The interconnection between digital technologies and environmental sustainability (often termed the twin transition [1] ) was recognized by the OECD in 2010 [2] and a 2024 review confirmed its continuing relevance. [3]
In Europe, the idea of the twin transition is that green and digital transitions should go together; initiatives such as the European Green Deal and Next Generation EU promote sustainability harnessing digital technologies. [4] Although originating in Europe, the concept "represents a common interest for countries worldwide to navigate the intricate interplay between digital and sustainable transitions." [5]
Digital technologies are acting as integrating and enabling technologies for the economy and profoundly affect society; changes in technology use have damaged the environment but also have the potential to support environmental sustainability. [6] [7]
the intricate interplay between digital and sustainable transformation, often termed the "twin transition"
Fourteen years later, advances in digital technologies – including artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoTs) – underscore their growing role in achieving climate resilience. At the same time, however, digital technologies and their underlying infrastructure have an environmental footprint that must be managed
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