations, [12] and oxygen [13] into zircon. Her work on argon [14] showed that the degassing of Earth is slower than expected. [15] Much of her work is collaborative projects with E. Bruce Watson. [16] In 2020, she began a project working with scientists Union College on a study of radioactive decay which will improve both disposal of nuclear waste and increase precision of dating material that is billions of years old. [17]

Selected publications

Awards and honors

Personal life

Cherniak started running cross country while in high school [2] and continued to run while at Union College. [3] Cherniak runs in ultramarathons [2] and has earned team bronze medals in 1998 [3] [21] and 2000 [22] [23] in the IAU 100 km World Championships. Her local running club, Hudson Mohawk Road Runners Club, [24] elected her to their hall of fame for her running accomplishments, [25] the first woman to receive this honor. [26]

Cherniak also volunteers for the Spindle City Historic Society [27] in Cohoes, New York and has been recognized for her work in historic preservation in the area, especially in the restoration of parts of the Erie Canal. [28] [29]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Biotite</span> Group of phyllosilicate minerals within the mica group

Biotite is a common group of phyllosilicate minerals within the mica group, with the approximate chemical formula K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(F,OH)2. It is primarily a solid-solution series between the iron-endmember annite, and the magnesium-endmember phlogopite; more aluminous end-members include siderophyllite and eastonite. Biotite was regarded as a mineral species by the International Mineralogical Association until 1998, when its status was changed to a mineral group. The term biotite is still used to describe unanalysed dark micas in the field. Biotite was named by J.F.L. Hausmann in 1847 in honor of the French physicist Jean-Baptiste Biot, who performed early research into the many optical properties of mica.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zircon</span> Zirconium silicate, a mineral belonging to the group of nesosilicates

Zircon is a mineral belonging to the group of nesosilicates and is a source of the metal zirconium. Its chemical name is zirconium(IV) silicate, and its corresponding chemical formula is ZrSiO4. An empirical formula showing some of the range of substitution in zircon is (Zr1–y, REEy)(SiO4)1–x(OH)4x–y. Zircon precipitates from silicate melts and has relatively high concentrations of high field strength incompatible elements. For example, hafnium is almost always present in quantities ranging from 1 to 4%. The crystal structure of zircon is tetragonal crystal system. The natural color of zircon varies between colorless, yellow-golden, red, brown, blue, and green.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Apatite</span> Mineral group, calcium phosphate

Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals, usually hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite and chlorapatite, with high concentrations of OH−, F− and Cl− ion, respectively, in the crystal. The formula of the admixture of the three most common endmembers is written as Ca10(PO4)6(OH,F,Cl)2, and the crystal unit cell formulae of the individual minerals are written as Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, Ca10(PO4)6F2 and Ca10(PO4)6Cl2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Magnesite</span> Type of mineral

Magnesite is a mineral with the chemical formula MgCO
3. Iron, manganese, cobalt, and nickel may occur as admixtures, but only in small amounts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe</span>

The sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe is a large-diameter, double-focusing secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS) sector instrument that was produced by Australian Scientific Instruments in Canberra, Australia and now has been taken over by Chinese company Dunyi Technology Development Co. (DTDC) in Beijing. Similar to the IMS 1270-1280-1300 large-geometry ion microprobes produced by CAMECA, Gennevilliers, France and like other SIMS instruments, the SHRIMP microprobe bombards a sample under vacuum with a beam of primary ions that sputters secondary ions that are focused, filtered, and measured according to their energy and mass.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Birnessite</span> Manganese hydroxide mineral

Birnessite (nominally MnO2·nH2O), also known as δ-MnO2, is a hydrous manganese dioxide mineral with a chemical formula of Na0.7Ca0.3Mn7O14·2.8H2O. It is the main manganese mineral species at the Earth's surface, and commonly occurs as fine-grained, poorly crystallized aggregates in soils, sediments, grain and rock coatings (e.g., desert varnish), and marine ferromanganese nodules and crusts. It was discovered at Birness, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Compatibility (geochemistry)</span> Partitioning of elements in a mineral

