Related Research Articles
A national human rights institution (NHRI) is an independent state-based institution with the responsibility to broadly protect and promote human rights in a given country. The growth of such bodies has been encouraged by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR),which has provided advisory and support services,and facilitated access for NHRIs to the United Nations (UN) treaty bodies and other committees. There are over one hundred such institutions,about two-thirds assessed by peer review as compliant with the United Nations standards set out in the Paris Principles. Compliance with the Principles is the basis for accreditation at the UN,which,uniquely for NHRIs,is not conducted directly by a UN body but by a sub-committee of the Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions (GANHRI) called the Sub-Committee on Accreditation. The secretariat to the review process is provided by the National Institutions and Regional Mechanisms Section of the OHCHR.
The Human Rights Commission is the national human rights institution (NHRI) for New Zealand. It operates as an independent Crown entity,and is independent from direction by the Cabinet.
Nuala Patricia O'Loan,Baroness O'Loan,DBE,known between 2007 and 2009 as Dame Nuala O'Loan,is a noted public figure in Northern Ireland. She was the first Police Ombudsman from 1999 to 2007. In July 2009,it was announced that she was to be appointed to the House of Lords and she was so appointed in September 2009. In December 2010,National University of Ireland,Maynooth appointed her as Chairman of its Governing Authority. She is a columnist with The Irish Catholic.
A human rights commission,also known as a human relations commission,is a body set up to investigate,promote or protect human rights.
AndréMarin is a lawyer who served as Ontario ombudsman from 2005 to 2015.
Shaista Shameem,a Fijian lawyer,the director of the Fiji Human Rights Commission (FHRC) from 2002 to 2007,and its director and chairperson from 2007 to 2009. A graduate of the University of the South Pacific,she holds a PhD in Sociology from the University of Waikato and a Masters in Law from the University of Auckland. She also holds a Doctorate in Juridical Science.
The Davao Death Squad (DDS) is a vigilante group in Davao City. The group is alleged to have conducted summary executions of street children and individuals suspected of petty crimes and drug dealing. It has been estimated that the group is responsible for the killing or disappearance of between 1,020 and 1,040 people between 1998 and 2008. As early as 2005,the US State Department had received reports of the Human Rights Commission's (HRC) investigation regarding the alleged connection of the Duterte political dynasty of Davao to the killings. Investigations by Human Rights Watch and the Philippine Commission of Human Rights (CHR) followed. The 2009 report by the CHR noted stonewalling by local police under Duterte while a leaked cable observed a lack of public outrage among Davao residents.
Armen Harutyunyan is the former ombudsman of Armenia and Regional Representative of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights in Central Asia. He took office in February 2011. In 2015,he was elected Judge at the European Court of Human Rights and is a judge since 17 December 2015. Armen Harutyunyan is the author of more than 70 scientific works. He is married and has two children.
The Commission on Human Rights (CHR) is an independent constitutional office created under the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines,with the primary function of investigating all forms of human rights violations involving civil and political rights in the Philippines.
The constitutional organizations of Thailand are executive branch agencies of the Government of Thailand,that exist and function outside the Cabinet Ministries of Thailand.
An ombudsman,ombudsperson,ombud,ombuds,or public advocate is an official who is usually appointed by the government or by parliament but with a significant degree of independence. In some countries,an inspector general,citizen advocate or other official may have duties similar to those of a national ombudsman and may also be appointed by a legislature. Below the national level,an ombudsman may be appointed by a state,local,or municipal government. Unofficial ombudsmen may be appointed by,or even work for,a corporation such as a utility supplier,newspaper,NGO,or professional regulatory body.
The Republic of Vanuatu is a parliamentary democracy with a population of approximately 260,000. The Constitution of Vanuatu is supreme law and sets out the legal framework which deals with the respect of human rights.
A children's ombudsman,children's commissioner,youth commissioner,child advocate,children's commission,youth ombudsman or equivalent body is a public authority in various countries charged with the protection and promotion of the rights of children and young people,either in society at large,or in specific categories such as children in contact with the care system. The agencies usually have a substantial degree of independence from the executive,and generally operate as specialised ombudsman offices or national human rights institutions,dealing with individual complaints,intervening with other public authorities,conducting research,and –where their mandate permits them to engage in advocacy –generally promoting children's rights in public policy,law and practice. The first children's commissioner was established in Norway in 1981. The creation of such institutions has been promoted by the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child,and,from 1990 onwards,by the Council of Europe.
