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The St. Lawrence Seaway is a system of locks, canals, and channels in Canada and the United States that permits oceangoing vessels to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes of North America, as far inland as Duluth, Minnesota, at the western end of Lake Superior. The seaway is named for the St. Lawrence River, which flows from Lake Ontario to the Atlantic Ocean. Legally, the seaway extends from Montreal, Quebec, to Lake Erie, and includes the Welland Canal. Ships from the Atlantic Ocean are able to reach ports in all five of the Great Lakes, via the Great Lakes Waterway.
The St. Lawrence River is a large international river in the middle latitudes of North America connecting the Great Lakes to the North Atlantic Ocean. Its waters flow in a northeasterly direction from Lake Ontario to the Gulf of St. Lawrence, traversing Ontario and Quebec in Canada and New York in the United States. A section of the river demarcates the Canada–U.S. border.
The Great Lakes Waterway (GLW) is a system of natural channels and artificial locks and canals which enable navigation between the North American Great Lakes. Though all of the lakes are naturally connected as a chain, water travel between the lakes was impeded for centuries by obstacles such as Niagara Falls and the rapids of the St. Marys River.
St. Lawrence County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 108,505. The county seat is Canton. The county is named for the Saint Lawrence River, which in turn was named for the Christian saint Lawrence of Rome, on whose feast day the river was visited by French explorer Jacques Cartier.
Massena is a town in St. Lawrence County, New York, United States. Massena is along the county's northern border, just south of the St. Lawrence River and the Three Nations Crossing of the Canada–United States border. The population was 12,433 at the 2020 census. The town of Massena contains a village also named Massena.
The Welland Canal is a ship canal in Ontario, Canada, and part of the St. Lawrence Seaway and Great Lakes Waterway. The canal traverses the Niagara Peninsula between Port Weller on Lake Ontario, and Port Colborne on Lake Erie, and was erected because the Niagara River—the only natural waterway connecting the lakes—was unnavigable due to Niagara Falls. The Welland Canal enables ships to ascend and descend the Niagara Escarpment, and has followed four different routes since it opened.
The Soo Locks are a set of parallel locks, operated and maintained by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, Detroit District, that enable ships to travel between Lake Superior and the lower Great Lakes. They are located on the St. Marys River between Lake Superior and Lake Huron, between the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan and the Canadian province of Ontario. They bypass the rapids of the river, where the water falls 21 ft (6.4 m). The locks pass an average of 10,000 ships per year, despite being closed during the winter from January through March, when ice shuts down shipping on the Great Lakes. The winter closure period is used to inspect and maintain the locks.
Robert Moses State Park – Thousand Islands is a 2,322-acre (9.40 km2) state park located on Barnhart Island in the Saint Lawrence River and the adjacent mainland in the Town of Massena in St. Lawrence County, New York. The park is north of the Village of Massena, near the Canada–US border.
Lake freighters, or lakers, are bulk carrier vessels that operate on the Great Lakes of North America. These vessels are traditionally called boats, although classified as ships.
New York State Route 37B (NY 37B) is an east–west state highway located in St. Lawrence County, New York, in the United States. It serves as a business route of NY 37 through the village of Massena. While NY 37B enters the village, NY 37 bypasses it to the south. The western terminus of the route is at an intersection with NY 37 in the town of Louisville. Its eastern terminus is at a junction with NY 37 just east of the village limits in the town of Massena. NY 37B intersects North Main Street, a state-maintained northward extension of NY 420, in Massena's central district.
The Great Lakes Seaway Trail, formerly named and commonly known as the Seaway Trail, is a 518-mile (834 km) National Scenic Byway in the northeastern United States, mostly contained in New York but with a small segment in Pennsylvania. The trail consists of a series of designated roads and highways that travel along the Saint Lawrence Seaway—specifically, Lake Erie, the Niagara River, Lake Ontario, and the Saint Lawrence River. It begins at the Ohio state line in rural Erie County, Pennsylvania, and travels through several cities and villages before ending at the Seaway International Bridge northeast of the village of Massena in St. Lawrence County, New York. It is maintained by the non-profit Seaway Trail, Inc.
Massena Center is a hamlet in the Town of Massena, in St. Lawrence County, New York, United States. It is made up of 89 homes and several small businesses.
Operation Inland Seas was a United States Navy operation to celebrate the completion of the Saint Lawrence Seaway in 1959. Task Force 47 (TF 47), a 28-ship detachment of the U.S. Atlantic Fleet under the command of Rear Admiral Edmund B. Taylor, sailed up the Saint Lawrence River to participate in the official opening of the Seaway by Queen Elizabeth II of Canada and U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower on June 26, 1959. Thereafter, the ships visited ports throughout the Great Lakes, sometimes escorting Queen Elizabeth aboard HMY Britannia.
The Moses-Saunders Power Dam, short for Robert Moses-Robert H. Saunders Power Dam, is a dam on the Saint Lawrence River straddling the border between the United States and Canada. It is located between Massena in New York and Cornwall in Ontario. The dam supplies water to two adjacent hydroelectric power generating stations, the United States' 912 MW St. Lawrence-Franklin D. Roosevelt Power Project and Canada's 1,045 MW R.H. Saunders Generating Station. Constructed between 1954 and 1958 as part of the larger Saint Lawrence Seaway project, the dam created Lake St. Lawrence. Aside from providing significant amounts of renewable power, the dam regulates the St. Lawrence River and affords passage for the navigation of large vessels. Despite the enormous economic advantages to the dam, it required the relocation of 6,500 people and caused harm to the surrounding environment. Efforts have been made over the years to improve shoreline and fish habitats.
