Edith Eleanor Newton

Last updated

Edith Eleanor Newton (January 1860 - April 1926) was a British missionary part of the Church Missionary Society (CMS). She lived and worked in Palestine from October 1887 to October 1893 along with both of her sisters and fellow missionaries, Frances E. Newton and Constance A. Newton.

Contents

Edith Eleanor Newton's work primarily involved religious missionary work along with education to both adults and children in Palestine. She is known to have been responsible for the running and maintenance of several schools, hospitals and, missions throughout her career. Prior to her work in Palestine, Newton was heavily involved in volunteer work in Jaffna, Sri Lanka.

Edith Eleanor Newton had been consistently heralded as being an invaluable asset to the Jaffa Mission during her time in Palestine and has been honored for her work and contributions there. She was one of the very few and first women to have volunteered their services towards the Jaffa Mission during that time period.

Family and personal life

Edith Eleanor Newton was the daughter of Anne Rosamond and Charles E. Newton. Newton was baptised on 31 January 1860. Her family lived at The Manor in Mickleover, Derbyshire in the United Kingdom and was known to have numerous servants, tutors and groundsmen. Her father, Charles E. Newton was the Justice of the Peace to the county and borough of Derby, a banker and a prominent farmer with many employees and laborers. He also remarried a Maltese woman Mary Henrietta Moore, of which little is known.

Newton had several siblings including Rosamond C. Newton, Mary L. Newton, Frances E. Newton, Margaret E. Newton, Constance A. Newton and, Francis C. Newton. Both of her sisters, Frances E. Newton and Constance A. Newton served in Palestine as religious missionaries alongside Edith. Frances is known for her roles in activism and politics in Palestine during her time there. Constance was known for being the director of the Jaffa Mission Hospital.

Up until age 27, Edith worked as a voluntary helper in Jaffna, Sri Lanka before being accepted to become a religious missionary in Palestine where she would later join her sister Constance. Frances joined them later on in 1895.

Missionary Work

Edith Eleanor Newton was among the first few people to respond to the call made by Rev. John Robert Longley Hall for approximately ten missionaries to go to Palestine in light of the ecclesiastical difficulties in Palestine at that time. John Robert Longley Hall was a Chaplain and was invited to England when the Archbishop of Canterbury assigned him the duty of finding missionaries to help with the situation in Palestine. Newton, together with two other women on record, Eliza Armstrong and Annie S. H. Vidal were the first to respond to this appeal made by Hall.

Newton was accepted as an Honorary Missionary of the Church Missionary Society (CMS) on 4 October 1887 and went to Jaffa on 20 October 1887 to begin her mission. While there, she was the Sister Head of the Medical Mission Hospital. Over the time period of 1887 to 1893, Newton traveled back and forth between England and Palestine very frequently. Her regular travel was due to visiting her sister, Constance who had contracted an illness that proved to be fatal and had to leave her missionary work in Jaffa and return to England.

The Jaffa Mission Hospital was owned and operated by Mildmay Missions, an organisation which worked in conjunction with the Church Missionary Society (CMS). Constance together with another missionary, Miss Mangan were responsible for running the facility with the help of a Syrian physician Dr. Keith Ghoreyeb. After Miss Mangan's death in 1885, the hospital was rebuilt into a functional medical facility. In 1892, Mildmay Missions bequeathed the Jaffa Mission Hospital to Constance Newton and Edith Eleanor Newton for full ownership and operation. After Constance became ill, the hospital was run by Edith and Dr. Ghoreyeb. Following her death on 19 August 1908, Constance left behind an endowment of £10,000 for the running of the hospital.

At the Jaffa Mission Hospital, aside from its medical practices, every day half-hour services were held in both the men's and women's wards for inpatients. During these services, the patients were allowed to participate in gospel singing as well as scripture readings. In addition to this, every day before the patients see the doctor, they also have a short gospel service. Edith was responsible for coordinating these events as well as conducting her own Women's Service every Thursday afternoon. One of the most prominent issues faced by the hospital at the time was infant mortality. Edith's service was specifically tailored to the mothers' rehabilitation and spiritual enlightenment. Newton frequently sang to the women, engaged in prayer, carried them to her garden and showed them lantern slides. Edith was not only involved in the capacity of being a missionary but was also involved in donating various resources to the hospital over the years leading to its overall development and improvement.

