The prime minister of France,officially the prime minister of the French Republic,is the head of government of the French Republic and the leader of the Council of Ministers.
The Constitutional Council is the highest constitutional authority in France. It was established by the Constitution of the Fifth Republic on 4 October 1958 to ensure that constitutional principles and rules are upheld. It is housed in the Palais-Royal in Paris. Its main activity is to rule on whether proposed statutes conform with the Constitution,after they have been voted by Parliament and before they are signed into law by the President of the Republic,or passed by the government as a decree,which has law status in many domains,a right granted to the government under delegation of Parliament.
The contrat première embauche was a new form of employment contract pushed in spring 2006 in France by Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin. This employment contract,available solely to employees under 26,would have made it easier for the employer to fire employees by removing the need to provide reasons for dismissal for an initial "trial period" of two years,in exchange for some financial guarantees for employees,the intention being to make employers less reluctant to hire additional staff. However,the enactment of this amendment to the so-called "Equality of Opportunity Act" establishing this contract was so unpopular that soon massive protests were held,mostly by young students,and the government rescinded the amendment.
Noëlle Lenoir is a French lawyer,former judge,and politician.
The Constitutional Council of France approved the redistricting of electoral boundaries in February 2010 to reflect France's changing demographics. The population ratio between the most populated and least populated constituencies was reduced from the 1986 redistricting results of 1:3.6 to 1:2. In effect,the number of seats increased in areas held by the centre-right coalition led by Union for a Popular Movement at the expense of the Socialist-led centre-left coalition. The 2010 redistricting process not only brought down the rule of two deputies per department to one,it also created eleven constituencies for French residents overseas.
The politics of France take place with the framework of a semi-presidential system determined by the French Constitution of the French Fifth Republic. The nation declares itself to be an "indivisible,secular,democratic,and social Republic". The constitution provides for a separation of powers and proclaims France's "attachment to the Rights of Man and the principles of National Sovereignty as defined by the Declaration of 1789".
Friedrich Heckmann is the director of the research institute European Forum for Migration Studies and emeritus professor of sociology at the School of Social and Economic Sciences at the University of Bamberg. His main research,teaching and consulting interests focus on migration and social integration. Heckmann contributed significantly to the institutionalisation of migration and integration research in Germany through the launch of the research committee Migration and Ethnic Minorities (1985) within the German Sociological Society and the co-founding of the European Forum for Migration Studies in 1993 as one of the first research institutes on migration and integration in Germany. Moreover,he established migration studies in the sociology department of the University of Bamberg.
The 2nd constituency of Marne is one of five electoral districts in the department of the same name,each of which returns one deputy to the French National Assembly in elections using the two-round system,with a run-off if no candidate receives more than 50% of the vote in the first round.
The Vestal Virgin is an oil-on-canvas painting by the French artist Jacques-Louis David. Its date is unknown,but Antoine Schnapper estimates it between 1784 and 1787,1787 being the year given for it in the 1803 Lespinasse sale catalogue. Sophie Monneret suggests 1783,the same year as Andromache Mourning Hector,perhaps in response to the creation of the Prix de Vertu.
Dominique Anglade is a Canadian businesswoman and former politician who served as the leader of the Quebec Liberal Party and Leader of the Opposition of Quebec from May 11,2020 to December 1,2022. She has served as a member of the National Assembly of Quebec from 2015 to 2022,representing Saint-Henri–Sainte-Anne. She is the first woman to lead the Quebec Liberal Party,the first black woman to lead a provincial party in Canada,and the first person of Haitian descent to be a cabinet minister in Canada. She is the daughter of the academic Georges Anglade. She was also the first woman CEO of Montréal International.
Dominique Estrosi Sassone is a French politician of the Republicans (LR) who has been serving as a member of the French Senate since 2014,representing the department of Alpes-Maritimes.
Nicole Belloubet is a French jurist and politician who has been serving as Minister of National Education in the government of Prime Minister Gabriel Attal since 2024.
Portrait of Philippe-Laurent de Joubert is an oil-on-canvas painting by the French artist Jacques-Louis David. Its date is unknown,but Antoine Schnapper argues that it was made between 1790 and 1792,since the subject died on 30 March 1792. It was left incomplete like his portraits of Madame Trudaine and Madame Pastoret. It is held in the Musée Fabre in Montpellier.
The Paris Institute for Advanced Study is an international research center that offers fellowships to researchers from all over the world in the field of humanities and social sciences. It is also open to other disciplines,in particular the life sciences,for projects in dialogue with the humanities and social sciences. The institute was designed to foster high level research,international and interdisciplinary exchanges and the development of new methods and research objects. The Paris IAS hosts yearly an average of twenty five researchers for stays of five to ten months.
Jean-Yves Camus is a French political scientist who specializes in nationalist movements in Europe.
Cathy Apourceau-Poly is a French Communist Party politician and a member of the Senate of France since July 2018.
Dr. Mahnaz Shirali is an Iranian author and political sociologist. She graduated in architecture engineering from faculty of fine arts of Tehran University in 1992. She moved to France in 1994 where she obtained her PhD in sociology from School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences in Paris in 2000. Her PhD thesis was about crisis in youth Iranian generation.
Nonna Mayer is an academic French political scientist and researcher in political science. She is a research director at the CNRS,and a specialist of electoral sociology and of far right movements in France. She was president of the Association Française de Science Politique from 2005 to 2016.
Commentaire is a French quarterly magazine,created in 1978 by Raymond Aron and Jean-Claude Casanova.
