Eastern Armenian verb table

Last updated

The following is an Eastern Armenian verb table. The Western Armenian verb table can be found here.

Contents

Conjugations

Affirmative/Interrogative

Type I/II

(This conjugation is termed "I/II" to coincide with historic/Western numbering, where there are still three distinct conjugations)

Note that traditional Armenian grammars use Aorist for Preterite and Optative for Subjunctive. In Armenian, gerunds / gerundives / converbs (verbal noun) are interchangeable with an English relative clause. For example,

նամակ գրող մարդը namak groġ mardə - The man who is writing a letter / The man writing a letter (there is only a present tense gerund in English)

նամակ գրած մարդը namak grac mardə - The man who has written a letter

մարդու գրելիք նամակը mardu grelik’ namakə - The letter that the man will write (roughly, "the man's will-be written letter")

Additionally, the synchronical gerund or present participle II denotes a simultaneous action. In other words, a concurrency between two verbs:

Ես վազելիս ընկա yes vazelis ənka - I fell while running

Note: the Conditional mood is sometimes labeled the Hypothetical mood; in the Necessative, պետք է petk’ ē is used as a stronger form of պիտի piti; and that resultive constructions are not moods. They convey a state as a result from a prior action. Compare:

նստում եմ nstum em, I am sitting down, and նստած եմ nstac em, I am sitting.

կառուցվում է kaṙuc’voum ē, it is getting built, and կառուցված է kaṙuc’vac ē, it is built.

Indicative
 PresentImperfectPreterite / AoristFuturePerfectPluperfectFuture Perfect
SingularPluralSingularPluralSingularPluralSingularPluralSingularPluralSingularPluralSingularPlural
1st personսիրում եմ

sirum em

սիրում ենք

sirum enk’

սիրում էի

sirum ēi

սիրում էինք

sirum ēink’

սիրեցի

sirec’i

սիրեցինք

sirec’ink’

սիրելու եմ

sirelu em

սիրելու ենք

sirelu enk’

սիրել եմ

sirel em

սիրել ենք

sirel enk’

սիրել էի

sirel ēi

սիրել էինք

sirel ēink’

սիրելու էի

sirelu ēi

սիրելու էինք

sirelu ēink’

2nd personսիրում ես

sirum es

սիրում եք

sirum ek’

սիրում էիր

sirum ēir

սիրում էիք

sirum ēik’

սիրեցիր

sirec’ir

սիրեցիք

sirec’ik’

սիրելու ես

sirelu es

սիրելու եք

sirelu ek’

սիրել ես

sirel es

սիրել եք

sirel ek’

սիրել էիր

sirel ēir

սիրել էիք

sirel ēik’

սիրելու էիր

sirelu ēir

սիրելու էիք

sirelu ēik’

3rd personսիրում է

sirum ē

սիրում են

sirum en

սիրում էր

sirum ēr

սիրում էին

sirum ēin

սիրեց

sirec’

սիրեցին

sirec’in

սիրելու է

sirelu ē

սիրելու են

sirelu en

սիրել է

sirel ê

սիրել են

sirel en

սիրել էր

sirel ēr

սիրել էին

sirel ēin

սիրելու էր

sirelu ēr

սիրելու էին

sirelu ēin

Subjunctive / OptativeConditional / Hypothetical
 FutureFuture PerfectFuture IFuture Perfect IFuture IIFuture Perfect II
SingularPluralSingularPluralSingularPluralSingularPluralSingularPluralSingularPlural
1st personսիրեմ

sirem

սիրենք

sirenk’

սիրեի

sirei

սիրեինք

sireink’

կսիրեմ

ksirem

կսիրենք

ksirenk’

կսիրեի

ksirei

կսիրեինք

ksireink’

սիրած կլինեմ

sirac klinem

սիրած կլինենք

sirac klinenk’

սիրած կլինեի

sirac klinei

սիրած կլինեինք

sirac klineink’

2nd personսիրես

sires

սիրեք

sirek’

սիրեիր

sireir

սիրեիք

sireik’

կսիրես

ksires

կսիրեք

ksirek’

կսիրեիր

ksireir

կսիրեիք

ksireik’

սիրած կլինես

sirac klines

սիրած կլինեք

sirac klinek’

սիրած կլինեեիր

sirac klineir

սիրած կլինեիք

sirac klineik’

