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Drowning is a type of suffocation induced by the submersion of the mouth and nose in a liquid. Most instances of fatal drowning occur alone or in situations where others present are either unaware of the victim's situation or unable to offer assistance. After successful resuscitation,drowning victims may experience breathing problems,vomiting,confusion,or unconsciousness. Occasionally,victims may not begin experiencing these symptoms until several hours after they are rescued. An incident of drowning can also cause further complications for victims due to low body temperature,aspiration of vomit,or acute respiratory distress syndrome.
An occupational injury is bodily damage resulting from working. The most common organs involved are the spine,hands,the head,lungs,eyes,skeleton,and skin. Occupational injuries can result from exposure to occupational hazards,such as temperature,noise,insect or animal bites,blood-borne pathogens,aerosols,hazardous chemicals,radiation,and occupational burnout.
A bicycle helmet is a type of helmet designed to attenuate impacts to the head of a cyclist in falls while minimizing side effects such as interference with peripheral vision. There is ongoing scientific research into the degree of protection offered by bicycle helmets in the event of an accident,and the effects of helmet wearing on cyclist and motor vehicle driver behaviour.
The National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act was enacted in the United States in 1966 to empower the federal government to set and administer new safety standards for motor vehicles and road traffic safety. The Act was the first mandatory federal safety standards for motor vehicles. The Act created the National Highway Safety Bureau. The Act was one of a number of initiatives by the government in response to increasing number of cars and associated fatalities and injuries on the road following a period when the number of people killed on the road had increased 6-fold and the number of vehicles was up 11-fold since 1925. The reduction of the rate of death attributable to motor-vehicle crashes in the United States represents the successful public health response to a great technologic advance of the 20th century—the motorization of America.
George Wilson Albee was a pioneer in clinical psychology,who believed societal factors such as unemployment,racism,sexism,and all the myriad forms of exploitation of people by people were the major cause of mental illness. He was one of the leading figures in the development of community psychology. Albee was an advocate for coping with adversity,strengthening individual resources,and social change.
Injury prevention is an effort to prevent or reduce the severity of bodily injuries caused by external mechanisms,such as accidents,before they occur. Injury prevention is a component of safety and public health,and its goal is to improve the health of the population by preventing injuries and hence improving quality of life. Among laypersons,the term "accidental injury" is often used. However,"accidental" implies the causes of injuries are random in nature. Researchers prefer the term "unintentional injury" to refer to injuries that are nonvolitional but often preventable. Data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control show that unintentional injuries are a significant public health concern:they are by far the leading cause of death from ages 1 through 44. During these years,unintentional injuries account for more deaths than the next three leading causes of death combined. Unintentional injuries also account for the top ten sources of nonfatal emergency room visits for persons up to age 9 and nine of the top ten sources of nonfatal emergency room visits for persons over the age of 9.
SafetyLit is a bibliographic database and online update of recently published scholarly research of relevance to those interested in the broad field of injury prevention and safety promotion. Initiated in 1995,SafetyLit is a project of the SafetyLit Foundation in cooperation with the San Diego State University College of Health &Human Services and the World Health Organization - Department of Violence and Injury Prevention.
Leonard A. Jason is a professor of psychology at DePaul University in Chicago,Illinois,where he also directs the Center for Community Research. His chief professional interests include the study of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS),violence prevention,smoking cessation,and Oxford House recovery homes for substance abuse. Jason's interest in chronic fatigue syndrome began when he was diagnosed with the condition in 1990 after having mononucleosis.
Occupational stress is psychological stress related to one's job. Occupational stress refers to a chronic condition. Occupational stress can be managed by understanding what the stressful conditions at work are and taking steps to remediate those conditions. Occupational stress can occur when workers do not feel supported by supervisors or coworkers,feel as if they have little control over the work they perform,or find that their efforts on the job are incommensurate with the job's rewards. Occupational stress is a concern for both employees and employers because stressful job conditions are related to employees' emotional well-being,physical health,and job performance. A landmark study conducted by the World Health Organization and the International Labour Organization found that exposure to long working hours,which are theorized to operate through increased psycho-social occupational stress,is the occupational risk factor with the largest attributable burden of disease,according to these official estimates causing an estimated 745,000 workers to die from ischemic heart disease and stroke events in 2016.
James "Jim" Sutherland Lawson is an Australian public health doctor and scientist,known for research on breast cancer and for public health services and prevention programs,currently in use in Australian and international public health services.
Barbara Barlow is an American pediatric surgeon who was the first woman to train in pediatric surgery at Babies Hospital,present-day Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital. She has also reduced the amount of injuries for inner-city children through her research and efforts to educate the public on prevention of accidents.
Kenneth Dodge is the William McDougall Distinguished Professor of Public Policy and Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience at Duke University. He is also the founding and past director of the Duke University Center for Child and Family Policy and founder of Family Connects International.
A playground,playpark,or play area is a place designed to provide an environment for children that facilitates play,typically outdoors. While a playground is usually designed for children,some are designed for other age groups,or people with disabilities. A playground might exclude children below a certain age.
