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Elba Island is an island located in Chatham County, Georgia, near the Port of Savannah, five miles downstream from Savannah, Georgia. [1] The name is a transfer from Elba, an island in the Mediterranean Sea. [2]
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Elba Island is an island located in Chatham County, Georgia, near the Port of Savannah, five miles downstream from Savannah, Georgia. [1] The name is a transfer from Elba, an island in the Mediterranean Sea. [2]
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is used to transport natural gas in a highly compressed form. It is commonly used to allow shipments by ocean vessels. LNG is maintained at −260 °F or colder and is 600 times as dense as air-temperature natural gas.
Elba Island is an existing LNG import terminal located on Elba Island, in Chatham County, Georgia. It was built by Sonat, Inc., based in Birmingham, Alabama, for its Southern Natural Gas division. The initial authorization for the Elba Island facility was issued in 1972. LNG shipments ceased during the first half of 1980. On March 16, 2000, the project received Commission authorization to re-commission and renovate the LNG facilities.
On June 2, 2016, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) gave approval for the Elba Liquefaction Project. The approximate $2 billion project will be constructed and operated at the existing Elba Island LNG Terminal near Savannah, Georgia. The first of 10 liquefaction units is expected to be placed in service in the second quarter of 2018, with the remaining nine units coming online before the end of 2018. This project is supported by a 20-year contract with Shell. [3]
In 2012, the Elba Liquefaction Project received authorization from the Department of Energy to export to Free Trade Agreement (FTA) countries. An application to export to non-FTA countries is pending, but is not required for the project to move ahead. The liquefaction project is expected to have a total capacity of approximately 2.5 million tonnes per year of LNG for export, equivalent to approximately 350,000 Mcf per day of natural gas.
Kinder Morgan is expanding Elba with newly designed modular units produced by Shell, which has subscribed to 100 percent of the facility's export capacity of 2.5 million tons per year for 20 years. Kinder Morgan purchased Shell's 49 percent equity interest in the project summer 2015. [4]
LNG tanker ships used for export typically range from 1.5 to 3.7 BCF (billion cubic feet) equivalent capacity (50,000 to 170,000 cubic meters), thus the Elba LNG terminal should be able to export approximately one tanker per week, depending on the capacity of the tanker. Larger tankers would take approximately two weeks of LNG production to fill.
Alternatively, LNG bunker fueling vessels used to fuel cruise liners and container ships typically hold 4,000 to 20,000 cubic meters (1 million to 5 million gallons). Elba Island will produce approximately 10,000 cubic meters (2.5 million gallons) per day of LNG and Shell may use some or all of that production to satisfy US LNG marine fuel demand. Shell has announced they will have a 4,000-cubic-meter (1 million gallon) LNG bunker fueling vessel operating on the US southeast coast, but it has not said where the needed LNG would be sourced. [5]
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas (predominantly methane, CH4, with some mixture of ethane, C2H6) that has been cooled down to liquid form for ease and safety of non-pressurized storage or transport. It takes up about 1/600th the volume of natural gas in the gaseous state (at standard conditions for temperature and pressure).
A floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) unit is a floating vessel used by the offshore oil and gas industry for the production and processing of hydrocarbons, and for the storage of oil. An FPSO vessel is designed to receive hydrocarbons produced by itself or from nearby platforms or subsea template, process them, and store oil until it can be offloaded onto a tanker or, less frequently, transported through a pipeline. FPSOs are preferred in frontier offshore regions as they are easy to install, and do not require a local pipeline infrastructure to export oil. FPSOs can be a conversion of an oil tanker or can be a vessel built specially for the application. A vessel used only to store oil is referred to as a floating storage and offloading (FSO) vessel.
The Sakhalin-2 project is an oil and gas development in Sakhalin Island, Russia. It includes development of the Piltun-Astokhskoye oil field and the Lunskoye natural gas field offshore Sakhalin Island in the Okhotsk Sea, and associated infrastructure onshore. The project is managed and operated by Sakhalin Energy Investment Company Ltd..
Cove Point LNG Terminal is an offshore liquid natural gas shipping terminal. It is located near Lusby, Maryland, United States, on the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay, which exports liquefied natural gas (LNG) and also stores gas. LNG is exported on specially designed ships known as LNG carriers.
An LNG carrier is a tank ship designed for transporting liquefied natural gas (LNG).
Oman LNG is a LNG plant in Qalhat near Sur, Oman. The company was established by the Royal decree of Sultan Qaboos of Oman in 1994. The construction was launched in November 1996, and the plant was commissioned in September 2000. Oman LNG operates three LNG trains with a total capacity of 10.4 million tonnes per year. The company's production facilities are located on the coast at Qalhat near Sur in the South Sharqiyah Governorate, Oman.
Sirte Oil Company (SOC) is an oil and gas company in Libya operating under the state-owned National Oil Corporation (NOC). The company is located in Brega SOC’s operations include oil and gas exploration and production (E&P) and manufacturing.
Southern LNG is a re-gasification facility on Elba Island, in Chatham County, Georgia, five miles downstream from Savannah, Georgia. The initial authorization for the Elba Island facility was issued in 1972. LNG shipments ceased during the first half of 1980. On March 16, 2000, the project received Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) authorization to re-commission and renovate the LNG facilities.
