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Elena Vasilievna Bomeshko [a] (born 10 February 1950) is a Transnistrian politician, who served as minister of education from 25 July 2000 to 16 January 2007.
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Elena Vasilievna Bomeshko [a] (born 10 February 1950) is a Transnistrian politician, who served as minister of education from 25 July 2000 to 16 January 2007.
Elena Vasilievna Bomeshko was born on 10 February 1950 in the village of Vatic , part of the Orhei District in the-then Moldavian SSR. From 1966–71, Bomeshko studied at the Chisinau State University (now the Moldova State University), where she graduated with honors in the field of physical chemistry, gaining a qualification as a teacher of chemistry. Additionally, from 1973–76, she studied at a graduate school, graduating with a degree as a Candidate of Sciences.
As minister of education, Elena Bomeshko supported a policy discriminating against school-children using the Romanian alphabet and supported the promotion of a separate Moldavian language written in the Cyrillic script. By July 2004, 4 of the 6 schools in the country teaching the Romanian alphabet were closed. [1]
According to her defenders, she has merely done her job of upholding the Transnistrian legislation. It follows that since Moldova does not recognize Transnistria, nor the validity of Transnistria's own legislation, in the eyes of Moldova, Bomeshko is failing to obey Moldova's laws by following Transnistria's.
In 2004, she announced the closure of some Romanian-language schools using the Latin alphabet. Amid international criticism, the decision was later reversed.
In 2007, Bomeshko was replaced as minister of education by Maria Rafailovna Pashchenko. [2] In January 2009, as advisor to the president, she pleaded in favor of state commissioning in education. [3] In 2010, she announced a new monument in honor of the soldiers who lost their lives for the country. This move was criticised, however, as two-thirds of Transnistria's over 450 monuments are in need of renovation. [4]
Tiraspol is the capital and largest city of Transnistria, a breakaway state of Moldova, where it is the third-largest city. The city is located on the eastern bank of the Dniester River. Tiraspol is a regional hub of culture, economy, tourism, and light industry, such as furniture and electrical goods production.
Moldovan or Moldavian is one of the two local names for the Romanian language in Moldova. Moldovan was declared the official language of Moldova in Article 13 of the constitution adopted in 1994, while the 1991 Declaration of Independence of Moldova used the name Romanian. In 2003, the Moldovan parliament adopted a law defining Moldovan and Romanian as glottonyms for the same language. In 2013, the Constitutional Court of Moldova interpreted that Article 13 of the constitution is superseded by the Declaration of Independence, thus giving official status to the name Romanian. The breakaway region of Transnistria continues to recognize "Moldavian" as one of its official languages, alongside Russian and Ukrainian. Ukraine also continued until recently to make a distinction between Moldovan and Romanian, with one village declaring its language to be Romanian and another declaring it to be Moldovan, though Ukrainian officials have announced an intention to remove the legal status of Moldovan. On 16 November 2023, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Ukrainian government stated that it has initiated steps to abolish the Moldovan language and to replace it with Romanian. On 13 January 2024, Ukrainian newspaper Dumska reported that the Ukrainian Ministry of Education and Science had announced all 16 schools in Odesa Oblast teaching "Moldovan" had dropped the term in favor of Romanian. On 16 March 2023, the Moldovan Parliament approved a law on referring to the national language as Romanian in all legislative texts and the constitution. On 22 March, the president of Moldova, Maia Sandu, promulgated the law.
Transnistria, officially known as the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic and locally as Pridnestrovie, is a breakaway state internationally recognized as part of Moldova. It controls most of the narrow strip of land between the Dniester river and the Moldova–Ukraine border, as well as some land on the other side of the river's bank. Its capital and largest city is Tiraspol. Transnistria is officially designated by the Republic of Moldova as the Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester or as Stînga Nistrului.
Bender or Bendery, also known as Tighina, is a city within the internationally recognized borders of Moldova under de facto control of the unrecognized Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (Transnistria) (PMR) since 1992. It is located on the western bank of the river Dniester in the historical region of Bessarabia.
Rîbnița or Rybnitsa is a town in the breakaway Moldovan region of Transnistria. According to the 2004 census, it has a population of 53,648. Rîbnița is situated in the northern half of Transnistria, on the left bank of the Dniester, and is separated from the river by a concrete dam. The town is the seat of the Rîbnița District.
Grigoriopol is a town in the Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester, Moldova. It is the seat of the Grigoriopol District of Transnistria. The city is located on the left (eastern) bank of the river Dniester, in central Transnistria.
Transnistria is a region in Eastern Europe that is under the effective control of the self-declared Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic but is recognized by the international community as an administrative unit of Moldova, the Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester.
The Transnistria War was an armed conflict that broke out on 2 November 1990 in Dubăsari between pro-Transnistria forces, including the Transnistrian Republican Guard, militia and neo-Cossack units, which were supported by elements of the Russian 14th Army, and pro-Moldovan forces, including Moldovan troops and police.
This is the history of Transnistria, officially the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR), an unrecognised breakaway state that is internationally recognised as part of Moldova. Transnistria controls most of the narrow strip of land between the Dniester river and the Moldovan–Ukrainian border, as well as some land on the other side of the river's bank.
The Romanian-language schools in Transnistria are subject to limitations by the government of Transnistria, an unrecognized breakaway region of Moldova since 1992.
Although most commonly known in English as Transnistria, the official name of the region is Pridnestrovie. Here is a detailed explanation of the names used for Transnistria, both official and unofficial, as they appear in the local languages and in English.
The state of affairs with human rights in Transnistria has been criticized by several governments and international organizations. The Republic of Moldova, and other states and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) claim that the government of Transnistria is authoritarian and has a record of arbitrary arrest and torture.
Varnița is a village in the Anenii Noi District, in south-eastern Moldova, located near Bender (Tighina). It is also considered a suburb of Bender.
The official state language of Moldova is Romanian, which is the native language of 78.6% of the population ; it is also spoken as a primary language by other ethnic minorities. Gagauz, Russian, and Ukrainian languages are granted official regional status in Gagauzia and/or Transnistria.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Transnistria:
Crasnoe is an urban-type settlement or town in the Slobozia District of Transnistria, Moldova. It is under the administration of the breakaway government of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic.
Vadim Nikolayevich Krasnoselsky is a Transnistrian politician who is the 3rd and current President of Transnistria. Previously, he served as a member of the Supreme Council of Transnistria from the 7th district, as 6th Speaker of the Supreme Council (2015–2016) and the 7th Minister of the Interior.
The government of Transnistria, a breakaway state internationally recognized as part of Moldova, has requested annexation by Russia numerous times. Transnistria is a territory that separated itself from Moldova due to fear of a possible unification of the latter with Romania. This sparked the Transnistria War, in which Russian-backed Transnistria managed to stay separate from Moldova. Despite this, today Transnistria is legally and internationally considered part of Moldova.
Romania–Transnistria relations are the bilateral relations between the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, internationally recognized as part of Moldova, and Romania. Romania does not recognize the independence of Transnistria.
The so-called Berlin Plus package is the name given to a series of eight points that were agreed to be implemented in a protocol signed in 2016 during a meeting of the 5+2 format that took place on that year in Berlin, Germany, to improve the situation of the Transnistria conflict between Moldova and the unrecognized breakaway state of Transnistria. These eight points, which had been under negotiation since 2012, are the following:
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