3rd personսիրի

siri

սիրեն

siren

սիրեր

sirer

սիրեին

sirein

կսիրի

ksiri

կսիրեն

ksiren

կսիրեր

ksirer

կսիրեին

ksirein

սիրած կլինի

sirac klini

սիրած կլինեն

sirac klinen

սիրած կլիներ

sirac kliner

սիրած կլինեին

sirac klinein

 NecessetativeImperativeResultive
 Future IFuture Perfect IFuture IIFuture Perfect IIPresentPresentPresent
SingularPluralSingularPluralSingularPluralSingularPluralSingularPluralSingularPluralSingularPlural
1st personպիտի սիրեմ

piti sirem

պիտի սիրենք

piti sirenk’

պիտի սիրեի

piti sirei

պիտի սիրեինք

piti sireink’

սիրած պիտի լինեմ

sirac piti linem

սիրած պիտի լինենք

sirac piti linenk’

սիրած պիտի լինեի

sirac piti linei

սիրած պիտի լինեինք

sirac piti lineink’

սիրած եմ

sirac em

սիրած ենք

sirac enk’

սիրած էի

sirac ēi

սիրած էինք

sirac ēink’

2nd personպիտի սիրես

piti sires

պիտի սիրեք

piti sirek’

պիտի սիրեիր

piti sireir

սիրեիք

piti sireik’

սիրած պիտի լինես

sirac piti lines

սիրած պիտի լինեք

sirac piti linek’

սիրած պիտի լինեիր

sirac piti lineir

սիրած պիտի լինեիք

sirac piti lineik’

սիրի՛ր

sirir!

սիրեցե՛ք

sirec’ek’!

սիրած ես

sirac es

սիրած եք

sirac ek’

սիրած էիր

sirac ēir

սիրած եիք

sirac ēik’

3rd personպիտի սիրի

piti siri

պիտի սիրեն

piti siren

պիտի սիրեր

piti sirer

պիտի սիրեին

piti sirein

սիրած պիտի լինի

sirac piti lini

սիրած պիտի լինեն

sirac piti linen

սիրած պիտի լիներ

sirac piti liner

սիրած պիտի լինեին

sirac piti linein

սիրած է

sirac ē

սիրած են

sirac en

սիրած էր

sirac ēr

սիրած եին

sirac ēin

Verbals
Infinitiveսիրել

sirel

Passive Infinitiveսիրվել

sirvel

Present Gerundսիրող

siroġ

Present Participleսիրում

sirum

Synchronal Gerundսիրելիս

sirelis

Past Participleսիրել

sirel

Past Gerundսիրած

sirac

Future Participleսիրելու

sirelu

Future Gerundսիրելիք sirelik’

Type III

(This conjugation is termed "III" (instead of "II") to coincide with historic/Western numbering, where there are still three distinct conjugations)

 Indicative


Present

ImperfectPreteriteFuture
1sg


2sg
3sg
1pl
2pl
3pl

yes


du
na
menk'
duk'
nrank'

kardum em


kardum es
kardum ê
kardum enk'
kardum ek'
kardum en

kardum êi


kardum êir
kardum êr
kardum êink'
kardum êik'
kardum êin

kardac'i


kardac'ir
kardac'
kardac'ink'
kardac'ik'
kardac'in

kardalu yem


kardalu yes
kardalu ê
kardalu yenk'
kardalu yek'
kardalu yen

 
 PerfectPluperfectFut. Perfect
1sg


2sg
3sg
1pl
2pl
3pl

kardac'el em


kardac'el es
kardac'el ê
kardac'el enk'
kardac'el ek'
kardac'el en

kardac'el êi


kardac'el êir
kardac'el êr
kardac'el êink'
kardac'el êik'
kardac'el êin

kardalu êi


kardalu êir
kardalu êr
kardalu êink'
kardalu êik'
kardalu êin

 
 Optative


Non-Past

PastConditional


Non-Past

Past
1sg


2sg
3sg
1pl
2pl
3pl

kardam


kardas
karda
kardank'
kardak'
kardan

kardayi


kardayir
kardar
kardayink'
kardayik'
kardayin

kkardam


kkardas
kkarda
kkardank'
kkardak'
kkardan

kkardayi


kkardayir
kkardar
kkardayink'
kkardayik'
kkardayin

 
 Jussive


Non-Past

PastImperative


 

1sg


2sg
3sg
1pl
2pl
3pl

piti kardam


piti kardas
piti karda
piti kardank'
piti kardak'
piti kardan

piti kardayi


piti kardayir
piti kardar
piti kardayink'
piti kardayik'
piti kardayin

 


karda!
 
 
kardac'ek'!
 