Natural gas was the Canada's third largest source of energy production in 2018, representing 22.3% of all energy produced from fuels in the country. By contrast, the share of fuel-based energy production from natural gas in 2013 was 17.0%, indicating a growth rate of approximately 1.06% per year.
Q-Max is a type of ship, specifically a membrane type liquefied natural gas carrier. In the name Q-Max, "Q" stands for Qatar and "Max" for the maximum size of ship able to dock at the LNG terminals in Qatar. Ships of this type are the largest LNG carriers in the world.
The natural gas in Qatar covers a large portion of the world supply of natural gas. According to the Oil & Gas Journal, as of January 1, 2011, reserves of natural gas in Qatar were measured at approximately 896 trillion cubic feet ; this measurement means that the state contains 14% of all known natural-gas reserves, as the world's third-largest reserves, behind Russia and Iran. The majority of Qatar's natural gas is located in the massive offshore North Field, which spans an area roughly equivalent to Qatar itself. A part of the world's largest non-associated, natural-gas field, the North Field, is a geological extension of Iran's South Pars / North Dome Gas-Condensate field, which holds an additional 450 trillion cubic feet of recoverable natural-gas reserves.
Oregon LNG is an American energy company whose sole project was a proposal to build a bi-directional liquefied natural gas (LNG) production, shipping, and receiving hub and a natural gas pipeline in northwest Oregon. Oregon LNG is controlled by the US conglomerate Leucadia National Corporation, listed on the New York Stock Exchange. The Oregon LNG Project announced that it was ceasing operations on 15 April 2016.
A floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) facility is a floating production storage and offloading unit that conducts liquefied natural gas (LNG) operations for developing offshore natural gas resources. Floating above an offshore natural gas field, the FLNG facility produces, liquefies, stores and transfers LNG at sea before carriers ship it directly to markets.
Klaipėda liquefied natural gas floating storage and regasification unit terminal or Klaipėda LNG FSRU is a LNG terminal in the port of Klaipėda, Lithuania. It cost US$128 million to construct. The project operator is Klaipedos Nafta.
A marine LNG engine is a dual fuel engine that uses natural gas and bunker fuel to convert chemical energy in to mechanical energy. Due to natural gas’ cleaner burning properties, the use of natural gas in merchant ship propulsion plants is becoming an option for companies in order to comply with IMO and MARPOL environmental regulations. The natural gas is stored in liquid state (LNG) and the boil-off gas is routed to and burned in dual fuel engines. Shipping companies have been cautious when choosing a propulsion system for their fleets. The steam turbine system has been the main choice as the prime mover on LNG carriers over the last several decades. The decades-old system on steam propelled LNG carriers uses BOG. LNG carriers are heavily insulated to keep the LNG at around -160 °C – to keep it liquefied. What happens is that even with all the insulation, the LNG containment area is penetrated by heat which allows for naturally generated boil-off gas (BOG).
Isla Bella and her sister ship Perla del Caribe are the world's first liquefied natural gas (LNG)-powered container ships. Isla Bella is currently used as part of the Florida-Puerto Rico trade, sailing out of Jacksonville, Florida and arriving in San Juan, Puerto Rico on a weekly basis. Both ships were built by NASSCO for TOTE Maritime Puerto Rico and replaced the last of the Ponce-class ships that were previously used for the route. They cost US$324 million to build and each is propelled by a single slow-speed engine capable of 25,191 kW at 104 rpm, which propels the ships at a maximum speed of 22 knots.
Costa Azul LNG is sea port and natural gas processing center, located 15 miles north of Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. Opened in 2008, the terminal can process, regasification, up to one billion cubic feet of natural gas per day. This is the first liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal on the North America west coast. LNG carrier ships capable of holding up to 220,000m3 of LNG can dock in the deep water port off the coast to unload LNG. The natural gas from the terminal is used to produce electricity and is fed by pipe lines to factories. The longest pipeline runs north, to the United States. Sempra Energy is a partner in the port with PEMEX. The LNG ship Al Safliya was the first ship to port and unload at Costa Azul. The Al Safliya is a 210,000 cubic meter LNG ship, its LNG was from Qatar. The other Mexican LNG Terminal in the Pacific Ocean is at Manzanillo, Colima, the Manzanillo LNG Terminal.
LNG Canada is a large industrial energy project that will build and operate a terminal for the liquefaction, storage, and loading of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in the port of Kitimat, British Columbia, Canada. It will export LNG produced by the project's partners in the Montney Formation gas fields near Dawson Creek, B.C.
The Texas LNG project is a multi-decade liquid natural gas shipping terminal project near Brownsville, Texas. It has been in the planning stages since the early 2010s and, as of 2019, gained regulatory authority approval for construction and operation in the 2020s, with initial export shipments as early as 2025. The facility is intended to enable US natural gas that is in good supply in the US to be efficiently stored and shipped to the global market in an efficient (liquified) form.
Coordinates: 32°05′28″N81°00′01″W / 32.09111°N 81.00028°W