Pineglen was a bulk carrier owned and operated by Canada Steamship Lines. She was built at the Collingwood Shipyards, in Collingwood, Ontario in 1985, to a single superstructure lake freighter design. Initially named Paterson, the vessel was sold to Canada Steamship Lines in 2002 and renamed. Unlike more modern lake freighters she was built to a "straight-deck" design – i.e. she was not equipped with a self-unloading boom. The vessel was sold for scrap in 2017.
Tundra is a bulk carrier. She was launched in 2009. The maritime site boatnerd reports she is operated by Navarone SA of Limassol, Cyprus, and leased to Canfornav Incorporated of Montreal, the Canadian Forest Navigation Group. Marine Link however reports that she is owned by Canfornav.
Ocean Voyager is a small cruise ship, carrying about 200 passengers. First launched in 2001, she has been operated by four different owners, and was formerly known as Victory I, Saint Laurent, Sea Voyager and Cape May Light, the ship was built in the United States and entered service in 2001.
The Massena Power Canal, which connects the Saint Lawrence River to the lower Grass River.
The Bertrand H. Snell Lock is situated on the St Lawrence River leg of the St Lawrence Seaway and is one of the seven canal locks found along the length of the seaway. The lock has a 45 ft (14 m) lift for ships traveling upstream. It is situated near Massena, New York along with one of the other locks.
The Wiley-Dondero Canal is a section of the St. Lawrence Seaway in New York, United States, with a length of 8 nautical miles. The US Army Corps of Engineers planned and supervised the Wiley-Dondero Canal to bypass the Long Sault. Actual construction was performed by Peter Kiewit Sons Co., Morrison-Knudsen Co., Perini Corp., Utah Construction Co., and Walsh Construction Co. It is located near Massena, New York. The seaway provides a total lift of 83 feet (25 m) from the Eisenhower Lock and the Bertrand H. Snell Lock, which are the two locks in the canal.
References
- ↑ "Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway System Map, accessed 2009-07-05". Archived from the original on 2010-06-12. Retrieved 2015-06-22.
- ↑ Ernest Albert John Davies. "Major inland waterways of North America". Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved 2021-11-27.
- ↑ William H. Becker (1959). "From the Atlantic to the Great Lakes: A History of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the St. Lawrence Seaway" (PDF). US Army Corps of Engineers . Retrieved 2015-06-22.
- ↑ "St. Lawrence Seaway's Construction Grandeur". Historical Construction Equipment Association. p. 1. Archived from the original on November 28, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
- ↑ William H. Becker. "From the Atlantic to the Great Lakes" (PDF). United States Army Corps of Engineers. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
- ↑ "Remarks at the Formal Opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway". The American Presidency Project. p. 1. Archived from the original on September 28, 2020. Retrieved November 28, 2021.
- ↑ "QUEEN ELIZABETH AND EISENHOWER DEDICATE SEAWAY". The New York Times. p. 1. Archived from the original on November 29, 2021. Retrieved November 28, 2021.
- ↑ "Throwback Thursday: Queen Elizabeth, delayed by fog, visits Massena in 1959". Northern NY. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 2, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2021.
- ↑ "Queen Elizabeth, with Prince Philip, toured St. Lawrence Seaway in 1959". Watertown Daily Times and Northern New York Newspapers. p. 1. Retrieved November 28, 2021.
- ↑ "Explosions on the MV Venus Kill Master [sic]" (PDF). Proceedings of the Marine Safety Council. November 1974. p. 207. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-02-08. Retrieved 2015-06-22.
- ↑ Aiswarya Lakshmi (2015-06-22). "Tundra Aground in St. Lawrence Seaway". Marine Link . Retrieved 2015-06-22.
The 185 meter long drybulk vessel MV Tundra (30,892dwt, built 2009) owned by Canfornav, part of the Canadian Forest Navigation Group, has run aground overnight on the St. Lawrence Seaway at Lancaster, Ontario in Canada.
- ↑ "Montreal's Saint Laurent cruise ship hits lock en route to Toronto". CBC News. 2015-06-19. Retrieved 2015-06-22.
Nineteen injured passengers and three injured crew members had to be removed from the ship with the help of fire officials late last night. All of the injuries appeared to be minor, according to FleetPro Passenger Ship Management, the company that manages the ship.
- ↑ "Lock traffic on track". Trade Wind News . Retrieved 2015-06-22.
- ↑ Theresa Norton Masek (2015-06-22). "Haimark Cancels June 26 Saint Laurent Departure". Travel Pulse News. Archived from the original on 2015-06-25. Retrieved 2015-06-22.
Haimark Line is operating the 210-passenger Saint Laurent on a long-term charter from FleetPro, the ship's management company. It is now operating its inaugural season in New England, the Great Lakes and Maritime Canada through the fall foliage season. From late fall to early spring 2016, the Saint Laurent is scheduled to operate in the Caribbean, Central and South America.