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A bunion, also known as hallux valgus, is a deformity of the joint connecting the big toe to the foot. The big toe often bends towards the other toes and the joint becomes red and painful. The onset of bunions is typically gradual. Complications may include bursitis or arthritis.
A podiatrist is a medical professional devoted to the treatment of disorders of the foot, ankle, and related structures of the leg. The term originated in North America but has now become the accepted term in the English-speaking world for all practitioners of podiatric medicine. The word chiropodist was previously used in the United States, but it is now regarded as antiquated.
Orthopedic surgery or orthopedics is the branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system. Orthopedic surgeons use both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal trauma, spine diseases, sports injuries, degenerative diseases, infections, tumors, and congenital disorders.
Podiatry, or podiatric medicine, also known as chiropody, is a branch of medicine devoted to the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disorders of the foot, and ankle. The healthcare professional is known as a podiatrist. The US podiatric medical school curriculum includes lower extremity anatomy, general human anatomy, physiology, general medicine, physical assessment, biochemistry, neurobiology, pathophysiology, genetics and embryology, microbiology, histology, pharmacology, women's health, physical rehabilitation, sports medicine, research, ethics and jurisprudence, biomechanics, general principles of orthopedic surgery, and foot and ankle surgery.
Tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) is a nerve entrapment syndrome causing a painful foot condition in which the tibial nerve is compressed as it travels through the tarsal tunnel. This tunnel is found along the inner leg behind the medial malleolus. The posterior tibial artery, tibial nerve, and tendons of the tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus muscles travel in a bundle through the tarsal tunnel. Inside the tunnel, the nerve splits into three segments. One nerve (calcaneal) continues to the heel, the other two continue on to the bottom of the foot. The tarsal tunnel is delineated by bone on the inside and the flexor retinaculum on the outside.
Morton's neuroma is a benign neuroma of an intermetatarsal plantar nerve, most commonly of the second and third intermetatarsal spaces, which results in the entrapment of the affected nerve. The main symptoms are pain and/or numbness, sometimes relieved by ceasing to wear footwear with tight toe boxes and high heels. The condition is named after Thomas George Morton, though it was first correctly described by a chiropodist named Durlacher.
Podiatric Medical School is the term used to designate the institutions which educate students and train them to be podiatrists, which diagnose and treat conditions affecting the foot, ankle, and related structures of the leg. In the United States, only schools which are accredited by the Council on Podiatric Medical Education (CPME) may earn the status of being a Podiatric Medical School. The Doctor of Podiatric Medicine degree is commonly abbreviated D.P.M. degree. The D.P.M. degree is a prerequisite for an individual to be accepted into a CPME accredited residency. The preparatory education of most podiatric physicians — similar to the paths of traditional physicians — includes four years of undergraduate work, followed by four years in an accredited podiatric medical school, followed by a three- or four-year hospital-based podiatry residency. Optional one- to two-year fellowship in foot and ankle reconstruction, surgical limb salvage, sports medicine, plastic surgery, pediatric foot and ankle surgery, and wound care is also available.
Foot drop is a gait abnormality in which the dropping of the forefoot happens due to weakness, irritation or damage to the deep fibular nerve, including the sciatic nerve, or paralysis of the muscles in the anterior portion of the lower leg. It is usually a symptom of a greater problem, not a disease in itself. Foot drop is characterized by inability or impaired ability to raise the toes or raise the foot from the ankle (dorsiflexion). Foot drop may be temporary or permanent, depending on the extent of muscle weakness or paralysis and it can occur in one or both feet. In walking, the raised leg is slightly bent at the knee to prevent the foot from dragging along the ground.
The flexor retinaculum of foot is a strong fibrous band in the foot.
The saphenous nerve is the largest cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve. It is derived from the lumbar plexus (L3-L4). It is a strictly sensory nerve, and has no motor function. It commences in the proximal (upper) thigh and travels along the adductor canal. Upon exiting the adductor canal, the saphenous nerve terminates by splitting into two terminal branches: the sartorial nerve, and the infrapatellar nerve. The saphenous nerve is responsible for providing sensory innervation to the skin of the anteromedial leg.
Frank Finley Ledford Jr. was an American orthopedic surgeon who served as the 37th Surgeon General of the United States Army from 1988 to 1992.
Foot and ankle surgery is a sub-specialty of orthopedics and podiatry that deals with the treatment, diagnosis and prevention of disorders of the foot and ankle. Orthopaedic surgeons are medically qualified, having been through four years of college, followed by 4 years of medical school or osteopathic medical school to obtain an M.D. or D.O. followed by specialist training as a resident in orthopaedics, and only then do they sub-specialise in foot and ankle surgery. Training for a podiatric foot and ankle surgeon consists of four years of college, four years of podiatric medical school (D.P.M.), 3–4 years of a surgical residency and an optional 1 year fellowship.
