| JD-2 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Role | Sports plane |
| Manufacturer | Warsaw University of Technology workshops |
| Designer | Jerzy Drzewiecki |
| First flight | October 5, 1926 |
| Introduction | 1927 |
| Retired | 1936 |
| Primary user | Poland |
| Number built | 5 |
The JD-2 was a Polish sports plane of 1926. It was the first sports plane designed in Poland, that was built in a small series.
The JD-2 was the first aircraft constructed by the Aviation Section of the Mechanic Students' Club of the Warsaw University of Technology (later a home of the RWD design team). The main designer was Jerzy Drzewiecki, hence a designation JD. The aircraft was designed in late 1925, around an available Anzani engine. [1] It was the only plane of Drzewiecki's individual design and to carry JD designation, as he later worked as a member of the RWD team.
The prototype, with a workshop number SL-4, was built in 1926 and first flown on October 5, 1926 in Warsaw. During landing, a fuel pipe broke and the aircraft burned, injuring the military pilot Kazimierz Kalina. The pilot, however, expressed a good opinion on its handling, so the second modified aircraf(SL-6) t was bui6), and one more airframe for static trials (SL-5). [1]
The second prototype SL-6 was flown on June 26, 1927. Its handling was however not too good, it was also 90 kg heavier, than estimated. It was given a registration P-PSLA, from 1929: SP-ACA. [1]
In 1929 two more aircraft of an improved variant, the JD-2bis were built for aero clubs, with a financial help of LOPP paramilitary organization. It had changed fuselage front, wing tips and a tail fin (SL-14 and 15, registration numbers: SP-ACD and ACF). In 1930 there was built one more JD-2bis (SL-20, SP-ADP). It was later fitted with a stronger radial engine 80 hp Armstrong Siddeley Genet. [1]
The second JD-2 (SP-ACA) was used by the Warsaw Aero Club. Flown by Kazimierz Kalina, it won in the 1st Polish Light Aircraft Contest in October 1929, and flown by Worledge it took the 7th place in the 2nd Contest the following year. [1] In 1929 it was bought by a private owner Pawłowski, who crashed it that year. Next it was repaired and bought by Captain Zbigniew Babiński, who used it for touring flying - by 1931 the plane visited 225 airfields, evident from inscriptions on its fuselage. The plane was written off in August 1935. [1]
The JD-2bis SP-ACD was built for Lwów Academic Aero Club and it crashed on 18 August 1930 in Lwów, injuring a pilot M. Pakuła. The other one, SP-ACF, built for Warsaw Academic Aero Club, crashed on 16 March 1930, killing pilot K. Trzetrzewiński. [1]
The last JD-2bis, SP-ADP, nicknamed "Adepcia" (a female name created from its registration letters), was built for the aviator Witold Rychter. In September–October 1930 Ignacy Giedgowd flying it, took the 3rd place in the 3rd Polish Light Aircraft Contest. It was written off in August 1936. [1]
The Ministry of Communication planned to build 10 aircraft for regional aero clubs, also Poznań and Cracov Aero Clubs planned to order JD-2bis, but these planes were not realized. [1] JD-2bis was a difficult to fly machine, with low stability, it was however liked by some pilots.
The JD-2 was a wooden construction low-wing braced monoplane, conventional in layout, with open cockpits. A fuselage was rectangular in cross-section, plywood-covered. In the JD-2bis, the fuselage was aluminium covered in an engine section. Wings were two-piece, rectangular with straight tips, two-spar, covered with canvas and plywood (in front section), supported with twin struts. Conventional empennage, covered with plywood (fins) and canvas (elevators and rudder). Two open cockpits in tandem, with individual windshields and twin controls. A safety cage of steel pipes was above the front cockpit (JD-2) or before the front cockpit (JD-2bis). It had a fixed conventional landing gear, sprung with a rubber rope, with a common axle and a rear skid.
45 hp (34 kW) 6-cylinder Anzani radial engine in front, air-cooled. Two-blade fixed wooden propeller Szomański. A fuel tank was in a fuselage front. Cruise fuel consumption 17 L/h. [1]
Data from Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939 [1]
General characteristics
Performance
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
The RWD 6 was a Polish sports plane of 1932, constructed by the RWD team. It was a winner of the Challenge 1932 international tourist aircraft contest.
The RWD 5 was a Polish touring and sports plane of 1931, a two-seat high-wing monoplane, constructed by the RWD team. It was made famous by its transatlantic flight, being the smallest aircraft to cross the Atlantic.
The RWD 7 was a Polish sports plane of 1931, constructed by the RWD team.
The LWS-2 was the Polish air ambulance aircraft prototype, designed in the late-1930s in the LWS factory.
The RWD 4 was a Polish sports plane of 1930, constructed by the RWD team.
The RWD 2 was a 1929 Polish single-engine high-wing monoplane sports plane constructed by the RWD team.
The RWD 3 was a 1930 Polish sports aircraft and liaison aircraft prototype, constructed by the RWD team, a single-engine high-wing monoplane.
The RWD 1 was a Polish sports plane of 1928, a single-engine high-wing monoplane constructed by the RWD design team.
The RWD-10 was a Polish aerobatics sports plane, single-seat parasol wing monoplane, used from 1933 to 1939 and constructed by the RWD team.
The RWD 17 was a Polish aerobatics-trainer aircraft of 1937, parasol wing monoplane, constructed by the RWD team.
The WZ.X was the Polish reconnaissance aircraft designed in the mid-1920s and manufactured in the Centralne Warsztaty Lotnicze (CWL) - Central Aviation Workshops in Warsaw. It was the first combat aircraft of own design built in Poland, in a small series.
The RWD 9 was a Polish sports plane of 1934, constructed by the RWD team.
The RWD-16 was a Polish two-seat low-wing sports plane of 1936, constructed by the RWD team, that remained a prototype.
The RWD 16bis and RWD 21 were Polish two-seat low-wing touring and sports planes of the late 1930s, constructed by the RWD bureau, sharing the same construction, main difference of the RWD 21 being a stronger engine.
The RWD-19 was a Polish two-seat low-wing sports aircraft of 1938, constructed by the RWD bureau.
The PWS-50,(PWS - Podlaska Wytwórnia Samolotów - Podlasie Aircraft Factory), was a prototype Polish single-engine mid-wing monoplane sports aircraft of 1930, constructed by Podlaska Wytwórnia Samolotów.
The PWS-6, was a Polish liaison aircraft, developed in 1930 by the PWS, that remained a prototype.
The PWS-11 was a Polish aerobatic and trainer aircraft, developed in 1928-1929 by PWS, which remained a prototype.
The PWS 3 was a Polish sport aircraft, developed in 1927 by PWS, which remained a prototype.
The Rogalski and Wigura R.W.1 was designed and built by a pair of students at Warsaw Technical University in 1927. The single example was a two-seat parasol-wing monoplane which entered two national competitions, served the Warsaw Academic Aeroclub and also towed an advertising banner.
