Dr. Edit Schlaffer (born 25 September 1950 in Stegersbach, Burgenland, Austria), is a social scientist and the founder of Women Without Borders, based in Vienna, Austria. Her international efforts focus on grassroots, community-based female diplomacy, namely empowering women as agents of change and a critical driving force in stabilizing an insecure world. [1]
She and Cheryl Benard contributed the piece "Benevolent despotism versus the contemporary feminist movement" to the 1984 anthology Sisterhood Is Global: The International Women's Movement Anthology , edited by Robin Morgan. [2]
Schlaffer started Women without Borders in 2001, headquartered in Vienna, which partners with local organizations in various countries to implement a number of integrated projects that aim to strengthen capabilities through education, collaboration and self-confidence: key tools for establishing a female power base in countries in crisis and transition. [3]
In 2008 she launched the Sisters Against Violent Extremism (SAVE) campaign, focusing Women without Border's efforts to the security arena, organizing women (and men) internationally to take part in a research-based, family-centered counter-radicalization platform. [4] Schlaffer's work seeks to propagate a security paradigm in which women serve on the front lines; one in which women's talents, skills, and unique position within the family structure are used to shape a new security architecture. [3]
In implementing the SAVE platform, Schlaffer has partnered with organizations in 16 different countries including India (and Kashmir), Pakistan, Tajikistan, Indonesia, Zanzibar and Nigeria to set up "MotherSchools." These series of weekly training meetings, run by female community leaders, empower mothers with the competence and confidence to safeguard the young from the threat of violent extremism and the lure of radicalization. Furthermore, these meetings allow for collaboration, mutual support, and shared understanding. [3]
A regular contributor to various news outlets including Huffington Post [5] and Reuters Trust Law blogs, [6] Schlaffer's efforts and research focus on gender and counter-terrorism strategies, peace-building through dialogue, and examining the role of civil society in improving the security architecture. In 2013, Schlaffer, in collaboration with Dr. Ulrich Kropiunigg, conducted the first empirical research study into the potential of mothers to recognize early warning signs of radicalization in their sons and the needed tools to respond effectively. This study was supported by the Austrian Fund for Scientific Research. [7]
Additionally Schlaffer has produced a number of short films highlighting female change-makers as well as perpetrators and survivors of terrorist acts. Her recent film, Your Mother, features the testimonies of mothers of sons who harmed or intended to harm others in the name of Jihad. The film is used as an education tool to raise awareness in communities where radicalism is propagated. [3]
Schlaffer is a regular speaker in diverse settings: from TED talks, the Hedayah Center of Excellence, the Omega Institute, the Global Center on Cooperative Security, the Europe-wide Radicalisation Awareness Network to the OSCE and various United Nations branches. [8] Women without Borders under her leadership has been lauded by both government and independent agencies, particularly surrounding its efforts to empower women in combatting extremism as an alternative security strategy. In 2005 she was awarded the Kaethe Leichter Austrian State Prize for Gender Equality and Research. [9] In 2011 Schlaffer was named one of Newsweek ′s "150 Movers and Shakers" and in 2010 she was named "21 Leaders of the 21st Century" by Women's eNews. [10] Recently she was included on the Daily Beast ′s 2014 List of the World's Women of Consequence [11] and spoke at the 2014 Women of the World Summit at the Lincoln Center in New York about SAVE's work in galvanizing women and mothers to counter the increasing radicalization of youth. [12] In 2012 she spoke at TEDxWomen in Washington DC, alongside two members of SAVE's partner organizations in Pakistan and India promoting reconciliation and collaboration among groups of women with histories of political conflict. [13] Former Secretary Hillary Clinton has twice highlighted SAVE's contributions to the field. [14] Most recently Schlaffer was awarded the Aenne Burda Award for Creative Leadership at the 2015 Digital Life Design (DLD) Conference in Munich. [15]
Schlaffer currently serves as Civil Society Board Member for the Global Community Engagement and Resilience Fund (GCERF). [16] She was the former Director of the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Politics and Interpersonal Relations, Vienna (1980–2001), and Chairperson of the Austrian Foundation for World Population and International Cooperation (2004–11). She is also the co-author of a number of titles covering themes of politics and gender relationships published in German. She earned a doctorate in Communication Science and Sociology from the University of Vienna (1972) and completed psychoanalytical training at the Children's Hospital in Vienna (1986).
