Donald Redelmeier, M.D., M.S., FRCPC, FACP is a Canadian internist, the Canada Research Chair in Medical Decision Sciences and a Professor of Medicine at the University of Toronto. He is most well known for a seminal New England Journal of Medicine paper in 1997 connecting cellphone use and motor vehicle accidents, which has led to laws banning the use of cellphones while driving across the world. [1] He is also known for his work on the peak–end rule and duration neglect. A recent publication showing an increased rate of motor vehicle accidents in patients who refuse vaccination was featured on media outlets around the world. [2]
Donald Redelmeier attended the University of Toronto Schools in Toronto for high school and completed his undergraduate degree in mathematics and physics at the University of Toronto. He completed medical school at the University of Toronto, graduating with a MD in 1984. [3] He completed his internal medicine residency at Stanford University Medical Center in 1987 and a master of science in health services research at Stanford University as a Robert Wood Johnson Scholar in 1989. [4]
He returned to the University of Toronto as a general internist at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre in 1989. He is a full-status scientist at the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences and he has published over 200 peer-reviewed publications with over 50,000 citations on his work. Other notable publications include "Mortality among patients admitted to hospitals on weekends as compared with weekdays" (NEJM 2001), “Survival in Academy Award-winning actors and actresses” (Ann Intern Med. 2001), and “Physician warnings for unfit drivers and the risk of trauma from a road crash” (NEJM 2012). [5] His work on decision sciences, including a NEJM paper in 1990 on the effect of cognitive biases can affect physician decision making, has been featured in books such as Deep Medicine by Eric Topol.
A physician, medical practitioner, medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through the study, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments. Physicians may focus their practice on certain disease categories, types of patients, and methods of treatment—known as specialities—or they may assume responsibility for the provision of continuing and comprehensive medical care to individuals, families, and communities—known as general practice. Medical practice properly requires both a detailed knowledge of the academic disciplines, such as anatomy and physiology, underlying diseases and their treatment—the science of medicine—and also a decent competence in its applied practice—the art or craft of medicine.
Internal medicine, also known as general internal medicine in Commonwealth nations, is a medical specialty for medical doctors focused on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of internal diseases. Medical practitioners of internal medicine are referred to as internists, or physicians in Commonwealth nations. Internists possess specialized skills in managing patients with undifferentiated or multi-system disease processes. They provide care to both hospitalized (inpatient) and ambulatory (outpatient) patients and often contribute significantly to teaching and research. Internists are qualified physicians who have undergone postgraduate training in internal medicine, and should not be confused with "interns”, a term commonly used for a medical doctor who has obtained a medical degree but does not yet have a license to practice medicine unsupervised.
The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) is a weekly medical journal published by the Massachusetts Medical Society. It is among the most prestigious peer-reviewed medical journals as well as the oldest continuously published one.
Aaron Temkin Beck was an American psychiatrist who was a professor in the department of psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania. He is regarded as the father of cognitive therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). His pioneering methods are widely used in the treatment of clinical depression and various anxiety disorders. Beck also developed self-report measures for depression and anxiety, notably the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), which became one of the most widely used instruments for measuring the severity of depression. In 1994 he and his daughter, psychologist Judith S. Beck, founded the nonprofit Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavior Therapy, which provides CBT treatment and training, as well as research. Beck served as President Emeritus of the organization up until his death.
Neuropsychological assessment was traditionally carried out to assess the extent of impairment to a particular skill and to attempt to determine the area of the brain which may have been damaged following brain injury or neurological illness. With the advent of neuroimaging techniques, location of space-occupying lesions can now be more accurately determined through this method, so the focus has now moved on to the assessment of cognition and behaviour, including examining the effects of any brain injury or neuropathological process that a person may have experienced.
Health psychology is the study of psychological and behavioral processes in health, illness, and healthcare. The discipline is concerned with understanding how psychological, behavioral, and cultural factors contribute to physical health and illness. Psychological factors can affect health directly. For example, chronically occurring environmental stressors affecting the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, cumulatively, can harm health. Behavioral factors can also affect a person's health. For example, certain behaviors can, over time, harm or enhance health. Health psychologists take a biopsychosocial approach. In other words, health psychologists understand health to be the product not only of biological processes but also of psychological, behavioral, and social processes.