Nadia Alejandra Cruz Tarifa is a Bolivian lawyer serving as the acting ombudsman of Bolivia since 2019. Elected following the resignation of David Tezanos Pinto,Cruz's mandate was initially set to last ninety days,but the issue of electing a new ombudsman remained stalled in the legislature for more than three years,with the process being reinitiated in 2022. Prior to serving as ombudsman,Cruz worked as a lawyer and human rights professional,serving in various posts at the Ombudsman's Office between 2011 and 2014 and 2016 and 2019.
Nkechi Amare Diallo is an American former college instructor and activist known for presenting herself as a black woman despite having been born to white parents. The name "Doležal" is of Czech origin. In addition to falsely claiming black ancestry,she also falsely claimed Native American descent. She is also a former National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) chapter president.
The European Network of National Human Rights Institutions (ENNHRI) is a membership international not-for-profit association (AISBL) under Belgian law. In 2013 it established its Permanent Secretariat in Brussels bringing together National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) from across the wider European region. Formerly known as European Group of National Human Rights Institutions,ENNHRI has been actively working in the field of promotion and protection of human rights in wider Europe for 15 years. ENNHRI essentially assists in the establishment and accreditation of European NHRIs,coordinates the exchange of information and best practices among its members,facilitates capacity building and training,engages with international and regional mechanisms for protection and promotion of human right and intervenes on legal and policy developments in Europe.
Yésica Sánchez Maya is a human rights attorney who works in Oaxaca,Mexico. In 2003,she began serving as president of the Mexican League for the Defense of Human Rights (LIMEDDH) in Oaxaca. In 2006,when a teacher's strike erupted in Oaxaca she was threatened for defending clients and an arrest warrant was issued when she spoke out about the violence and human rights abuses the state was engaging in. In 2008,she left LIMEDDH and founded the Consortium for Parliamentary Dialogue and Equality,for which she serves as Deputy Director,and works on a wide variety of issues including economic and politic inequality,femicide,education,and other human rights issues. She has testified at a hearing by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights about violence against women in the region,sexual minorities,and indigenous women,including the Mixe and has attended hearings and presented reports to both the United Nations and the Organization of American States regarding forced disappearances,torture,and violence against women. In 2011,Sánchez Maya and other human rights activists were able to pressure Oaxacan legislators to pass Law for the Defense of Human Rights to limit state intimidation and protect citizen's rights. In 2012,she sought the office of state Ombudsman for the Defence of Human Rights of the People of Oaxaca (DDHPO) and had the support of NGOs and citizens,but the appointment went to Arturo Peimbert. Sánchez Maya has been vocal in criticism of the ombudsman for failure to implement the Victims Act and convene the Committee of Victims. In 2015,Sánchez Maya was advocating for laws to protect journalists and human rights defenders from threats and violence. She stated that this year,the number of incidents has risen markedly.
Mathilda Twomey is a Seychellois lawyer and academic. She is the first female judge in the history of Seychelles and also the first woman to be appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Seychelles.
Virginia H. Fraser was an American activist for human rights,women's rights,and elder rights. She was the Long-Term Care Ombudsman for the state of Colorado for more than two decades. She co-wrote several works on nursing home care and eldercare. She was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame in 2002.
Alejandra Mora Mora is a Costa Rican jurist,lawyer,professor,and politician. She has been a human rights activist,especially in the area of women's rights. She served as her country's Minister of Women's Affairs from 2014 to 2018,was president of the National Institute for Woman (INAMU),and director of the women's section of the Ombudsman's Office of Costa Rica.
References
- ↑ "The Seychelles Legal Environment - Ombudsman". Archived from the original on 16 May 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
- ↑ "Latest Constitutional Appointments". Bar Association of Seychelles. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
- ↑ "National Human Rights Commission sworn into office". State House - Office of the President of the Republic of Seychelles. Retrieved 15 February 2016.