Compatibility is a term used by geochemists to describe how elements partition themselves in the solid and melt within Earth's mantle. In geochemistry, compatibility is a measure of how readily a particular trace element substitutes for a major element within a mineral.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lunar magma ocean</span> Theorized historical geological layer on the Moon

The Lunar Magma Ocean (LMO) is the layer of molten rock that is theorized to have been present on the surface of the Moon. The Lunar Magma Ocean was likely present on the Moon from the time of the Moon's formation to tens or hundreds of millions of years after that time. It is a thermodynamic consequence of the Moon's relatively rapid formation in the aftermath of a giant impact between the proto-Earth and another planetary body. As the Moon accreted from the debris from the giant impact, gravitational potential energy was converted to thermal energy. Due to the rapid accretion of the Moon, thermal energy was trapped since it did not have sufficient time to thermally radiate away energy through the lunar surface. The subsequent thermochemical evolution of the Lunar Magma Ocean explains the Moon's largely anorthositic crust, europium anomaly, and KREEP material.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monohydrocalcite</span>

Monohydrocalcite is a mineral that is a hydrous form of calcium carbonate, CaCO3·H2O. It was formerly also known by the name hydrocalcite, which is now discredited by the IMA. It is a trigonal mineral which is white when pure. Monohydrocalcite is not a common rock-forming mineral, but is frequently associated with other calcium and magnesium carbonate minerals, such as calcite, aragonite, lansfordite, and nesquehonite.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mackinawite</span> Iron nickel sulfide mineral

Mackinawite is an iron nickel sulfide mineral with the chemical formula (Fe,Ni)
1+xS. The mineral crystallizes in the tetragonal crystal system and has been described as a distorted, close packed, cubic array of S atoms with some of the gaps filled with Fe. Mackinawite occurs as opaque bronze to grey-white tabular crystals and anhedral masses. It has a Mohs hardness of 2.5 and a specific gravity of 4.17. It was first described in 1962 for an occurrence in the Mackinaw mine, Snohomish County, Washington for which it was named.

Helium dating may refer to the traditional uranium–thorium dating or to a variety of He diffusion methods that utilize the mobility of He atoms to determine the thermal history of a rock. Helium diffusion experiments are often used to help interpret information retrieved from U–Th/He thermochronometric experiments. Kinematic parameters derived from He diffusion is done through estimating He diffusion over a range of temperatures. The use of density functional theory helps in estimating energy barriers for He to overcome as it diffuses across various crystallographic directions. Discrepancies, however, between observed and predicted He diffusion rates is still a problem and likely stem from unresolved problems in crystal defects and radiation damage in natural grains as opposed to theoretical grains. Depending on the mineral analyzed there are different assumptions to be made on He mobility. For example, He diffusion in minerals such as zircon, rutile, and monazite have been shown to be strongly anisotropic.

Aqueous geochemistry studies the role of various elements in natural waters, including copper, sulfur, and mercury. Researchers in this field also study how elemental fluxes are exchanged through interactions between the atmosphere, the earth or soil and bodies of water.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Titanium in zircon geothermometry</span>

Titanium in zircon geothermometry is a form of a geothermometry technique by which the crystallization temperature of a zircon crystal can be estimated by the amount of titanium atoms which can only be found in the crystal lattice. In zircon crystals, titanium is commonly incorporated, replacing similarly charged zirconium and silicon atoms. This process is relatively unaffected by pressure and highly temperature dependent, with the amount of titanium incorporated rising exponentially with temperature, making this an accurate geothermometry method. This measurement of titanium in zircons can be used to estimate the cooling temperatures of the crystal and infer conditions during which it crystallized. Compositional changes in the crystals growth rings can be used to estimate the thermodynamic history of the entire crystal. This method is useful as it can be combined with radiometric dating techniques that are commonly used with zircon crystals, to correlate quantitative temperature measurements with specific absolute ages. This technique can be used to estimate early Earth conditions, determine metamorphic facies, or to determine the source of detrital zircons, among other uses.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Detrital zircon geochronology</span> Science of analyzing the age of zircons