In addition to the Jaffa Mission Hospital, there was also an outpatient clinic at Lod (previously Lydd) which was operated by the Church Missionary Society (CMS). During war activities, part of the building was destroyed by fire but was rebuilt to accommodate the needs of the patients. In order for work to be carried out efficiently at this site, two persons were required to be there each day to carry out duties in between doctor's visits however, just train rides and walking were very time consuming. As such, Edith donated a Ford car to transport individuals between the hospital in Jaffa and outpatient clinic in Lod. The car served to transport the local reverend back and forth as well as an ambulance to transport critically ill patients. In some cases, the car would be used to visit surrounding villages to find and treat persons who were ill.

Edith's Letters

During her time as a missionary in Palestine, Newton would frequently write letters and literary pieces to the Church Missionary Society's range of publications including the Church Missionary Gleaner, Church Missionary Intelligencer, Mercy and Truth and, The CMS Home Gazette. These publications served to give readers in the outside world insight as to what was going on politically, economically, religiously and medically in countries other than their own which CMS sent to be missionaries. These publications served as a medium through which missionaries could relay their thoughts and experiences to the mass public of their journeys and their purpose being there.

Newton's earliest letters began as soon as she arrived in Palestine and detailed her life in concise paragraphs almost on a monthly basis. The contents of these letters basically conveyed what was going on in her life at the current time as well as challenges such as sickness, community adjustment, struggles in learning Arabic together with a snapshot of what her role was at the time.

As far as her literary work is concerned, she published an article titled, "A Story of a Russian Pilgrim."This article takes the form of a story which Newton recalls from her own experience. It essentially involves a Russian woman brought in to be treated at the Jaffa Mission Hospital and was not able to communicate with anyone as their languages differed. Newton further goes on to say that the woman, after her medical procedure, would often engage with other members of the hospital in singing hymns and the only word which she learned was 'Hallelujah'. According to Newton, singing and praying made the Russian woman feel great joy and happiness in a place where she knew no one, could not communicate effectively and was being treated medically.

Death

Edith Eleanor Newton died on 6 April 1926. She was buried at St. Bartholomew's Church located in Haslemere Parish, Surrey, England on 9 April 1926. Prior to her death in 1926, Edith was named as an Honorary Life Member of the Church Mission Society (CMS) in 1916 for her outstanding service and invaluable work throughout her career as a missionary.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Church Mission Society</span> British mission society

The Church Mission Society (CMS), formerly known as the Church Missionary Society, is a British mission society working with the Christians around the world. Founded in 1799, CMS has attracted over nine thousand men and women to serve as mission partners during its 200-year history. The society has also given its name "CMS" to a number of daughter organisations around the world, including Australia and New Zealand, which have now become independent.

Deborah Alcock was a late-Victorian author of historical fiction focused on religious, evangelical themes.

Frances Emily Newton was an English missionary who lived and worked in Palestine from 1889 until 1938, the last 18 years of which saw the country under British rule. She became Dame of Justice of the Venerable Order of Saint John in 1930, and was a member of the Palestine Women's Council, a consultative committee that advised the British, usually to no avail, on matters affecting women and children. The journalist Owen Tweedy described her as, "comely but podgy—tall & masterful and with the hell of a temper and always having rows."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Constance Watney</span>

Constance Watney, MBE, COC, SRN, MBCN, was a British born missionary nurse in Uganda.

Mary Rebecca Stewart Bird (1859–1914) was a Church Mission Society (CMS) missionary who pioneered Christian ministry to Iranian women and women's medical missions in the CMS.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Katherine Watney</span>

Katherine Watney was a British-born missionary nurse in China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Church Missionary Society in the Middle East and North Africa</span>

The Church Missionary Society in the Middle East and North Africa, operated through branch organisations, such as the Mediterranean Mission, with the mission extending to Palestine, Iran (Persia), Iraq, Egypt, Ethiopia (Abyssinia) and the Sudan. The missions were financed by the CMS with the local organisation of a mission usually being under the oversight of the Bishop of the Anglican diocese in which the CMS mission operated. The CMS made an important contribution to the Episcopal Church in Jerusalem and the Middle East.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Church Missionary Society in China</span>

The Church Missionary Society in China was a branch organisation established by the Church Missionary Society (CMS), which was founded in Britain in 1799 under the name the Society for Missions to Africa and the East; as a mission society working with the Anglican Communion, Protestant, and Orthodox Christians around the world. In 1812, the organization was renamed the Church Missionary Society. The missions were financed by the CMS with the local organisation of a mission usually being under the oversight of the Bishop of the Anglican diocese in which the CMS mission operated.

