Sharia is a body of religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition. It is derived from the religious precepts of Islam and is based on the sacred scriptures of Islam,particularly the Quran and the Hadith. In Arabic,the term sharīʿah refers to God's immutable divine law and is contrasted with fiqh,which refers to its human scholarly interpretations. In the historical course,fiqh sects have emerged that reflect the preferences of certain societies and state administrations on behalf of people who are interested in the theoretical (method) and practical application studies of laws and rules,but sharia has never been a valid legal system on its own. It has been used together with "customary (Urf) law" since Omar or the Umayyads.
The University of Notre Dame du Lac,known simply as Notre Dame or ND,is a private Catholic research university in Notre Dame,Indiana,outside the city of South Bend. French priest Edward Sorin founded the school in 1842. The main campus covers 1,261 acres in a suburban setting and contains landmarks such as the Golden Dome,the Word of Life mural,Notre Dame Stadium,and the Basilica. Originally for men,although some women earned degrees in 1918,the university began formally accepting undergraduate female students in 1972.
Alasdair Chalmers MacIntyre is a Scottish-American philosopher who has contributed to moral and political philosophy as well as history of philosophy and theology. MacIntyre's After Virtue (1981) is one of the most important works of Anglophone moral and political philosophy in the 20th century. He is senior research fellow at the Centre for Contemporary Aristotelian Studies in Ethics and Politics (CASEP) at London Metropolitan University,Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame,and permanent senior distinguished research fellow at the Notre Dame Center for Ethics and Culture. During his lengthy academic career,he also taught at Brandeis University,Duke University,Vanderbilt University,and Boston University.
Notre Dame Law School is the professional graduate law school of the University of Notre Dame. Established in 1869,it is the oldest continuously operating Catholic law school in the United States. ND Law is ranked 22nd among the nation's "Top 100 Law Schools" by U.S. News &World Report and 14th by Above The Law in their annual Top 50 Law School Rankings. It is ranked 8th in graduates attaining federal judicial clerkships and 7th in graduates attaining Supreme Court clerkships.
International law is the set of rules,norms,and standards generally recognized as binding between states. It establishes normative guidelines and a common conceptual framework for states across a broad range of domains,including war,diplomacy,economic relations,and human rights. Scholars distinguish between international legal institutions on the basis of their obligations,precision,and delegation.
The Pepperdine University Rick J. Caruso School of Law is the law school of Pepperdine University,a private research university in Los Angeles County,California. The school offers the Juris Doctor (JD),and various Masters of Laws (LLM) options in Dispute Resolution,International Commercial Arbitration,United States Law,and Entertainment,Media,and Sports Law. The school also offers joint degrees with its JD and Master of Dispute Resolution (MDR) in partnership with other Pepperdine University graduate schools. The school now offers an online Master of Legal Studies program and an online Master of Dispute Resolution program.
Legal cultures are described as being temporary outcomes of interactions and occur pursuant to a challenge and response paradigm. Analyses of core legal paradigms shape the characteristics of individual and distinctive legal cultures. "Comparative legal cultures are examined by a field of scholarship,which is situated at the line bordering comparative law and historical jurisprudence."
Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been variously described as a science and as the art of justice. State-enforced laws can be made by a group legislature or by a single legislator,resulting in statutes;by the executive through decrees and regulations;or established by judges through precedent,usually in common law jurisdictions. Private individuals may create legally binding contracts,including arbitration agreements that adopt alternative ways of resolving disputes to standard court litigation. The creation of laws themselves may be influenced by a constitution,written or tacit,and the rights encoded therein. The law shapes politics,economics,history and society in various ways and serves as a mediator of relations between people.
The Dickson Poon School of Law is the law school of King's College London,itself part of the federal University of London,and serves as one of the nine schools of study within the college. It is situated on the Strand in the East Wing of Somerset House,in close proximity to the Royal Courts of Justice and the four Inns of Court in the heart of London's legal quarter. Among the most prestigious and selective law schools in the world,is currently ranked in the global top 15 and fifth in both Europe and the UK.
Patrick M. Regan is a professor of Political Science and Peace Studies at University of Notre Dame. His research focuses on International Relations and Conflict Management.
Scott Gates is an American political scientist and economist based in Norway. He was director of the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO)'s Centre for the Study of Civil War (CSCW),which was a Norwegian Center of Excellence funded by the Research Council of Norway for a twelve-year period 2002-2013. He is currently a Research Professor at PRIO,a Guest Researcher at ESOP in the Department of Economics at the University in Oslo and also holds a professorship in the Department of Political science at the University of Oslo. He used to work at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and Michigan State University (MSU).
Internet and Technology Law Desk Reference is a non-fiction book about information technology law,written by Michael Dennis Scott. The book uses wording from legal cases to define information technology jargon,and gives citations to individual lawsuits. Scott received his B.S. degree from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and graduated with a J.D. from the University of California,Los Angeles. He has taught as a law professor at Southwestern Law School. The book was published by Aspen Law and Business in 1999. Multiple subsequent editions were published under the imprint Aspen Publishers. Internet and Technology Law Desk Reference was recommended by the Cyberlaw Research Resources Guide at the James E. Rogers College of Law,and has been used as a reference in law journals including University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Economic Law,and Berkeley Technology Law Journal.
Ebrahim Moosa is the Mirza Family Professor of Islamic Thought &Muslim Societies at the University of Notre Dame with appointments in the Department of History and in the Kroc Institute for International Studies in the Keough School of Global Affairs. He is co-director of the Contending Modernities program at Notre Dame. He was previously Professor of Religion and Islamic Studies at Duke University. He is considered a leading scholar of contemporary Muslim thought. Moosa has been named as one of the top 500 Influential Muslims in the World.
Mary Ellen O'Connell is the Robert and Marion Short Professor of Law at the University of Notre Dame Law School and a research professor of international dispute resolution at Notre Dame's Kroc Institute for International Peace in Studies. Since joining the Notre Dame Law School in 2005,she has taught the courses International Law,International Law and the Use of Force,International Dispute Resolution,International Environmental Law,International Art Law,and Contracts. Prior to joining Notre Dame's faculty,she taught at Ohio State University (1999–2005),as the William B. Saxbe Designated Professor of Law in the Moritz College of Law and was a senior fellow of the Mershon Center for the Study of International Security and Public Policy. She was also a visiting professor at the University of Cincinnati College of Law (1998–1999).
Santiago Legarre is an Argentine intellectual and a professor of law at Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina.
Sara McLaughlin Mitchell is an American political scientist and the F. Wendell Miller Professor of Political Science at University of Iowa. She is known for her expertise on international relations and political methodology.
Krista Eileen Wiegand is an American political scientist. She is an associate professor of Political Science and Director of the Global Security Program at the Howard H. Baker Jr. Center for Public Policy at the University of Tennessee. She is also the Co-Editor-in-Chief of the journal International Studies Quarterly until the end of 2023.
Islamic Law and International Law:Peaceful Settlement of Disputes is a 2020 book by the American political scientist Emilia Justyna Powell,in which the author examines the presence of Islamic law-related arguments in the jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice.