A primary care physician (PCP) is a physician who provides both the first contact for a person with an undiagnosed health concern as well as continuing care of varied medical conditions, not limited by cause, organ system, or diagnosis. The term is primarily used in the United States. In the past, the equivalent term was 'general practitioner' in the US; however in the United Kingdom and other countries the term general practitioner is still used. With the advent of nurses as PCPs, the term PCP has also been expanded to denote primary care providers.
The pneumonia severity index (PSI) or PORT Score is a clinical prediction rule that medical practitioners can use to calculate the probability of morbidity and mortality among patients with community acquired pneumonia.
David Lawrence Sackett was an American-Canadian physician and a pioneer in evidence-based medicine. He is known as one of the fathers of Evidence-Based Medicine. He founded the first department of clinical epidemiology in Canada at McMaster University, and the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. He is well known for his textbooks Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine.
Vimla Lodhia Patel is a Fijian-born Canadian cognitive psychologist and biomedical informaticist.
John E. "Jack" Wennberg is the pioneer and leading researcher of unwarranted variation in the healthcare industry. In four decades of work, Wennberg has documented the geographic variation in the healthcare that patients receive in the United States. In 1988, he founded the Center for the Evaluative Clinical Sciences at Dartmouth Medical School to address that unwarranted variation in healthcare.
Donald S. Kornfeld is an American psychiatrist best known for his work on psychiatric issues associated with medical practice. This subspecialty is known as Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry or Psychosomatic Medicine.
Duration neglect is the psychological observation that people's judgments of the unpleasantness of painful experiences depend very little on the duration of those experiences. Multiple experiments have found that these judgments tend to be affected by two factors: the peak and how quickly the pain diminishes. If it diminishes more slowly, the experience is judged to be less painful. Hence, the term "peak–end rule" describes this process of evaluation.
Ian Robertson is a Scottish neuroscientist and clinical psychologist, and Professor of Psychology at Trinity College Dublin. He is also known as a leading researcher as to how an individual may harness the attention system of one's mind to enhance autonomy over emotions and cognitive function.
Eli Moschcowitz was an American doctor best known for his role in discovering thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), which was originally called "Moschcowitz syndrome". He is also known for having an early role in the development of psychosomatic medicine.
ICES is an independent, non-profit corporation that applies the study of health informatics for health services research and population-wide health outcomes research in Ontario, Canada, using data collected through the routine administration of Ontario's system of publicly funded health care.
Zack Zdenek Cernovsky was a Canadian psychologist. He was a professor of psychiatry in the Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry at the University of Western Ontario. He was educated at the University of Berne and the University of Zurich, and taught overseas classes for the University of Maryland before joining the faculty of the University of Western Ontario. His more than 180 scientific publications in psychology and psychiatry deal with topics such as the MMPI, schizophrenia, psychological statistics and research design, sleep disorders, PTSD symptoms in refugees, the frequent psychological polytraumatic symptom pattern encountered in survivors of motor vehicle accidents, and assessments of subjective psychological symptoms of whiplash injury, as a part of medical psychology.
Arthur Jay Moss was an American cardiologist.
Edward Harold Kass was an American physician, medical school professor, medical researcher in infectious diseases, medical journal editor, and historian of medicine. He is known for his research on toxic shock syndrome and urinary tract infections.
Jeffrey M. Lackner is an American clinical psychologist, educator, and researcher at the University at Buffalo (UB). He currently serves as a professor in the Department of Medicine at UB's Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. As chief of its Division of Behavioral Medicine, Lackner oversees a division whose clinical, research, and educational activities focus on the interplay of medicine and behavior as they impact chronic disease. Founded in 1994, the division's clinical arm provides evidence-based treatment for patients with painful medical disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), nonspecific back pain, chronic pelvic pain in males and females; chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome in males), fibromyalgia, non-cardiac chest pain, temporomandibular joint disorder, benign headaches like tension-type and migraines. Academically, he is known as an expert on low-intensity behavioral self-management approaches for high-impact pain disorders. Lackner has been devoted to improving the methodological rigor of behavioral trials and developing clinical innovations that have impacted the lives of many underserved people.