Nora Neve (1873-1952) was a British nurse and medical missionary with the Church Missionary Society who pioneered missionary nursing. Her work was instrumental in the development of the Kashmir Mission Hospital in Srinagar. She was the hospital's first Superintendent of Nursing and led education and cleanliness initiatives. Neve also recorded and published records of Kashmiri hospital practices in the American Journal of Nursing, contributing to the tool kits of other missionaries and preserving a part of Kashmir's cultural history.

Lucinda L. Combs-Stritmatter was an American physician who was the first female medical missionary to provide medical care in China and is credited with establishing the first women's hospital in what was then Peking. Combs was a pioneer in women's medical care while serving the Women's Foreign Ministry Society's North China Mission for seven years.

Theodore Maxwell, MD (1847-1914) was an English doctor medical missionary, founder of the Kashmir Mission Hospital, and published author. Maxwell left England for Kashmir shortly after receiving his MB from King's College, Cambridge, and serving as a physician in Addenbrooke's Hospital. His arrival in Srinagar, Kashmir, succeeded four years of missionary work by Dr. William Jackson Elmslie. Maxwell founded a new hospital in Srinagar and laid the foundations for the work of his successors, including the establishment of the Kashmir Mission Hospital. After leaving missionary work, Maxwell wrote numerous papers for The Lancet and compiled important medical knowledge to write Terminologia Medica Polyglotta: A Concise International Dictionary of Medical Terms.

Colin Strachan Valentine FRSE LLD LRCP LRCSE was a Scottish missionary physician who founded the first medical missionary training institution in India and advocated for the inclusion of women in the medical field. Valentine attended the University of Edinburgh and additionally was a student in the Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society. Valentine served in the Medical Mission House in Cowgate until the Foreign Mission Board of the United Presbyterian Church assigned him as medical missionary to India in 1861. In India, Valentine played an important role in improving the health and society of the regions of Mewar and Jeypore. He founded several educational institutions in Jeypore and instituted significant reforms and policies. After a brief return to Scotland, Valentine established the first medical missionary training institution in India called the Agra Medical Missionary Training Institution in 1881, which educated both male and female students.

Emmeline Stuart (1866–1946) was the first female doctor with an official medical degree to join the Church Missionary Society's Persia Mission. Working primarily in Julaf, Isfahan, and Shiraz, she is known primarily for spearheading the development and day-to-day operations of a prominent women's hospital and regional dispensary.

Edward George Horder was an English medical missionary to China notable for his work with leprosy patients. As a member of the Church Missionary Society (C.M.S.), Horder spent 25 years in the city of Pakhoi–now Beihai–building and operating the first mission hospital in the Guangdong province. In addition to becoming the second-largest C.M.S. mission hospital in China, Horder's Pakhoi mission station was the first institution in the region to treat leprosy patients. Even after Horder's departure, the hospital remained a health center in Beihai and was the site of service for a generation of new missionaries. Although the leper wing closed in 1936, the hospital itself still survives as the Beihai People Hospital.

Catherine Mary Ironside (1870–1921) was a medical missionary whose primary work was focused in Iran. Originally trained as a nurse and later on as a midwife, she eventually became a physician after graduating from the London School of Medicine. After graduation, she went to Persia and worked in a variety of hospitals run by the Church Missionary Society.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gaskoin Richard Morden Wright</span> English surgeon and missionary

Gaskoin Richard Morden Wright was an English surgeon and missionary who founded the St Luke's Hospital of Nablus while he served with the Church Mission Society(CMS). St. Lukes Hospital remains the only charitable hospital in Nablus, Palestine as of 2022. Wright attended Surrey County School and St. Bartholomew's Teaching Hospital. He also published on the use of turpentine in gallstone disease. He was registered as a surgeon and physician in 1883. In 1890 he was accepted by the CMS working initially in Uganda. In October 1893, Wright went to Palestine, where he had his largest impact. Wright died in 1923 in Metheringham, Lincolnshire, England.