 
Infinitive


Gerund
Present Participle I


Present Participle II
Past Act. Participle
Past Pass. Participle
Future Participle

kardal (to read)


kardac'ogh
kardum
kardalis
kardac'el
kardac'ac
kardalu

Negative

Type I

Note: the formation of the negative is the same for all conjugations. The examples below are based on the first conjugation.

 Indicative


Present

ImperfectPreteriteFuture
1sg


2sg
3sg
1pl
2pl
3pl

yes


du
na
menk'
duk'
nrank'

ch'em sirum


ch'es sirum
ch'i sirum
ch'enk' sirum
ch'ek' sirum
ch'en sirum

ch'êi sirum


ch'êir sirum
ch'êr sirum
ch'êink' sirum
ch'êik' sirum
ch'êin sirum

ch'sirec'i


ch'sirec'ir


ch'sirec'
ch'sirec'ink'
ch'sirec'ik'
ch'sirec'in

ch'em sirelu


ch'es sirelu
ch'i sirelu
ch'enk' sirelu
ch'ek' sirelu
ch'en sirelu

 
 PerfectPluperfectFut. Perfect
1sg


2sg
3sg
1pl
2pl
3pl

ch'em sirel


ch'es sirel
ch'i sirel
ch'enk' sirel
ch'ek' sirel
ch'en sirel

ch'êi sirel


ch'êir sirel
ch'êr sirel
ch'êink' sirel
ch'êik' sirel
ch'êin sirel

ch'êi sirelu


ch'êir sirelu
ch'êr sirelu
ch'êink' sirelu
ch'êik' sirelu
ch'êin sirelu

 
 Optative


Non-Past

PastConditional


Non-Past

Past
1sg


2sg
3sg
1pl
2pl
3pl

ch'sirem


ch'sires
ch'siri
ch'sirenk'
ch'sirek'
ch'siren

ch'sirei


ch'sireir
ch'sirer
ch'sireink'
ch'sireik'
ch'sirein

ch'em siri


ch'es siri
ch'i siri
ch'enk' siri
ch'ek' siri
ch'en siri

ch'êi siri


ch'êir siri
ch'êr siri
ch'êink' siri
ch'êik' siri
ch'êin siri

 
 Jussive


Non-Past

PastImperative


 

1sg


2sg
3sg
1pl
2pl
3pl

*piti ch'sirem


piti ch'sires
piti ch'siri
piti ch'sirenk'
piti ch'sirek'
piti ch'siren

*piti ch'sirei


piti ch'sireir
piti ch'sirer
piti ch'sireink'
piti ch'sireik'
piti ch'sirein

 


mi sirir! ~ mi siri!
 
 
mi sirec'ek'! ~ mi sirek'!
 

 
Infinitive


Gerund
Present Participle I
Present Participle II
Past Act. Participle
Past Pass. Participle
Future Participle

ch'sirel (to not love)


ch'sirogh
ch'sirum
ch'sirelis
ch'sirel
ch'sirac
ch'sirelu

Note: the negative jussive forms may also be (in Eastern Armenian) ch'piti sirem, ch'piti sires, etc; ch'piti sirei, ch'piti sireir, etc.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grammatical conjugation</span> Creation of derived forms of a verb from its principal parts by inflection

In linguistics, conjugation is the creation of derived forms of a verb from its principal parts by inflection. For instance, the verb break can be conjugated to form the words break, breaks, broke, broken and breaking. While English has a relatively simple conjugation, other languages such as French and Arabic or Spanish are more complex, with each verb having dozens of conjugated forms. Some languages such as Georgian and Basque have highly complex conjugation systems with hundreds of possible conjugations for every verb.

In linguistics and grammar, conjugation has two basic meanings. One meaning is the creation of derived forms of a verb from basic forms, or principal parts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eastern Armenian</span> One of the two languages of the Armenian language family

Eastern Armenian is one of the two standardized forms of Modern Armenian, the other being Western Armenian. The two standards form a pluricentric language.