Schlaffer is married and has two children.
Robin Morgan is an American poet, writer, activist, journalist, lecturer and former child actor. Since the early 1960s, she has been a key radical feminist member of the American Women's Movement, and a leader in the international feminist movement. Her 1970 anthology Sisterhood Is Powerful was cited by the New York Public Library as "One of the 100 Most Influential Books of the 20th Century.". She has written more than 20 books of poetry, fiction, and nonfiction, and was editor of Ms. magazine.
Cheryl Benard is an American-Austrian writer and novelist as well as political and social scientist. She is the wife of Zalmay Khalilzad, former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, Afghanistan and Iraq. She and Khalilzad have two sons, Alexander Benard and Maximilian Benard.
Mahnaz Afkhami is an Iranian women's rights activist who served in the Cabinet of Iran from 1976 to 1978. She is founder and president of Women's Learning Partnership (WLP), executive director of the Foundation for Iranian Studies and former Minister of Women's Affairs in Iran's pre-Revolution government. She has lived in exile in the United States since 1979.
Radicalization is the process by which an individual or a group comes to adopt increasingly radical views in opposition to a political, social, or religious status quo. The ideas of society at large shape the outcomes of radicalization. Radicalization can result in both violent and nonviolent action – academic literature focuses on radicalization into violent extremism (RVE) or radicalisation leading to acts of terrorism. Multiple separate pathways can promote the process of radicalization, which can be independent but are usually mutually reinforcing.
Jytte Klausen is a Danish-born scholar of politics who teaches at Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts as the Lawrence A. Wien Professor of International Cooperation in the Department of Politics. Klausen has also served as an affiliate at the Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies at Harvard, among other positions.
Women without Borders is an international advocacy and research organization for women. It is based in Vienna, Austria, and works with international partner organizations around the world. Dr. Edit Schlaffer founded WwB in 2002 with the goal of empowering women as agents of change. The Women without Borders Executive Board includes the Austrian artist Xenia Hausner. Women without Borders is largely funded by various Austrian Ministries, the Austrian Research Fund, the EU, and the US State Department.
Daisy Khan is a Kashmiri-American Islamic campaigner, reformer, and executive director of the Women's Islamic Initiative in Spirituality and Equality (WISE), a women-led organization committed to peacebuilding, equality, and justice for Muslims around the world. Khan is a frequent media commentator on topics such as Muslim women's rights, Islam in America, Islamophobia, and violent extremism. In 2017, Khan published WISE Up: Knowledge Ends Extremism, a report intended to prevent the rise of hate and extremism and develop narratives of peace. Her memoir, Born with Wings, was published by Random House in April 2018. Khan has consistently been recognized for her work. She was listed among Time magazine's "100 Most Influential People", the Huffington Post included her in their "Top Ten Women Faith Leaders", and More magazine has described her as "a link between moderate Islam and the West."
The Global Center on Cooperative Security is an independent, nonpartisan, not-for-profit research and policy institute based in New York, Washington D.C., London, Brussels, and Nairobi. The Global Center works to improve multilateral security cooperation through policy research and issue-area projects throughout the world.
Mikko Hermanni Hyppönen is a Finnish computer security expert, speaker and author. He is known for the Hyppönen Law about IoT security, which states that whenever an appliance is described as being "smart", it is vulnerable. He works as the Chief Research Officer at WithSecure and as the Principal Research Advisor at F-Secure.
