Diplomatic mission of the Netherlands to the Holy See

Last updated
Diplomatic mission of the Netherlands to the Holy See
Royal Dutch Embassy to the Holy See - flag and plaques.jpg
Diplomatic mission of the Netherlands to the Holy See
AddressVia Michele Mercati 6, Rome
Ambassador Annemieke Ruigrok

The Kingdom of the Netherlands has had a diplomatic representation at the Holy See since 1944. Previously this was the case from 1814 to 1871 and from 1918 to 1925. Initially this was in the form of a legation, but this was converted to ambassador in 1967.

Contents

The diplomatic mission to the Holy See was a contested issue, which even led to the fall of the cabinet in 1925 after the Night of Kersten.

History

The mission was established in 1814, just after the emergence of the Netherlands as an independent unitary state. After the Capture of Rome and the unification of Italy in 1870, the Papal States and territorial power of the Pope came to an end. This was a reason for the liberal Member of Parliament Gerard Dumbar to submit an amendment in 1871 to delete the item from the budget. The amendment was adopted with 39 votes in favor and 33 votes against. The recall followed in early 1872. It contributed to alienation between the liberals and the Catholics, who had worked together until then. [1]

During the First World War, a lot of diplomacy took place in the Vatican between warring countries. In 1915, the liberal Cort van der Linden cabinet decided to temporarily reestablish the embassy as a 'listening post' for the neutral Netherlands. In 1920 it was converted from temporary to permanent legation. In 1925, the leader of the Reformed Political Party (SGP) Gerrit Hendrik Kersten submitted an amendment to abolish the legation. This was supported by opposition parties and the Protestant ruling party Christian-Historical Union (CHU). The so-called Night of Kersten led to the fall of the first Colijn cabinet and the abolition of the legation in 1926.

At the beginning of the Second World War, representation became relevant again. The Americans already insisted on this in 1940. During the war, however, this proved difficult for the Dutch government-in-exile, partly because they did not know how the Protestant part of the population would react to this. Queen Wilhelmina, who was not enthusiastic about the embassy anyway, was particularly concerned about this. Minister of Foreign Affairs Eelco van Kleffens even briefly threatened to resign if it was not instituted. Ultimately, Wilhelmina agreed and the embassy was established in 1944. [2]

Since then, CHU, SGP and Democrats 66 (D66) have tried at various times to abolish the post, but without success.

List of representatives

S.G.M. baron van Voorst tot Voorst in 1942 Mr. S.G.M. baron van Voorst tot Voorst (voormalig consul in Bayonne-Frankrijk), Bestanddeelnr 935-0672.jpg
S.G.M. baron van Voorst tot Voorst in 1942

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Reformed Political Party</span> Dutch political party

The Reformed Political Party is a conservative Reformed Christian political party in the Netherlands. The SGP is the oldest political party in the Netherlands existing in its present form, and has been in opposition for its entire existence. Since 1925, it has won between 1.5% and 2.5% of the votes in general elections. Owing to its orthodox political ideals and its traditional role in the opposition, the party is considered a testimonial party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anti-Revolutionary Party</span> Dutch political party

The Anti-Revolutionary Party was a Protestant conservative and Christian democratic political party in the Netherlands. The party was founded in 1879 by Abraham Kuyper, a neo-Calvinist theologian and minister who served as Prime Minister between 1901 and 1905. In 1980 the party merged with the Catholic People's Party (KVP) and the Christian Historical Union (CHU) to form the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Second Balkenende cabinet</span> Cabinet of the Netherlands, 2003 to 2006

The second Balkenende cabinet was the executive branch of the Government of the Netherlands from 27 May 2003 until 7 July 2006. The cabinet was formed by the Christian-democratic Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), the conservative-liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), and the social-liberal Democrats 66 (D66) after the election of 2003. The cabinet was a centre-right coalition and had a slim majority in the House of Representatives with Christian Democratic Leader Jan Peter Balkenende serving as Prime Minister. Liberal Leader Gerrit Zalm, a former Minister of Finance, served as Deputy Prime Minister and returned as Minister of Finance, while former Progressive-Liberal Leader Thom de Graaf served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister without Portfolio for the Interior.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Free-thinking Democratic League</span> Political party in the Netherlands

The Free-thinking Democratic League was a progressive liberal political party in the Netherlands. Established in 1901, it played a relatively large role in Dutch politics, supplying one Prime Minister, Wim Schermerhorn. The League is a predecessor of two of the major Dutch political parties, the conservative liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and the social democratic Labour Party (PvdA). The social liberal Democrats 66 also claims that it and the VDB are ideologically connected.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boris Dittrich</span> Dutch politician (born 1955)

Boris Ottokar Dittrich is a Dutch politician, jurist, author and human rights activist who served as Leader of the Democrats 66 (D66) from 2003 to 2006. A former member of the House of Representatives (1994–2006), he has been a member of the Senate since 2019.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andries Cornelis Dirk de Graeff</span> Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies

Jhr. Andries Cornelis Dirk de Graeff was a governor-general of the Dutch East Indies and a Dutch minister for foreign affairs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Godfried van Voorst tot Voorst</span> Dutch general

Jan Joseph Godfried, Baron van Voorst tot Voorst Jr. was the second highest officer in command of the Dutch armed forces during World War II and a renowned strategist, who wrote numerous articles and books on modern warfare.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gerrit Hendrik Kersten</span> Dutch Christian minister and politician

Gerrit Hendrik Kersten was a Dutch Calvinist minister and politician. After briefly working as a primary school teacher Kersten was inducted into his first pastorate in Meliskerke in 1905 without formal theological training. In 1907 Kersten was instrumental in achieving a union of two groups of disparate, low-church groups of small secessional congregations, resulting in the formation of the Reformed Congregations. Eleven years later, in 1918, he established the Reformed Political Party to realize his vision of "a Calvinist Netherlands ruled on a biblical basis without cinema, sports, vaccination and social security". He was the party's first member of the House of Representatives, being elected in 1922. He would remain in parliament until his debarment in 1945.

Beek is a village in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is located in the municipality of Berg en Dal, about 5 km east of Nijmegen. It was sometimes referred to as "Beek " or "Beek-Ubbergen" because there are several villages in the Netherlands called Beek.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kingdom of the Netherlands</span> Sovereign state including the Netherlands

The Kingdom of the Netherlands, commonly known simply as the Netherlands, is a sovereign state consisting of a collection of constituent territories united under the monarch of the Netherlands, who functions as head of state. The realm is not a federation; it is a unitary monarchy with its largest subdivision, the eponymous Netherlands, predominantly located in Northwestern Europe and with several smaller island territories located in the Caribbean.

van Voorst tot Voorst Dutch noble family

The van Voorst tot Voorst family is an old Dutch noble family from the province of Overijssel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marquess of Heusden</span>

Marquess of Heusden is a high-ranking Dutch title of nobility retained by the Earl of Clancarty.

Vietnamese people in the Netherlands form one of the smaller overseas Vietnamese communities of Europe. They consist largely of refugees from the former South Vietnam, Vietnamese born-citizens and their descendants.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Second Gerbrandy cabinet</span> Dutch government-in-exile (1941–1945)

The Second Gerbrandy cabinet, also called the Third London cabinet was the Dutch government-in-exile from 27 July 1941 until 23 February 1945. The cabinet was formed by the political parties Roman Catholic State Party (RKSP), Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP), Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP), Christian Historical Union (CHU), Free-thinking Democratic League (VDB) and the Liberal State Party (LSP) following the resignation of First Gerbrandy cabinet on 12 June 1941. The national unity government (War cabinet) was the third of four war cabinets of the government-in-exile in London during World War II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wilhelmina Drucker</span> Dutch politician and writer

Wilhelmina Drucker was a Dutch politician and writer. One of the first Dutch feminists, she was also known under her pseudonyms Gipsy, Gitano, and E. Prezcier.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Netherlands–Suriname relations</span> Bilateral relations

Netherlands–Suriname relations refers to the current and historical relations between the Netherlands and Suriname. Both nations share historic ties and a common language (Dutch) and are members of the Dutch Language Union.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Republicanism in the Netherlands</span> Movement to abolish the countrys monarchy

Republicanism in the Netherlands is a movement that strives to abolish the Dutch monarchy and replace it with a republic. The popularity of the organised republican movement that seeks to abolish the monarchy in its entirety has been suggested to be a minority among the people of the Netherlands, according to opinion polls.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Omroep Zeeland</span> Dutch regional television station

Omroep Zeeland is a public broadcaster located in Zeeland, Netherlands. Founded in 1988, the media organization is active in television, radio, and internet. The audience is on average slightly older than that of the other Dutch regional broadcasters.

Events from the year 2023 in the Netherlands.

A cabinet formation took place in the Netherlands following the general election of 5 July 1922. The formation resulted in the inauguration of the Second Ruijs de Beerenbrouck cabinet on 18 September 1922, comprising the General League of Roman Catholic Electoral Associations (AB), the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP), and the Christian Historical Union (CHU).

References

  1. ↑ "Katholieken". Parlement.com . Retrieved 27 July 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "Inventaris van het archief van het Nederlandse Gezantschap in Vaticaanstad, 1944-1954".
  3. 1 2 Leijendekker, Marc (5 August 1991). "Nederlands ambassadeur bij de Heilige Stoel; Een mooie post om rustig te wennen aan een kalmer leven". NRC Handelsblad (in Dutch). Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  4. ↑ Slingerland, Monic (28 November 2009). "Monique Frank". Trouw (in Dutch). Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  5. ↑ "Ambassadeur bij Heilige stoel overleden". Nederlands Dagblad (in Dutch). 6 November 2010. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.