Detrital zircon geochronology is the science of analyzing the age of zircons deposited within a specific sedimentary unit by examining their inherent radioisotopes, most commonly the uranium–lead ratio. Zircon is a common accessory or trace mineral constituent of most granite and felsic igneous rocks. Due to its hardness, durability and chemical inertness, zircon persists in sedimentary deposits and is a common constituent of most sands. Zircons contain trace amounts of uranium and thorium and can be dated using several modern analytical techniques.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hadean zircon</span> Oldest-surviving crustal material from the Earths earliest geological time period

Hadean zircon is the oldest-surviving crustal material from the Earth's earliest geological time period, the Hadean eon, about 4 billion years ago. Zircon is a mineral that is commonly used for radiometric dating because it is highly resistant to chemical changes and appears in the form of small crystals or grains in most igneous and metamorphic host rocks.

Carbonate-associated sulfates (CAS) are sulfate species found in association with carbonate minerals, either as inclusions, adsorbed phases, or in distorted sites within the carbonate mineral lattice. It is derived primarily from dissolved sulfate in the solution from which the carbonate precipitates. In the ocean, the source of this sulfate is a combination of riverine and atmospheric inputs, as well as the products of marine hydrothermal reactions and biomass remineralisation. CAS is a common component of most carbonate rocks, having concentrations in the parts per thousand within biogenic carbonates and parts per million within abiogenic carbonates. Through its abundance and sulfur isotope composition, it provides a valuable record of the global sulfur cycle across time and space.

CM chondrites are a group of chondritic meteorites which resemble their type specimen, the Mighei meteorite. The CM is the most commonly recovered group of the 'carbonaceous chondrite' class of meteorites, though all are rarer in collections than ordinary chondrites.

Sulfur isotope biogeochemistry is the study of the distribution of sulfur isotopes in biological and geological materials. In addition to its common isotope, 32S, sulfur has three rare stable isotopes: 34S, 36S, and 33S. The distribution of these isotopes in the environment is controlled by many biochemical and physical processes, including biological metabolisms, mineral formation processes, and atmospheric chemistry. Measuring the abundance of sulfur stable isotopes in natural materials, like bacterial cultures, minerals, or seawater, can reveal information about these processes both in the modern environment and over Earth history.

Susan Humphris is a geologist known for her research on processes at mid-ocean ridges. She is an elected fellow of the American Geophysical Union.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Silicon isotope biogeochemistry</span> The study of environmental processes using the relative abundance of Si isotopes

Silicon isotope biogeochemistry is the study of environmental processes using the relative abundance of Si isotopes. As the relative abundance of Si stable isotopes varies among different natural materials, the differences in abundance can be used to trace the source of Si, and to study biological, geological, and chemical processes. The study of stable isotope biogeochemistry of Si aims to quantify the different Si fluxes in the global biogeochemical silicon cycle, to understand the role of biogenic silica within the global Si cycle, and to investigate the applications and limitations of the sedimentary Si record as an environmental and palaeoceanographic proxy.