The verbal morphology of Armenian is complicated by the existence of two main dialects, Eastern and Western. The following sketch will be a comparative look at both dialects.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mari language</span> Uralic language

The Mari language, formerly known as the Cheremiss language, spoken by approximately 400,000 people, belongs to the Uralic language family. It is spoken primarily in the Mari Republic of the Russian Federation as well as in the area along the Vyatka river basin and eastwards to the Urals. Mari speakers, known as the Mari, are found also in the Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Udmurtia, and Perm regions.

In linguistics, a defective verb is a verb that either lacks a conjugated form or entails incomplete conjugation, and thus cannot be conjugated for certain grammatical tenses, aspects, persons, genders, or moods that the majority of verbs or a "normal" or regular verb in a particular language can be conjugated for. That is to say, a defective verb lacks forms that most verbs in a particular language have.

The continuous and progressive aspects are grammatical aspects that express incomplete action or state in progress at a specific time: they are non-habitual, imperfective aspects.

In Portuguese grammar, nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and articles are moderately inflected: there are two genders and two numbers. The case system of the ancestor language, Latin, has been lost, but personal pronouns are still declined with three main types of forms: subject, object of verb, and object of preposition. Most nouns and many adjectives can take diminutive or augmentative derivational suffixes, and most adjectives can take a so-called "superlative" derivational suffix. Adjectives usually follow their respective nouns.

The imperfect is a verb form that combines past tense and imperfective aspect. It can have meanings similar to the English "was walking" or "used to walk". It contrasts with preterite forms, which refer to a single completed event in the past.

In French, a verb is inflected to reflect its mood and tense, as well as to agree with its subject in person and number. Following the tradition of Latin grammar, the set of inflected forms of a French verb is called the verb's conjugation.

A nonfinite verb, in contrast to a finite verb, is a derivative form of a verb that lacks inflection (conjugation) for number or person. In the English language, the nonfinite verb cannot perform action as the main verb of an independent clause. Nonfinite verbs include infinitives, participles and gerunds. Nonfinite verb forms in some other languages include converbs, gerundives and supines. The categories of mood, tense, and or voice may be absent from non-finite verb forms in some languages.

In French grammar, verbs are a part of speech. Each verb lexeme has a collection of finite and non-finite forms in its conjugation scheme.

French conjugation refers to the variation in the endings of French verbs (inflections) depending on the person, tense and mood. Most verbs are regular and can be entirely determined by their infinitive form however irregular verbs require the knowledge of more than just the infinitive form known as the principal parts of which there are seven in French. With the knowledge of these seven principal parts of a verb one can conjugate almost all French verbs. However, a handful of verbs, including être, are highly irregular and the seven principal parts are not sufficient to conjugate the verb fully.

An inchoative verb, sometimes called an "inceptive" verb, shows a process of beginning or becoming. Productive inchoative affixes exist in several languages, including the suffixes present in Latin and Ancient Greek, and consequently some Romance languages. Not all verbs with inchoative suffixes have retained their inceptive meaning. In Italian, for example, present indicative finisco 'I finish' contains the form of the suffix, while present indicative finiamo 'we finish' does not, yet the only difference in meaning is that of person subject; the suffix is now semantically inert.

Unless otherwise indicated, Tigrinya verbs in this article are given in the usual citation form, the third person singular masculine perfect.

The Armenian orthography reform occurred between 1922 and 1924 in Soviet Armenia and was partially reviewed in 1940. Its main features were neutralization of classical etymological writing and the adjustment of phonetic realization and writing.

Romance verbs are the most inflected part of speech in the language family. In the transition from Latin to the Romance languages, verbs went through many phonological, syntactic, and semantic changes. Most of the distinctions present in classical Latin continued to be made, but synthetic forms were often replaced with more analytic ones. Other verb forms changed meaning, and new forms also appeared.

In linguistics, grammatical mood is a grammatical feature of verbs, used for signaling modality. That is, it is the use of verbal inflections that allow speakers to express their attitude toward what they are saying. The term is also used more broadly to describe the syntactic expression of modality – that is, the use of verb phrases that do not involve inflection of the verb itself.

This article deals with the grammar of the Udmurt language.

Portuguese verbs display a high degree of inflection. A typical regular verb has over fifty different forms, expressing up to six different grammatical tenses and three moods. Two forms are peculiar to Portuguese within the Romance languages: