Ulrich Friedrich-Wilhelm Joachim von Ribbentrop was a German politician and diplomat who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Nazi Germany from 1938 to 1945.
The Munich Agreement was an agreement reached in Munich on 30 September 1938,by Nazi Germany,the United Kingdom,the French Republic,and Fascist Italy. The agreement provided for the German annexation of part of Czechoslovakia called the Sudetenland,where more than three million people,mainly ethnic Germans,lived. The pact is also known in some areas as the Munich Betrayal,because of a previous 1924 alliance agreement and a 1925 military pact between France and the Czechoslovak Republic.
Geoffrey William Hoon is a British Labour Party politician who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Ashfield in Nottinghamshire from 1992 to 2010. He is a former Defence Secretary,Transport Secretary,Leader of the House of Commons and Government Chief Whip.
Opposition to the Iraq War significantly occurred worldwide,both before and during the initial 2003 invasion of Iraq by a United States–led coalition,and throughout the subsequent occupation. Individuals and groups opposing the war include the governments of many nations which did not take part in the invasion,including both its land neighbors Canada and Mexico,its NATO allies in Europe such as France and Germany,as well as China and Indonesia in Asia,and significant sections of the populace in those that took part in the invasion. Opposition to the war was also widespread domestically.
Ryan Clark Crocker is a retired American diplomat who served as a career ambassador within the United States Foreign Service. A recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom,he served as United States ambassador to Afghanistan (2011–2012),Iraq (2007–2009),Pakistan (2004–2007),Syria (1998–2001),Kuwait (1994–1997),and Lebanon (1990–1993). In January 2010,he became dean of Texas A&M University's George Bush School of Government and Public Service.
David Christopher Kelly was a Welsh scientist and authority on biological warfare (BW). A former head of the Defence Microbiology Division working at Porton Down,Kelly was part of a joint US-UK team that inspected civilian biotechnology facilities in Russia in the early 1990s and concluded they were running a covert and illegal BW programme. He was appointed to the United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM) in 1991 as one of its chief weapons inspectors in Iraq and led ten of the organisation's missions between May 1991 and December 1998. He also worked with UNSCOM's successor,the United Nations Monitoring,Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC) and led several of their missions into Iraq. During his time with UNMOVIC he was key in uncovering the anthrax production programme at the Salman Pak facility,and a BW programme run at Al Hakum.
Iraq's Weapons of Mass Destruction:The Assessment of the British Government,also known as the September Dossier,was a document published by the British government on 24 September 2002. Parliament was recalled on the same day to discuss the contents of the document. The paper was part of an ongoing investigation by the government into weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in Iraq,which ultimately led to the invasion of Iraq six months later. It contained a number of allegations according to which Iraq also possessed WMD,including chemical weapons and biological weapons. The dossier even alleged that Iraq had reconstituted its nuclear weapons programme.
The Hutton Inquiry was a 2003 judicial inquiry in the UK chaired by Lord Hutton,who was appointed by the Labour government to investigate the controversial circumstances surrounding the death of David Kelly,a biological warfare expert and former UN weapons inspector in Iraq.
Jakob Gijsbert "Jaap" de Hoop Scheffer is a Dutch retired politician,jurist and diplomat who served as the eleventh Secretary General of NATO from January 2004 to August 2009. A member of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA),which he led from March 1997 to October 2001,he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from July 2002 until December 2003 under Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende.
Western betrayal is the view that the United Kingdom,France and the United States failed to meet their legal,diplomatic,military and moral obligations to the Czechoslovakians and Poles before,during and after World War II. It also sometimes refers to the treatment of other Central and Eastern European states by those three nations.
Joseph Charles Wilson IV was an American diplomat who was best known for his 2002 trip to Niger to investigate allegations that Saddam Hussein was attempting to purchase yellowcake uranium;his New York Times op-ed piece,"What I Didn't Find in Africa";and the subsequent leaking by the Bush/Cheney administration of information pertaining to the identity of his wife Valerie Plame as a CIA officer. He also served as the CEO of a consulting firm he founded,JC Wilson International Ventures,and as the vice chairman of Jarch Capital,LLC.
The Niger uranium forgeries were forged documents initially released in 2001 by SISMI,which seem to depict an attempt made by Saddam Hussein in Iraq to purchase yellowcake uranium powder from Niger during the Iraq disarmament crisis. On the basis of these documents and other indicators,the governments of the United States and the United Kingdom asserted that Iraq violated United Nations sanctions against Iraq by attempting to procure nuclear material for the purpose of creating weapons of mass destruction.
Robert Dean Blackwill is a retired American diplomat,author,senior fellow at the Council of Foreign Relations,and lobbyist. Blackwill served as the United States Ambassador to India under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2003 and as United States National Security Council Deputy for Iraq from 2003 to 2004,where he was a liaison between Paul Bremer and Condoleezza Rice.
During the lead-up to the Iraq War,the United States had alleged that Iraq owned bioreactors,and other processing equipment to manufacture and process biological weapons that can be moved from location to location either by train or vehicle. Subsequent investigations failed to find any evidence of Iraq having access to a mobile weapons lab.
The Multi-National Force –Iraq (MNF–I),often referred to as the Coalition forces,was a U.S.-led military command during the Iraq War from 2004 to 2009.
Sir Dominic Anthony Gerard Asquith is a British career diplomat and former Ambassador to Iraq,Egypt,and Libya. He was First Secretary at the British Embassy in Washington DC. He was most recently the British High Commissioner to the Republic of India.
The Iraq Inquiry was a British public inquiry into the nation's role in the Iraq War. The inquiry was announced in 2009 by Prime Minister Gordon Brown and published in 2016 with a public statement by Chilcot.
The diplomatic history of World War II includes the major foreign policies and interactions inside the opposing coalitions,the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers,between 1939 and 1945.
