Dennis Delgado | |
|---|---|
| Born | South Bronx, New York, U.S. |
| Alma mater | University of Rochester City College of New York |
| Website | www |
Dennis Delgado is a contemporary American artist and critic who examines how ideologies of colonialism persist and re-inscribe themselves within modern technology such as in facial recognition systems which fail to properly identify people of color. His work has been exhibited throughout the United States including the Bronx Museum of the Arts, the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, UC Irvine, University of Texas at Austin, Palo Alto Art Center, El Museo del Barrio, and at the Cooper Union. He currently serves as an assistant professor in information technology at Baruch College. [1] [2]
| External videos | |
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 The Sara Little Turnbull Visiting Designer Speaker Series, Dennis Delgado, Lehman College Art Gallery via YouTube |
The Dark Database series looks at the bias inherent in facial recognition systems. [3] [4]
The face is the front of an animal's head that features the eyes, nose and mouth, and through which animals express many of their emotions. The face is crucial for human identity, and damage such as scarring or developmental deformities may affect the psyche adversely.
Affective computing is the study and development of systems and devices that can recognize, interpret, process, and simulate human affects. It is an interdisciplinary field spanning computer science, psychology, and cognitive science. While some core ideas in the field may be traced as far back as to early philosophical inquiries into emotion, the more modern branch of computer science originated with Rosalind Picard's 1995 paper on affective computing and her book Affective Computing published by MIT Press. One of the motivations for the research is the ability to give machines emotional intelligence, including to simulate empathy. The machine should interpret the emotional state of humans and adapt its behavior to them, giving an appropriate response to those emotions.
Facial expression is the motion and positioning of the muscles beneath the skin of the face. These movements convey the emotional state of an individual to observers and are a form of nonverbal communication. They are a primary means of conveying social information between humans, but they also occur in most other mammals and some other animal species.
A facial recognition system is a technology potentially capable of matching a human face from a digital image or a video frame against a database of faces. Such a system is typically employed to authenticate users through ID verification services, and works by pinpointing and measuring facial features from a given image.
Face detection is a computer technology being used in a variety of applications that identifies human faces in digital images. Face detection also refers to the psychological process by which humans locate and attend to faces in a visual scene.
TSL color space is a perceptual color space which defines color as tint, saturation, and lightness. Proposed by Jean-Christophe Terrillon and Shigeru Akamatsu, TSL color space was developed primarily for the purpose of face detection.
The toyger is a breed of domestic cat, the result of breeding domestic shorthaired tabbies to make them resemble a "toy tiger", as its striped coat is reminiscent of the tiger's. The breed's creator, Judy Sugden, has stated that the breed was developed in order to inspire people to care about the conservation of tigers in the wild. It was recognized for "registration only" by The International Cat Association in the early 2000s, and advanced through all requirements to be accepted as a full championship breed in 2012. The Toyger Cat Society database lists 30 active Toyger breeders as of 2024.
Facial motion capture is the process of electronically converting the movements of a person's face into a digital database using cameras or laser scanners. This database may then be used to produce computer graphics (CG), computer animation for movies, games, or real-time avatars. Because the motion of CG characters is derived from the movements of real people, it results in a more realistic and nuanced computer character animation than if the animation were created manually.
Infant vision concerns the development of visual ability in human infants from birth through the first years of life. The aspects of human vision which develop following birth include visual acuity, tracking, color perception, depth perception, and object recognition.
The Facial Recognition Technology (FERET) program was a government-sponsored project that aimed to create a large, automatic face-recognition system for intelligence, security, and law enforcement purposes. The program began in 1993 under the combined leadership of Dr. Harry Wechsler at George Mason University (GMU) and Dr. Jonathon Phillips at the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) in Adelphi, Maryland and resulted in the development of the Facial Recognition Technology (FERET) database. The goal of the FERET program was to advance the field of face recognition technology by establishing a common database of facial imagery for researchers to use and setting a performance baseline for face-recognition algorithms.
The Face Recognition Grand Challenge (FRGC) was conducted from May 2004 until March 2006 to promote and advance face recognition technology. The FRGC v2 database created in 2005 has had a significant impact on the development of 3D face recognition. Although many other face databases have been created since then, as of 2022, FRGC v2 continued to be used as "a standard reference database for evaluating 3D face recognition algorithms".
Whitfield Lovell is a contemporary African-American artist who is known primarily for his drawings of African-American individuals from the first half of the 20th century. Lovell creates these drawings in pencil, oil stick, or charcoal on paper, wood, or directly on walls. In his most recent work, these drawings are paired with found objects that Lovell collects at flea markets and antique shops.
Kenyatta A.C. Hinkle , also known as Olomidara Yaya, is an American artist, author, and assistant professor at the University of California at Berkeley Department of Art Practice. Her work focuses on questions of race, sexuality, and history through a variety of visual and textual mediums. She lives and works in Los Angeles, California. Notable works include the Kentifrica project, the Tituba series, The Evanesced, and the Uninvited series. She is a member of CTRL+SHFT Collective in Oakland, California.