Leopold George Hill was an English medical missionary who worked as a member of the Church Mission Society (CMS) treating leprosy patients in Pakhoi, China. Hill was motivated to join missionary work by his religious upbringing and intended to treat his patients to not only recover physically but also gain a sense of religious purpose. He worked alongside his wife, Emma Amelia Hill, as well as with other fellow missionaries to continue the work of Dr. Edward Horder's establishment of the Pakhoi leper colony. After retiring from missionary service, Hill continued his contributions to CMS through administrative work as a Physician to the Society.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Francis John Harpur</span> Doctor, medical missionary

Francis John Harpur was an Irish Protestant, doctor, medical missionary, and minister for the Church Missionary Society. Harpur actively served for nearly 40 years through missions predominantly in Northeastern Africa. Harpur made several contributions with regard to accessibility, establishment, and administration of medicine in the form of dispensaries and hospitals. Harpur mainly headed a medical mission in Old Cairo but also initiated missions in Arabia, Sawakin, Omdurman, Khartoum, and along the Nile.

Elizabeth Mary Wells (1863–1918), also known as Elizabeth Hooper, was a Roman Catholic British physician and medical missionary. She worked for the Church Missionary Society in Equatorial East Africa, especially in Kahuhia and Jilore. In Kahuhia, she was instrumental in the long-lasting success of the hospital and served as the President at Kennaway Hall, leading the only training center for female missionaries at the timem as well as leading two branch dispensaries. While in Jilore and Kahuhia, she dealt with a variety of medical conditions, primarily rheumatic gout, dysentery, and pneumonia.

Constance Bryant was an English missionary who served for the Fukien Mission under the Church Missionary Society (CMS). Bryant worked for over thirty years in East Asia. Her work led to founding the Fukien Christian University in 1916 that merged with the Fujian Superior Normal School and the Hua Nan Women's College to form today's Fujian Normal University.

References

    Class: RG11; Piece: 2755; Folio: 66; Page: 38; GSU roll: 1341660 Ancestry.com and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 1881 England Census [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2004.

    Class: RG10; Piece: 2898; Folio: 56; Page: 11; GSU roll: 836397 Ancestry.com. 1871 England Census [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2004.

    Ancestry.com. England, Select Births and Christenings, 1538-1975 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2014.Original data: England, Births and Christenings, 1538-1975. Salt Lake City, Utah: FamilySearch, 2013.

    Ancestry.com. Surrey, England, Church of England Burials, 1813-1987 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2013.Original data: Anglican Parish Registers. Woking, Surrey, England: Surrey History Centre.

    Proceedings of the Church Missionary Society for Africa and the East Ninety-Ninth Year 1897-98. London: Church Missionary House, Salisbury Square,1898. Page (xxviii).

    Church Missionary Society Periodicals, Register of Missionaries List II Female Missionaries No.107 (1887–88)

    Church Missionary Society Periodicals, Register of Missionaries List I Clerical and Lay Missionaries No.819 (1876)

    Vardit Shotten-Hallel (2017) An Altar from the Castle Chapel of Atlit and its Journey to the Church of all Hallows by the Tower, London, Palestine Exploration Quarterly, 149:2, 162-176,DOI: 10.1080/00310328.2016.1248706

    Proceedings of the Church Missionary Society for Africa and the East Ninety-Ninth Year 1897-98. London: Church Missionary House, Salisbury Square,1898. Page 139.

    The Church Missionary Intelligencer. A Monthly Journal of Missionary Information. VOL. XLIV. ~ VOL. XVIII. New Series. (Page 213)

    Yurtoğlu, Nadir. “Http://Www.historystudies.net/Dergi//Birinci-Dunya-Savasinda-Bir-Asayis-Sorunu-Sebinkarahisar-Ermeni-isyani20181092a4a8f.Pdf.”History Studies International Journal of History, vol. 10, no. 7, 2018, pp. 241–294., doi:10.9737/hist.2018.658.