An academic degree is a qualification awarded to a student upon successful completion of a course of study in higher education, usually at a college or university. These institutions often offer degrees at various levels, usually divided into undergraduate and postgraduate degrees. The most common undergraduate degree is the bachelor's degree, although some educational systems offer lower-level undergraduate degrees such as associate and foundation degrees. Common postgraduate degrees include engineer's degrees, master's degrees and doctorates.
A doctorate or doctoral degree is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism licentia docendi.
Habilitation is the highest university degree, or the procedure by which it is achieved, in Germany, France, Italy and some other European and non-English-speaking countries. The candidate fulfills a university's set criteria of excellence in research, teaching, and further education, which usually includes a dissertation. The degree, sometimes abbreviated Dr. habil., Dr hab., or D.Sc., is often a qualification for full professorship in those countries. In German-speaking countries it allows the degree holder to bear the title PD. In a number of countries there exists an academic post of docent, appointment to which often requires such a qualification. The degree conferral is usually accompanied by a public oral defence event with one or more opponents. Habilitation is usually awarded 5–15 years after a PhD degree or its equivalent. Achieving this academic degree does not automatically give the scientist a paid position, though many people who apply for the degree already have steady university employment.
Education in Slovakia consists of a free education system based on 10 years of compulsory school maintenance.
A Doctor of Science is a science doctorate awarded in a number of countries throughout the world.
The Doctor of Technology is a degree normally conferred upon candidates after having completed a course of study in technology and a dissertation or a project of lengthy duration in a technologically related field. Like other doctorates, it is usually an academic degree at the highest level equivalent to a PhD.
The Volgograd State Pedagogical University is one of the major pedagogical institutions in the Russian Federation. The university is located in Volgograd, formerly known as Stalingrad (Russia).
Higher Attestation Commission is a name of a national government agency in Russia, Ukraine and some other post-Soviet states that oversees awarding of advanced academic degrees. Due to translation differences, these committees are sometimes translated as the "State Supreme Certification Commission" or other similar variation; the common Cyrillic-based acronym of VAK remains a constant with all versions.
Doctor of Sciences is a higher doctoral degree in the Russian Empire, Soviet Union and many post-Soviet countries, which may be earned after the Candidate of Sciences.
A Doctor of Philosophy is a terminal degree, that usually denotes the highest level of academic achievement in a given discipline and is awarded following a course of graduate study and original research. The name of the degree is most often abbreviated PhD, pronounced as three separate letters.
Higher education in Ukraine operates several levels, all of which are regulated by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. In early 2016, Ukraine had 802 universities, but the Ministry intends to lower that number to 317. Ukraine had 1,586,700 higher education students in 2016-17.
Mikhail Vasilyevich Popov is a Soviet Russian scientist in the fields of philosophy and economy. Doktor Nauk in Philosophical Sciences (1989), Professor at the Saint Petersburg State University, Member of the Petrovskaya Academy of Sciences and Arts. He is a popularizer of Marxism and socialism.
A Doctor of Law is a doctorate in legal studies.
Academic ranks in Russia are the conferred titles, indicating relative importance and power of professors, researchers, and administrative personnel in Russian academia and scientific institutions. The rank “certifies” the demonstrated ability of an individual to function in the specific academic position(s).
David Egorovich Dolidze was a Georgian and Soviet mathematician, known from his work in the mathematical theory of fluid motion. In particular he rediscovered an important uniqueness theorem for the classical solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations for an incompressible fluid, previously proved by Emanuele Foà.
Kateryna Kyrylenko is a Ukrainian teacher of philosophy, professor of philosophy at Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts, and the spouse of Ukrainian minister and politician Vyacheslav Kyrylenko. She became famous after getting her Doctor of Sciences degree in pedagogy in November, 2015 and opposition of Ukrainian scientific community to it.
Numan Yunusovich Satimov was a Soviet and Uzbek mathematician, Doktor Nauk in Physical and Mathematical Sciences, academician of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan (2000), and corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of UzSSR from 1979 to 2006, and a laureate of the Biruni State Prize (1985). He was a specialist in the theory of differential equations, control theory and their applications.
Maria Sidorovna Butinova, née Dolgonosova, was a Soviet and Russian ethnographer, historian, and religious scholar. As a doctor of historical sciences, she was a specialist in the field of religion of Oceania.
Nikolay Petrovich Krasnikov was active in Soviet academia as a philosopher, historian, and religious scholar.
