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Disinvestment from Iran is campaign primarily in the United States that aims to encourage disinvestment from the state of Iran.
The Iran Sanctions Enabling Act (H.R. 1327) was introduced in US Congress by Reps. Barney Frank (D-MA) and Mark Kirk (R-IL). It passed 414–6. The legislation aims to protects fund managers who divest from such companies from potential lawsuits, thereby facilitating state efforts to divest from the Islamist regime.
The Israeli newspaper Haaretz describes the origin of the efforts in 2007: [1]
Various Israeli sources and the pro-Israel lobby, the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC), are also contributing to the efforts, particularly through specific legislation in various American states where pension funds hold stock in firms invested in Iran.
According to the Jewish Telegraphic Agency, the AIPAC has made the campaign for disinvestment from Iran a major policy goal for 2009. [2] The JTA wrote that the H.R. 1327 disinvestment bill is "strongly backed by AIPAC" and its introduction to Congress during the yearly AIPAC conference was "no coincidence" because "having 6,000 conference-goers press for their passage next Tuesday [during the AIPAC conference] is bound to give them a turbo boost." [2]
The American Israel Public Affairs Committee is a lobbying group that advocates pro-Israel policies to the Congress and Executive Branch of the United States. The current president of AIPAC is Betsy Berns Korn.
Disinvestment refers to the use of a concerted economic boycott to pressure a government, industry, or company towards a change in policy, or in the case of governments, even regime change. The term was first used in the 1980s, most commonly in the United States, to refer to the use of a concerted economic boycott designed to pressure the government of South Africa into abolishing its policy of apartheid. The term has also been applied to actions targeting Iran, Sudan, Northern Ireland, Myanmar, and Israel.
American Jewish Committee (AJC) is a Jewish advocacy group established on November 11, 1906. It is one of the oldest Jewish advocacy organizations and, according to The New York Times, is "widely regarded as the dean of American Jewish organizations". As of 2009, AJC envisions itself as the "Global Center for Jewish and Israel Advocacy".
Public diplomacy in Israel, also known as Hasbara, refers to public-relations efforts to disseminate positive information abroad about the State of Israel and its actions.
Jewish Voice for Peace (JVP) is a United States left-wingactivist organization focused on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.
Steven J. Rosen served for 23 years as one of the top officials of the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC). He is often singled out in writings about AIPAC.
The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs magazine, published eight times per year, focuses on "news and analysis from and about the Middle East and U.S. policy in that region". The New York Times has characterized it as "critical of United States policies in the Middle East". In 2005, USA Today called it "a non-partisan publication that has been critical of Bush's policies". Representatives of pro-Israel organizations have criticized the Washington Report on Middle East Affairs as being aligned with the Arab lobby and as "anti-Israel".
Malcolm Hoenlein has been the executive vice chairman of the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations since June 1986. He is the founding executive director of the Greater New York Conference on Soviet Jewry and the Jewish Community Relations Council of New York.
The Israel lobby is the diverse coalition of those who, as individuals and/or as groups, seek to influence the foreign policy of the United States in support of Israel or the policies of the government of Israel. The lobby consists of secular, Christian, and Jewish-American individuals and groups. The largest pro-Israel lobbying group is Christians United for Israel; the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) is a leading organization within the lobby, speaking on behalf of a coalition of American Jewish groups.
Disinvestmentfrom South Africa was first advocated in the 1960s, in protest of South Africa's system of apartheid, but was not implemented on a significant scale until the mid-1980s. The disinvestment campaign, after being realized in federal legislation enacted in 1986 by the United States, is credited by some as pressuring the South African Government to embark on negotiations ultimately leading to the dismantling of the Apartheid system.
Joe Biden served as the Vice President of the United States from 2009 to 2017 and in the United States Senate from 1973 until 2009. He made his second run for President of the United States in the 2008 presidential election as a Democrat, later being announced as Democratic presidential nominee Barack Obama's running mate in 2008. He was elected Vice President in 2008 and reelected in 2012. In April 2019, Biden announced his campaign for president of the United States. He became the presumptive Democratic nominee in April 2020, and will face Republican incumbent Donald Trump in the November 2020 election.
J Street is a nonprofit liberal advocacy group based in the United States whose stated aim is to promote American leadership to end the Arab–Israeli and Israeli–Palestinian conflicts peacefully and diplomatically. J Street was incorporated on November 29, 2007.
Disinvestment from Israel is a campaign conducted by religious and political entities which aims to use disinvestment to pressure the government of Israel to put "an end to the Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories captured during the 1967 military campaign." The disinvestment campaign is related to other economic and political boycotts of Israel.
The Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010 is a law passed by the U.S. Congress that applies further sanctions on the government of Iran.
The Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement (BDS) is a Palestinian-led campaign promoting various forms of boycott against Israel. The campaign claims that its objective is to pressure Israel until it meets what the campaign describes as Israel's obligations under international law, defined as withdrawal from the occupied territories, removal of the separation barrier in the West Bank, full equality for Arab-Palestinian citizens of Israel, and "respecting, protecting, and promoting the rights of Palestinian refugees to return to their homes and properties". The campaign is organized and coordinated by the Palestinian BDS National Committee.
United States–Israel Strategic Partnership Act of 2013 are almost identical bills introduced to the 113th United States Congress.
Boycotts of Israel are a political tactic of avoiding economic, political and cultural ties with the State of Israel, with individual Israelis or with Israeli-based companies or organizations. Boycott campaigns are used by those who oppose Israel's existence, or oppose Israel's policies or actions over the course of the Arab–Israeli conflict, in order to object to Israeli policies in general, or its economy or military in particular.
Reactions to Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) refer to the views of international actors on the BDS movement.
IfNotNow is an American Jewish progressive activist group opposing the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The IfNotNow movement consists of young Jewish Americans who demonstrate against politicians, US Government policies, and Jewish institutions perceived to support the occupation, primarily through direct action and media appearances.
The Israel Anti-Boycott Act is a proposed bill that is designed to permit U.S. states to freely enact laws that would require contractors to sign a pledge saying that they would not boycott any goods from Israel, or their contracts would be terminated. The bill would also amend the Export Administration Act of 1979. Although the Israel Anti-Boycott Act, consisting of House and Senate bills, H.R. 1697 and S.720, died in the previous, 115th session of Congress, it is a recurrent issue in American foreign policy and will continue to be taken up in the legislature. Israel was the United States 18th and 24th largest import and export partner in 2017, respectively. Beyond exports and imports U.S. foreign direct investment was $26.7 billion in 2017. It has 58 cosponsors in the Senate, and 292 cosponsors in the House . It has been drafted by Senators Ben Cardin (D-Maryland) and Rob Portman (R-Ohio) and introduced to the United States Congress in 2018. Some of its cosponsors include Senator Marco Rubio (R-Florida), Senator Susan Collins (R-Maine), Senator Charles Schumer, and Senator Cory Booker.
