| Paul Laurence Dunbar High School | |
|---|---|
| Location | |
 | |
United States | |
| Coordinates | 34°43′56″N92°17′11″W / 34.7323°N 92.2863°W |
| Information | |
| Former name | Negro School for Industrial Arts |
| Type | Public |
| Established | 1929 |
| Closed | 1955 |
Paul Laurence Dunbar High School and Junior College was a school for black students in Little Rock, Arkansas before integration.
In 1929, the Rosenwald Fund provided the seed money to build a school for African-American children in Little Rock at the corner of Wright Avenue and Ringo Street, one of 338 Rosenwald Schools built in Arkansas. Prior to its opening, there were 5 elementary schools and one high school (M. W. Gibbs at 18th and Ringo, named after local judge Mifflin Wistar Gibbs), but part of Gibbs had been destroyed in a fire [1] and of insufficient size for the community. [1]
The school opened under the name Negro School for Industrial Arts, but the local population wanted it to be a college preparatory school rather than a school that only prepared students for the labor force. With this in mind, the school was renamed Paul Laurence Dunbar High School after black author Paul Dunbar. The building project cost $400,000, of which $67,000 came from the Rosenwald Foundation, $30,000 from the school board, and the rest from local citizens. In contrast, the supposedly "separate but equal" Little Rock Central High School was built in 1927 with $1.5 million in funds provided entirely by the school board. Dunbar was provided with textbooks after they were discarded from Central. Dunbar had 1/3 the number of classrooms and floor space, smaller faculty salaries, and no sports facilities. [1]
Dunbar closed as a high school and junior college in 1955 [2] when the schools were integrated, and was demoted to junior high status. [3] In 1980 the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places. [4]
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The Paul Laurence Dunbar School Neighborhood Historic District encompasses a historical neighborhood area of central Little Rock, Arkansas. Primarily developed between 1890 and 1915, the area was initially racially integrated, but had by the mid-1960s become predominantly African-American. It is anchored at the northern end by the Dunbar School campus, and extends south for 6-1/2 blocks along South Cross and South Ringo Streets. Prominent houses in the district include the Miller House, the Womack House, and the Scipio A. Jones House.
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African Americans have played an essential role in the history of Arkansas, but their role has often been marginalized as they confronted a society and polity controlled by white supremacists. During the slavery era to 1865, they were considered property and were subjected to the harsh conditions of forced labor. After the Civil War and the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Reconstuction Amendments to the U.S. Constitution, African Americans gained their freedom and the right to vote. However, the rise of Jim Crow laws in the 1890s and early 1900s led to a period of segregation and discrimination that lasted into the 1960s. Most were farmers, working their own property or poor sharecroppers on white-owned land, or very poor day laborers. By World War I, there was steady emigration from farms to nearby cities such as Little Rock and Memphis, as well as to St. Louis and Chicago.