Mark Stephen Adickes is an orthopedic surgeon and a former American football offensive lineman in the National Football League (NFL) for the Kansas City Chiefs and Washington Redskins. Adickes was an All-American offensive lineman at Baylor University and later attended George Mason University and Harvard University Medical School. He is ESPN's NFL injury analyst and is the chief of sports medicine for Baylor College of Medicine.
NYU Langone Health is an academic medical center located in New York City, New York, United States. The health system consists of NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Long Island School of Medicine, both part of New York University (NYU), and more than 300 locations throughout the New York metropolitan area, including six inpatient facilities: Tisch Hospital, Kimmel Pavilion, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital, NYU Langone Hospital – Brooklyn and NYU Langone Hospital – Long Island. It is also home to Rusk Rehabilitation. NYU Langone Health is one of the largest healthcare systems in the Northeast, with more than 46,000 employees.
Oheneba Boachie-Adjei is a Ghanaian orthopaedic surgeon. He specializes in spinal reconstruction and the treatment of kyphosis and scoliosis. He is professor of orthopaedic surgery at Weill Cornell Medical College in New York City, in the United States, and is an attending orthopaedic surgeon at Hospital for Special Surgery, at New York-Presbyterian Hospital and at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, all in New York City. From 1972 to 1976 he studied at Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York, in the United States, where he completed a BS degree summa cum laude. He then studied medicine at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons.
Jeffrey Evan Budoff is an American orthopedic surgeon. Budoff has written and published 41 articles on health topics and has authored 20 textbook chapters. He has edited five textbooks on the treatment of disorders of the upper extremity.
Raymond Rocco Monto is a Board Certified orthopaedic surgeon with a practice on Nantucket, Massachusetts. Monto's work includes developments in sports medicine, Tennis elbow surgery, hip arthroscopy, platelet-rich plasma, and innovative orthobiologic treatments for chronic disorders including Achilles tendonitis and plantar fasciitis. Monto lectures frequently in the United States and around the world.
Philip Duncan Wilson Jr. (1920–2016) was an orthopedic surgeon who brought total hip replacement surgery to the Hospital for Special Surgery in 1967. He started at the Hospital for Special Surgery in 1948, and served as the Surgeon-in-Chief from 1972 to 1989. He served as the President of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons in 1972.
The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) is a professional medical society based in Rosemont, Illinois. It was founded in 1969 and currently has a membership of around 2,400 foot and ankle orthopaedic surgeons. The society provides education, research, grants, and other services to the general public and orthopaedic doctors, allied health practitioners, and researchers specializing in orthopaedic foot and ankle medicine and surgery. The organization also operates its own peer-reviewed journal, Foot & Ankle International.
Jon L. Belsher is an American physician and executive. He is the incumbent president and chief executive officer of UCI Medical Affiliates. Belsher has also served as an advance representative for the White House during the Bush administration. Previously, he was a chief medical officer of MedSpring.
References
- ↑ Doctor.com. "Dr. Donald E. Baxter, MD - Houston, TX - Orthopedic Surgeon". Doctor.com. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
- 1 2 3 "Notable Alumni". Mercer University. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
- 1 2 "Baxter's Nerve Entrapment | Athletic Orthopedics & Knee Center | Sports Medicine Care Houston, TX". www.aokc.net. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
- ↑ "Donald E. Baxter (1985) - Hall of Fame". Mercer University Athletics. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
- ↑ Doctor.com. "Dr. Donald E. Baxter, MD - Houston, TX - Orthopedic Surgeon". Doctor.com. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
- 1 2 "Dr. Donald Baxter, MD – Houston, TX | Orthopaedic Surgery on Doximity". Doximity. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
- ↑ "June 2014 - Absolutely Memorial Magazine by absolutely! Memorial Magazine - Issuu". issuu.com. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
- ↑ "History". AOFAS. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
- ↑ Baxter, Donald E.; Porter, David A.; Schon, Lew (2008-01-01). Baxter's the Foot and Ankle in Sport. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-0-323-02358-0.
- ↑ Mann, Roger A.; Baxter, Donald E.; Lutter, Lowell L. (1981). "Editorial". Foot & Ankle. 1 (4): 189. doi: 10.1177/107110078100100401 . ISSN 0198-0211. S2CID 208872905.
- ↑ Lillich, James S.; Baxter, Donald E. (1986). "Common Forefoot Problems in Runners". Foot & Ankle. 7 (3): 145–151. doi:10.1177/107110078600700302. ISSN 0198-0211. PMID 2879780. S2CID 26284416.
- ↑ Kennedy, John G.; Baxter, Donald E. (2008). "Nerve Disorders in Dancers". Clinics in Sports Medicine. 27 (2): 329–334. doi:10.1016/j.csm.2008.01.001. ISSN 0278-5919. PMID 18346547.
- ↑ "NCAA News Archive - Briefly in the News". ncaanewsarchive.s3.amazonaws.com. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
- ↑ Columbia College (Columbia University). Office of Alumni Affairs and Development; Columbia College (Columbia University) (1990). Columbia College today. Columbia University Libraries. New York, N.Y. : Columbia College, Office of Alumni Affairs and Development.