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The vagus nerve, also known as the tenth cranial nerve, cranial nerve X, or simply CN X, is a cranial nerve that carries sensory fibers that create a pathway that interfaces with the parasympathetic control of the heart, lungs, and digestive tract.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive form of brain stimulation in which a changing magnetic field is used to induce an electric current at a specific area of the brain through electromagnetic induction. An electric pulse generator, or stimulator, is connected to a magnetic coil connected to the scalp. The stimulator generates a changing electric current within the coil which creates a varying magnetic field, inducing a current within a region in the brain itself.
The hypoglossal nerve, also known as the twelfth cranial nerve, cranial nerve XII, or simply CN XII, is a cranial nerve that innervates all the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue except for the palatoglossus, which is innervated by the vagus nerve.
Palpitations are perceived abnormalities of the heartbeat characterized by awareness of cardiac muscle contractions in the chest, which is further characterized by the hard, fast and/or irregular beatings of the heart.
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A transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is a device that produces mild electric current to stimulate the nerves for therapeutic purposes. TENS, by definition, covers the complete range of transcutaneously applied currents used for nerve excitation, but the term is often used with a more restrictive intent, namely, to describe the kind of pulses produced by portable stimulators used to reduce pain. The unit is usually connected to the skin using two or more electrodes which are typically conductive gel pads. A typical battery-operated TENS unit is able to modulate pulse width, frequency, and intensity. Generally, TENS is applied at high frequency (>50 Hz) with an intensity below motor contraction or low frequency (<10 Hz) with an intensity that produces motor contraction. More recently, many TENS units use a mixed frequency mode which alleviates tolerance to repeated use. Intensity of stimulation should be strong but comfortable with greater intensities, regardless of frequency, producing the greatest analgesia. While the use of TENS has proved effective in clinical studies, there is controversy over which conditions the device should be used to treat.
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A mind machine uses pulsing rhythmic sound, flashing light, or a combination of these. Mind machines can induce deep states of relaxation or concentration.
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Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a medical treatment that involves delivering electrical impulses to the vagus nerve. It is used as an add-on treatment for certain types of intractable epilepsy, cluster headaches, treatment-resistant depression and stroke rehabilitation.
Radionics—also called electromagnetic therapy (EMT) and the Abrams method—is a form of alternative medicine that claims that disease can be diagnosed and treated by applying electromagnetic radiation (EMR), such as radio waves, to the body from an electrically powered device. It is similar to magnet therapy, which also applies EMR to the body but uses a magnet that generates a static electromagnetic field.
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Diaphragm pacing is the rhythmic application of electrical impulses to the diaphragm to provide artificial ventilatory support for respiratory failure or sleep apnea. Historically, this has been accomplished through the electrical stimulation of a phrenic nerve by an implanted receiver/electrode, though today an alternative option of attaching percutaneous wires to the diaphragm exists.
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Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), also known as refractory epilepsy, intractable epilepsy, or pharmacoresistant epilepsy refers to a state in which an individual with a diagnosis of epilepsy is unresponsive to multiple first line therapies. Based on the 2010 guidelines from the International League against Epilepsy (ILAE), DRE is officially diagnosed following a lack of therapeutic relief in the form of continued seizure burden after trialing at least two antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) at the appropriate dosage and duration. The probability that the next medication will achieve seizure freedom drops with every failed AED. For example, after two failed AEDs, the probability that the third will achieve seizure freedom is around 4%. Drug-resistant epilepsy is commonly diagnosed after several years of uncontrolled seizures, however, in most cases, it is evident much earlier. Approximately 30% of people with epilepsy have a drug-resistant form. Achieving seizure control in DRE patients is critical as uncontrolled seizures can lead to irreversible damage to the brain, cognitive impairment, and increased risk for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy called SUDEP. Indirect consequences of DRE include seizure related injuries and/or accidents, impairment in daily life, adverse medication effects, increased co-morbidities especially psychological, and increased economic burden, etc.
References
- 1 2 "electroCore Inc. Company & People | ECOR". Barron's. Retrieved 2024-12-12.
- ↑ "Nerve stimulation device maker electroCore goes public with $78M IPO | FierceBiotech". www.fiercebiotech.com. Retrieved 2019-03-06.
- ↑ "This hand-held device is approved to treat cluster headaches". NBC News. Retrieved 2019-03-06.
- ↑ "ElectroCore wins cluster headache FDA 510(k) indication for GammaCore". MassDevice. 2018-11-28. Retrieved 2019-03-06.
- ↑ "Nerve Stimulator Approved for Cluster Headache". Pain News Network. Retrieved 2019-03-06.
- ↑ "Term Sheet -- Friday, June 22". Fortune. Retrieved 2019-03-06.
- ↑ Hale, Conor (2018-06-22). "Nerve stimulation device maker electroCore goes public with $78M IPO | Fierce Biotech". www.fiercebiotech.com. Retrieved 2024-12-16.
- ↑ "BRIEF-electroCore Announces Common Stock Purchase Agreement For Up To $25 Mln With Lincoln Park Capital". Reuters. 2020-03-27. Retrieved 2020-03-31.
- ↑ electroCore (2020-07-13). "electroCore Announces FDA Emergency Use Authorization for use of gammaCore Sapphire™ CV for the Acute Treatment of Asthma Exacerbations in Known or Suspected COVID-19 Patients". GlobeNewswire News Room. Retrieved 2020-07-15.
- ↑ https://www.truvaga.com/vagus-nerve-science/
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