The National Children's Center for Rural and Agricultural Health and Safety (NCCRAHS) is a part of the National Farm Medicine Center,one of the research centers of the Marshfield Clinic Research Institute. The center is located headquartered in Marshfield,Wisconsin,and is primarily funded by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH),which is part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The director is Barbara C. Lee,PhD.
Caroline Finch AO is an Australian sports injury epidemiologist and sports injury prevention researcher. Her research has been adopted and used to directly inform safety policy by Government Departments of Sport and Health,health promotion and injury prevention agencies,and peak sports bodies both within Australia and internationally. Her injury prevention research has been applied to falls in older people,road safety,workplace safety and injuries in children.
Judy Garber is a clinical psychologist known for her research on emotional dysregulation and mood disorders,with a focus on cognitive-behavioral interventions for adolescents who have depression. Garber is Cornelius Vanderbilt Professor of Psychology and Human Development at Vanderbilt University.
Lisa Bowleg is an applied social psychologist known for conducting research on intersectionality in social and behavioral science and the relationship between social-contextual factors and stress,resilience,and HIV risk in Black communities.
Sandy Kay Wurtele is an American psychologist. She is Professor Emerita in the Department of Psychology at the University of Colorado Colorado Springs where she specialized in the prevention of childhood sexual abuse. Wurtele is the author of several educational and scholarly materials for professionals,parents,and children on preventing childhood sexual assault and abuse. Wurtele has provided training and consultation to a number of national and international organizations and researchers on this topic,including on the National Center for Missing &Exploited Children's Education Standards Task Force,the USA Swimming Safe Sport Committee,USA Wrestling,and the Roman Catholic Diocese of Wilmington.
Psychosocial safety climate (PSC) is a term used in organisational psychology that refers to the shared belief held by workers that their psychological health and safety is protected and supported by senior management. PSC builds on other work stress theories and concerns the corporate climate for worker psychological health and safety. Studies have found that a favourable PSC is associated with low rates of absenteeism and high productivity,while a poor climate is linked to high levels of workplace stress and job dissatisfaction. PSC can be promoted by organisational practices,policies and procedures that prioritise the psychosocial safety and wellbeing of workers. The theory has implications for the design of workplaces for the best possible outcomes for both workers and management.
Beth Sulzer-Azaroff was a psychologist and pioneering figure in the field of behavior analysis. She conducted research on organizational behavior management and promoted the use of applied behavior analysis for teaching children with autism. The Federation of Associations in Behavioral &Brain Sciences noted her contributions as "instrumental in translating findings from the basic behavior analytic laboratory to the applied setting,from the classroom to the factory."
References
- ↑ "Parent University: David Schwebel". highlandsschool.com. Highlands Schools. 19 October 2015. Archived from the original on May 9, 2019. Retrieved May 10, 2021.
- ↑ "David C. Schwebel". uab.edu. Retrieved May 10, 2021.
- ↑ "DAVID C. SCHWEBEL CV". ua-birmingham.academia.edu. Retrieved May 10, 2021.
- ↑ Frame, Selby (August 9, 2017). "David Schwebel taps virtual reality to keep kids safe". apa.org. Retrieved May 10, 2021.
- ↑ Hoge, Brianna (March 9, 2021). "Research on children's fear of traffic selected for Elsevier Research Selection". uab.edu. Retrieved May 10, 2021.
- ↑ Schwebel, David C. (February 11, 2006). "Safety on the Playground: Mechanisms Through Which Adult Supervision Might Prevent Child Playground Injury". Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings. 13 (2): 135–143. doi:10.1007/s10880-006-9018-7. S2CID 35234422 . Retrieved May 10, 2021.
- ↑ Schwebel, David C.; Jones, Heather N.; Holder, Erika; Marciani, Francesca (January 2010). "Lifeguards: A Forgotten Aspect of Drowning Prevention". Journal of Injury and Violence Research. 2 (1): 1–3. doi:10.5249/jivr.v2i1.32. PMC 3134895 . PMID 21483192.
- ↑ Bakken, Jim (June 13, 2011). "Schwebel awarded Fulbright Specialist award". uab.edu. Retrieved May 10, 2021.
- ↑ Shen, Jiabin; Pang, Shulan; Schwebel1, David C. (May 2016). "A Randomized Trial Evaluating Child Dog-Bite Prevention in Rural China through Video-Based Testimonials". Health Psychology . 35 (5): 454–464. doi: 10.1037/hea0000273 . PMC 4833565 . PMID 26523353.
- ↑ Schwebel, David C.; Swart, Dehran; Hui, Siu-kuen Azor; Simpson, Jennifer; Hobe, Phumla (September 2009). "Paraffin-related injury in low-income South African communities: knowledge, practice and perceived risk". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 87 (9): 700–706. doi: 10.2471/blt.08.057505 . PMC 2739913 . PMID 19784450.
- ↑ Royal, Meegan (January 17, 2019). "Researcher receives prestigious award for discoveries in applied psychology". uab.edu. Retrieved May 10, 2021.
- ↑ Weir, Kirsten (April 1, 2021). "A thaw in the freeze on federal funding for gun violence and injury prevention research". apa.org. Retrieved May 10, 2021.
- ↑ "UAB Department of Psychology Spring 2014 Newsletter". issuu.com. May 29, 2014. p. 4. Retrieved May 10, 2021.