References

  1. ↑ "Daniele CHERNIAK | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 Kurp, Patrick (April 28, 1996). RPI physicist goes ultra when it comes to running. The Daily Gazette.
  3. 1 2 3 "Just keep running and running". Union College News Archives. January 1, 1999. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
  4. ↑ Cherniak, Daniele J (1990). A particle accelerator based study of major and trace element diffusion in minerals (Thesis).
  5. ↑ "collaborators". homepages.rpi.edu. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  6. ↑ "Ion Beam Lab – People". www.albany.edu. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  7. ↑ "Daniele Cherniak Honored With 2021 Walt Westman Award | News & Events". news.rpi.edu. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
  8. ↑ Cherniak, D.J; Lanford, W.A; Ryerson, F.J (1991). "Lead diffusion in apatite and zircon using ion implantation and Rutherford Backscattering techniques". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 55 (6): 1663–1673. Bibcode:1991GeCoA..55.1663C. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(91)90137-T.
  9. ↑ Cherniak, D.J; Ryerson, F.J (1993). "A study of strontium diffusion in apatite using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and ion implantation". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 57 (19): 4653–4662. Bibcode:1993GeCoA..57.4653C. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(93)90190-8.
  10. ↑ Cherniak, D.J. (1993). "Lead diffusion in titanite and preliminary results on the effects of radiation damage on Pb transport". Chemical Geology. 110 (1–3): 177–194. Bibcode:1993ChGeo.110..177C. doi:10.1016/0009-2541(93)90253-F.
  11. ↑ Cherniak, D.J.; Hanchar, J.M.; Watson, E.B. (1997). "Rare-earth diffusion in zircon". Chemical Geology. 134 (4): 289–301. Bibcode:1997ChGeo.134..289C. doi:10.1016/S0009-2541(96)00098-8.
  12. ↑ Cherniak, D. J.; Hanchar, J. M.; Watson, E. B. (May 28, 1997). "Diffusion of tetravalent cations in zircon". Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 127 (4): 383–390. Bibcode:1997CoMP..127..383C. doi:10.1007/s004100050287. ISSN   0010-7999. S2CID   96293255.
  13. ↑ Watson, E; Cherniak, D (1997). "Oxygen diffusion in zircon". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 148 (3–4): 527–544. Bibcode:1997E&PSL.148..527W. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(97)00057-5.
  14. ↑ Watson, E. Bruce; Thomas, Jay B.; Cherniak, Daniele J. (2007). "40Ar retention in the terrestrial planets". Nature. 449 (7160): 299–304. Bibcode:2007Natur.449..299W. doi:10.1038/nature06144. ISSN   0028-0836. PMID   17882213.
  15. ↑ "Argon Provides Atmospheric Clues". www.terradaily.com. September 24, 2007. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  16. ↑ Watson, E. Bruce (April 1, 2019). "Acceptance of the 2018 Roebling Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America". American Mineralogist. 104 (4): 621–622. Bibcode:2019AmMin.104..621W. doi:10.2138/am-2019-AP10443. ISSN   0003-004X. S2CID   132248194.
  17. ↑ "Union professor leads research that could help improve nuclear waste disposal | The Daily Gazette". dailygazette.com. March 1, 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
  18. ↑ "Geochemistry Fellows | Geochemical Society". www.geochemsoc.org. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
  19. ↑ "2021 Class of AGU Fellows Announced". Eos. September 28, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
  20. ↑ "Announcing 2021 Recognition Award Winners Ott, Díaz-Fañas, Romano, and Cherniak – NOGLSTP is Out to Innovate" . Retrieved October 3, 2021.
  21. ↑ The Sunday Gazette. The Sunday Gazette. November 5, 1998.
  22. ↑ "2000 IAU World Challenge 100 km". www.americanultra.org. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  23. ↑ The Daily Gazette. The Daily Gazette. September 1, 2001.
  24. ↑ "Meet Our Runners :: Hudson-Mohawk Road Runners Club". www.hmrrc.com. March 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
  25. ↑ "Current Hall of Fame members" (PDF).
  26. ↑ "Daniele Cherniak: New Editorial Assistant for The Pace Setter :: Hudson-Mohawk Road Runners Club". www.hmrrc.com. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
  27. ↑ "Spindle City Newsletter" (PDF). April 2014. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
  28. ↑ "Cohoes to participate in state's Heritage Weekend". Saratogian. May 18, 2012. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  29. ↑ "Cohoes digs for a glorious past". Times Union. June 20, 2011. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
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