Islamic extremism in the United States comprises all forms of Islamic extremism occurring within the United States. Islamic extremism is an adherence to fundamentalist interpretations of Islam, potentially including the promotion of violence to achieve political goals. In the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 terror attacks, Islamic extremism became a prioritized national security concern of the U.S. government and a focus of many subsidiary security and law enforcement entities. Initially, the focus of concern was on foreign Islamic terrorist organizations, particularly al-Qaeda, but in the course of the years since the September 11 terror attacks, the focus has shifted more towards Islamic extremist and jihadist networks within the United States.
Digital Life Design (DLD) is a global conference network, organized by Munich-based DLD Media, a company of Hubert Burda Media.
The White House released the United States' first strategy to address "ideologically inspired" violence in August 2011. Entitled Empowering Local Partners to Prevent Violent Extremism in the United States, the eight-page document outlines "how the Federal Government will support and help empower American communities and their local partners in their grassroots efforts to prevent violent extremism." The strategy was followed in December 2011 by a more detailed Strategic Implementation Plan for Empowering Local Partners to Prevent Violent Extremism in the United States. The National Strategy for Empowering Local Partners and the strategic implementation plan (SIP) resulted from the identification of violent extremism and terrorism inspired by "al-Qaeda and its affiliates and adherents" as the "preeminent security threats" to the United States by the 2010 National Security Strategy and the 2011 National Strategy for Counterterrorism. Regardless of the priorization of the threat from al-Qaeda's ideology, both the strategy and SIP are geared towards all types of extremism without focus on a particular ideology.
Violent extremism is a form of extremism that condones and enacts violence with ideological or deliberate intent, such as religious or political violence. Violent extremist views often conflate with religious and political violence, and can manifest in connection with a range of issues, including politics, religion, and gender relations.
Ilwad Elman is a Somali-Canadian social activist. She works at the Elman Peace and Human Rights Center in Mogadishu alongside her mother Fartuun Adan, the NGO's founder. She was voted the African Young Personality (Female) of the Year during the 2016 Africa Youth Awards.
Shahrbanou Tadjbakhsh is an Iranian-American researcher, university lecturer, and United Nations consultant in peacebuilding, conflict resolution, counter-terrorism, and radicalization, best known for her work in "Human Security" and for contributions in the republics of Central Asia and Afghanistan, as cited by the New York Times and other publications as well as hundreds of scholarly publications. Currently, she is a lecturer at Sciences Po, researcher, and consultant to the United Nations.
Anne Azza Aly is an Australian politician who has been a Labor member of the House of Representatives since the 2016 election, representing the electorate of Cowan in Western Australia. Aly is currently the Minister for Early Childhood Education and Minister for Youth in the Albanese ministry.
Marianne Katharina "Käthe" Leichter was an Austrian Jewish economist, women's rights activist, journalist and politician. She was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria and the Viennese Labour Chamber. She was detained in Ravensbrück concentration camp during the Nazi regime and killed by gas at the Bernburg Euthanasia Centre in 1942.
Online youth radicalization is the action in which a young individual or a group of people come to adopt increasingly extreme political, social, or religious ideals and aspirations that reject, or undermine the status quo or undermine contemporary ideas and expressions of a state, which they may or may not reside in. Online youth radicalization can be both violent or non-violent.
Christa Ehrmann-Hämmerle is a Swiss-born Austrian historian. She is Associate Professor of Modern History at the University of Vienna. Her work focuses on military history, particularly World War 1, as well as women and gender history of the 19th and 20th centuries. Since 2011, she has been a spokeswoman for the Military History Working Group. She is co-founder and co-editor of the scientific journal L'Homme - Europäische Zeitschrift für Feministische Geschichtswissenschaft.
Brigitte Bailer-Galanda is an Austrian social scientist and historian. She was the director of the Documentation Centre of Austrian Resistance and deputy chairwoman of the Historical Commission of the Republic of Austria. Bailer-Galanda is an honorary professor of contemporary history at the University of Vienna.