| Diplomatic mission of the Netherlands to the Holy See | |
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| Address | Via Michele Mercati 6, Rome |
| Ambassador | Annemieke Ruigrok |
The Kingdom of the Netherlands has had a diplomatic representation at the Holy See since 1944. Previously this was the case from 1814 to 1871 and from 1918 to 1925. Initially this was in the form of a legation, but this was converted to ambassador in 1967.
The mission was established in 1814, just after the emergence of the Netherlands as an independent unitary state. After the Capture of Rome and the unification of Italy in 1870, the Papal States and territorial power of the Pope came to an end. This was a reason for the liberal Member of Parliament Gerard Dumbar to submit an amendment in 1871 to delete the item from the budget. The amendment was adopted with 39 votes in favor and 33 votes against. The recall followed in early 1872.
During the First World War, a lot of diplomacy took place in the Vatican between warring countries. In 1915, the liberal Cort van der Linden cabinet decided to temporarily reestablish the embassy as a 'listening post' for the neutral Netherlands. In 1920 it was converted from temporary to permanent legation. In 1925, the leader of the Political Reformed Party (SGP) Gerrit Hendrik Kersten submitted an amendment to abolish the legation. This was supported by opposition parties and the Protestant ruling party Christian-Historical Union (CHU). The so-called Night of Kersten led to the fall of the first Colijn cabinet and the abolition of the legation in 1926.
At the beginning of the Second World War, representation became relevant again. The Americans already insisted on this in 1940. During the war, however, this proved difficult for the Dutch government-in-exile, partly because they did not know how the Protestant part of the population would react to this. Queen Wilhelmina, who was not enthusiastic about the embassy anyway, was particularly concerned about this. Minister of Foreign Affairs Eelco van Kleffens even briefly threatened to resign if it was not instituted. Ultimately, Wilhelmina agreed and the embassy was established in 1944. [1]
Since then, CHU, SGP and Democrats 66 (D66) have tried at various times to abolish the post, but without success.
The Reformed Political Party is a conservative Calvinist political party in the Netherlands. The term Reformed is not a reference to political reform but is a synonym for Calvinism—a major branch of Protestantism. The SGP is the oldest political party in the Netherlands existing in its present form, and has been in opposition for its entire existence. Since 1925, it has won between 1.6% and 2.5% of the votes in general elections. Owing to its orthodox political ideals and its traditional role in the opposition, the party has been called a testimonial party. Since the general election of 2012, it has held three of the 150 seats of the House of Representatives.
Alblasserdam is a town and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. It covers an area of 10.06 km2 (3.88 sq mi), of which 1.28 km2 (0.49 sq mi) is water, and has a population of 20,136 as of 2021. Alblasserdam is officially a part of the Drechtsteden region. A portion of the small village of Kinderdijk, which boasts the largest and most famous concentration of windmills in the Netherlands, is part of Alblasserdam.
International Socialists is a revolutionary, Trotskyist organisation in the Netherlands. It is part of the International Socialist Tendency led by the British Socialist Workers Party.
Lambertus Jacobus Johannes "Bertus" Aafjes was a Dutch poet noteworthy for his poems about resistance to German occupation during World War II.
Jhr. Andries Cornelis Dirk de Graeff was a Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies and a Dutch minister for foreign affairs.
Jan Joseph Godfried, Baron van Voorst tot Voorst Jr. was the second highest officer in command of the Dutch armed forces during World War II and a renowned strategist, who wrote numerous articles and books on modern warfare.
Beek is a village in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is located in the municipality of Berg en Dal, about 5 km east of Nijmegen. It was sometimes referred to as "Beek " or "Beek-Ubbergen" because there are several villages in the Netherlands called Beek.
The Kingdom of the Netherlands, commonly known simply as the Netherlands, is a sovereign state consisting of a collection of constituent territories united under the monarch of the Netherlands, who functions as head of state. The realm is not a federation; it is a unitary monarchy with its largest subdivision, the eponymous Netherlands, predominantly located in Northwestern Europe and with several smaller island territories located in the Caribbean.
The van Voorst tot Voorst family is an old Dutch noble family from the province of Overijssel.
Marquess of Heusden is a high-ranking Dutch title of nobility retained by the Earl of Clancarty.
Simon Berman was the mayor of Kwadijk, Middelie, Warder, Schagen, Bedum, and Alblasserdam in the Netherlands. He was the first mayor of Kwadijk, Middelie, and Warder to actually live in one of those villages. As a popular mayor of Schagen, he handled a double murder case that drew national media attention and advanced a professional school and regional light rail and canals. In Alblasserdam, he addressed the local impacts of World War I. Berman is also known for his association with Christian anarchism.
The Colony of Curaçao and Dependencies was a Dutch colony in the Caribbean Sea from 1634 until 1828 and from 1845 until 1954. Between 1936 and 1948, the area was officially known as the Territory of Curaçao, and after 1948 as the Netherlands Antilles. With the proclamation of the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands on 15 December 1954, the Netherlands Antilles attained equal status with the Netherlands proper and Suriname in the new Kingdom of the Netherlands.
Wilhelmina Drucker was a Dutch politician and writer. One of the first Dutch feminists, she was also known under her pseudonyms Gipsy, Gitano, and E. Prezcier.
Jacobus Ruurd "Jaap" Bruijn, was a Dutch maritime historian. He was professor of maritime history at the University of Leiden from 1979 until his retirement in 2003. During his 41-year teaching career as The Netherlands' only university professor of maritime history, he guided the doctoral theses of at least 49 graduate students.
De Graaf van het Hoogveen was a restaurant located in Badhotel Zeerust in Noordwijk aan Zee, Netherlands. It was a fine dining restaurant that was awarded one Michelin star in 1982 and retained that rating until 1988.
Joost Berman was a Dutch lawyer, judge, politician, poet, nonfiction writer, and editor.
Republicanism in the Netherlands is a movement that strives to abolish the Dutch monarchy and replace it with a republic. The popularity of the organised republican movement that seeks to abolish the monarchy in its entirety has been suggested to be a minority among the people of the Netherlands, according to opinion polls.
Omroep Zeeland is a public broadcaster located in Zeeland, Netherlands. Founded in 1988, the media organization is active in television, radio, and internet. The audience is on average slightly older than that of the other Dutch regional broadcasters.
The Toneelschrijfprijs is an annual literary award awarded to the playwrights of a Dutch-language play that debuted in the preceding season. The award ceremony is held in either Flanders or the Netherlands. The winner of the prize receives €10,000. The prize was first awarded in 1988 as the Nederlands-Vlaamse Toneelschrijfprijs.
Beatrice A. de Graaf is a Dutch history professor at the Faculty of Humanities at Utrecht University. Her areas of expertise are terrorism, international relations and security and the modern history of Europe.
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