DeepFace is a deep learning facial recognition system created by a research group at Facebook. It identifies human faces in digital images. The program employs a nine-layer neural network with over 120 million connection weights and was trained on four million images uploaded by Facebook users. The Facebook Research team has stated that the DeepFace method reaches an accuracy of 97.35% ± 0.25% on Labeled Faces in the Wild (LFW) data set where human beings have 97.53%. This means that DeepFace is sometimes more successful than human beings. As a result of growing societal concerns Meta announced that it plans to shut down Facebook facial recognition system, deleting the face scan data of more than one billion users. This change will represent one of the largest shifts in facial recognition usage in the technology's history. Facebook planned to delete by December 2021 more than one billion facial recognition templates, which are digital scans of facial features. However, it did not plan to eliminate DeepFace which is the software that powers the facial recognition system. The company has also not ruled out incorporating facial recognition technology into future products, according to Meta spokesperson.
Titus Kaphar is an American contemporary painter whose work reconfigures and regenerates art history to include African-American subjects. His paintings are held in the collections of Museum of Modern Art, Brooklyn Museum, Yale University Art Gallery, New Britain Museum of American Art, Seattle Art Museum, Mississippi Museum of Art, Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, and University of Michigan Museum of Art.
Alicia Henry was an American contemporary artist who lived, worked, and taught in Nashville. Henry was an associate professor in the Language and Arts Department at Fisk University. Henry created multi-media artwork that focused on themes of the body and identity. She used materials such as wood, fabric, paper and pigment for her creations. Henry received a Bachelor of Fine Arts from The School of the Art Institute of Chicago and a Master of Fine Arts from the School of Art at Yale University.
Amazon Rekognition is a cloud-based software as a service (SaaS) computer vision platform that was launched in 2016. It has been sold to, and used by, a number of United States government agencies, including U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and Orlando, Florida police, as well as private entities.
Hyper-surveillance is the intricate surveillance of an entire or a substantial fraction of a population in order to monitor that group of citizens that specifically utilizes technology and security breaches to access information. As the reliance on the internet economy grows, smarter technology with higher surveillance concerns and snooping means workers to have increased surveillance at their workplace. Hyper surveillance is highly targeted and intricate observation and monitoring among an individual, group of people, or faction.
The Algorithmic Justice League (AJL) is a digital advocacy non-profit organization based in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 2016 by computer scientist Joy Buolamwini, the AJL uses research, artwork, and policy advocacy to increase societal awareness regarding the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in society and the harms and biases that AI can pose to society. The AJL has engaged in a variety of open online seminars, media appearances, and tech advocacy initiatives to communicate information about bias in AI systems and promote industry and government action to mitigate against the creation and deployment of biased AI systems. In 2021, Fast Company named AJL as one of the 10 most innovative AI companies in the world.
Lava Thomas is an American artist. Thomas was born and raised in Los Angeles.
Dennis Delgado was born in the South Bronx, and received a BA in Film Studies from the University of Rochester as well as an MFA in Sculpture from the City College of New York (CUNY). His work examines the forms through which ideologies of colonialism persist and re-inscribe themselves, revealing a historical presence in the current moment. He is interested in how technologies of vision reproduce the scopic regimes of expansionism and neo-liberal governance. His work has been exhibited at the Bronx Museum of the Arts, the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, UC Irvine, UT Austin, Palo Alto Center for the Arts, El Museo del Barrio, and at the Cooper Union.
The artists featured in The Black Index—Dennis Delgado, Alicia Henry, Kenyatta A.C. Hinkle, Titus Kaphar, Whitfield Lovell, and Lava Thomas—build upon the tradition of Black self-representation as an antidote to colonialist images.
The Dark Database series looks at the bias inherent in facial recognition systems. Using Open Computer Vision and the programming language Python, a facial detection algorithm was run on a series of films by directors of color. Each of the faces detected was stacked and centered according to a portrait template. The median pixel value for each detected face is calculated to create one single portrait of the film that serves as a kind of record of all the faces the facial detection algorithm was able to detect. Current studies show that facial recognition systems are less able to detect a face in an image when the skin tone of that face is not Caucasian. The undetected faces are then not enrolled in the systems' database. As a result many of the systems are trained using datasets which contain fewer people of color, making those same systems inaccurate when recognizing or identifying individuals of color. The Dark Database is a kind of record of visibility and representation as seen through the eyes of artificial intelligence.
This essay discusses the Dark Database project, which looks at the presence of blackness in facial recognition systems. It recognizes the system's privileging of Caucasian skin as the central definition of skin tone. The essay considers these flaws within the context of photography's history of shaping how people of color are imagined and represented in visual culture. Moving through the structure of a facial recognition system, the essay describes utilizing that system to create a set of composite portraits that record what a system can "see,"and furthermore, what that process can tell us about the overall culture that produced it.
Nathalie Karg Gallery is pleased to present Painting as Is II, a group exhibition curated by Heidi Hahn and Tim Wilson. The exhibition runs from June 28 through August 26, 2022 and features work by Lisa Beck, Blinn and Lambert, Robert Bordo, Sarah Braman, Theresa Daddezio, Dennis Delgado, Martha Diamond, Olivia Drusin, Rochelle Feinstein, Jackie Feng, Meena Hasan, James Hyde, Olivia Jia, Marina Kappos, Caroline Kent, Jaena Kwon, Benny Merris, Elizabeth McIntosh, Oren Pinhassi, Nathlie Provosty, Craig Taylor, and Dan Walsh
The works respond to our current condition of technological advancement, addressing artificial intelligence, hybrid humans, what is real in an increasingly virtual world, and what cultural practices, rituals, and artifacts we are retaining, revisiting, and evolving along with us.
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