Emilio F. Moran (born 21 July 1946) is a Cuban and American anthropologist, retired from Indian University and affiliated with Michigan State University (MSU) since 2013.
Emilio F. Moran (born 21 July 1946) is a Cuban and American anthropologist, retired from Indian University and affiliated with Michigan State University (MSU) since 2013.
Moran was raised in Havana, Cuba, and came to the United States during high school. He studied for a B.A. in Spanish American Literature at Spring Hill College in Alabama. He then completed an M.A. in Latin American History (1969) and a Ph.D. in Social Anthropology (1975) at the University of Florida, where he studied the effects of the Trans-Amazonian Highway.
Moran taught at Indiana University from 1975 to 2012, [1] and is an emeritus professor there. He founded the Center for the Study of Institutions, People, and Environmental Change (CIPEC) with Elinor Ostrom. He taught briefly at the University of Arizona.
Moran was trained as an environmental anthropologist, focusing on populations in the Amazon Basin experiencing dislocation through resettlement, particularly from highways and dams. He has been extremely critical of large hydroelectric dams as a method to generate power, given their inefficiencies and effects on local populations and environments. [2] He has shown how displaced Amazonian shifting cultivators moved to extensive annual cropping, and on to become intensive managers of permanent crops or irrigated areas in diversified livelihood systems. He used remote sensing methods and ground-level methods of data gathering to understand the linkages between global, regional and local-level processes. Research questions included how people impact forests, how they organize to manage their resources, and what role population plays in their shifting actions. His work was made difficult by the Brazilian military dictatorship (1964-1984) but since then, he has directed large scientific projects and involved Brazilian colleagues and PhD students. [3]
More recently he has worked on solar panels and small generators suspended in jungle rivers in the Amazon, to bring lights, refrigeration, and cell phone charging to remote communities. [4]
His work has been cited almost 40,000 times (2023).
Pastoralism is a form of animal husbandry where domesticated animals are released onto large vegetated outdoor lands (pastures) for grazing, historically by nomadic people who moved around with their herds. The animal species involved include cattle, camels, goats, yaks, llamas, reindeer, horses, and sheep.
Shelton H. Davis was an American cultural anthropologist and activist for the rights of indigenous peoples. His academic and organizational work with Latin American indigenous communities contributed to the late 20th century public interest anthropology movement.
Ecological anthropology is a sub-field of anthropology and is defined as the "study of cultural adaptations to environments". The sub-field is also defined as, "the study of relationships between a population of humans and their biophysical environment". The focus of its research concerns "how cultural beliefs and practices helped human populations adapt to their environments, and how people used elements of their culture to maintain their ecosystems". Ecological anthropology developed from the approach of cultural ecology, and it provided a conceptual framework more suitable for scientific inquiry than the cultural ecology approach. Research pursued under this approach aims to study a wide range of human responses to environmental problems.
The Trans-Amazonian Highway, was introduced on September 27, 1972. It is 4,000 km long, making it the third longest highway in Brazil. It runs through the Amazon forest and the Brazilian states of Paraíba, Ceará, Piauí, Maranhão, Tocantins, Pará and Amazonas, from the proximities of Saboeiro up until the town of Lábrea.
The Machiguenga are an indigenous people who live in the high jungle, or montaña, area on the eastern slopes of the Andes and in the Amazon Basin jungle regions of southeastern Peru. Their population in 2020 amounted to about 18,000. Formerly they were hunter-gatherer but today the majority are sedentary swidden cultivators. The main crops grown are manioc, maize, and bananas, but today commercial crops such as coffee and cacao are increasingly important. Their main source of protein used to be peccary and monkeys but today fish has become more important as game animals have become increasingly scarce as a consequence of the encroachment from highland immigrants to the area and the exploitation of the Camisea gas finds. The Machiguenga people have a preference for self-sufficiency when it comes to cultivating essential crops, made possible by their generous land allocation per capita, and the lack of conflict in their area.
Ethnoecology is the scientific study of how different groups of people living in different locations understand the ecosystems around them, and their relationships with surrounding environments.
Roy Abraham Rappaport (1926–1997) was an American anthropologist known for his contributions to the anthropological study of ritual and to ecological anthropology.
Bride service has traditionally been portrayed in the anthropological literature as the service rendered by the bridegroom to a bride's family as a bride price or part of one. Bride service and bride wealth models frame anthropological discussions of kinship in many regions of the world.
Andrew P. "Pete" Vayda was a Hungarian-born American anthropologist and ecologist who was a distinguished professor emeritus of anthropology and ecology at Rutgers University.
Biocultural anthropology can be defined in numerous ways. It is the scientific exploration of the relationships between human biology and culture. "Instead of looking for the underlying biological roots of human behavior, biocultural anthropology attempts to understand how culture affects our biological capacities and limitations."
Carlos Augusto Peres is a Brazilian field biologist and conservation biologist who works in the Amazon rainforest and other neotropical forest regions on questions involving wildlife and biological conservation. His research interests are in the large-scale patterns of large-bodied vertebrate diversity and abundance in Amazonian forests; the effects of different forms on human disturbance, including hunting, habitat fragmentation and wildfires, on Amazonian forest vertebrates; and reserve selection and design criteria in relation to regional gradients of biodiversity value and implementation costs. He currently co-directs three research programs on natural resource management in the eastern, southern and western Amazon basin focusing on the ecology of natural and heavily modified landscapes and their role in the retention of biodiversity.
Darrell Addison Posey was an American anthropologist and biologist who vitalized the study of traditional knowledge of indigenous and folk populations in Brazil and other countries. He called his approach ethnobiology and combined research with respect for other cultures, especially indigenous intellectual property rights.
A. Roberto Frisancho is a biological anthropologist and the Arthur F. Thurnau Professor of Anthropology at the University of Michigan. He is the 2008 recipient of the Franz Boas Distinguished Achievement Award in Anthropology bestowed by the American Human Biology Association. He is best known for his work on developmental human adaptation to extreme environments such as high altitudes, growth, anthropometry and evaluation of nutritional status. Specifically, he advanced the hypothesis and demonstrated that the origin of adult variability of biological phenotypic traits are function of the effects and adaptations to environmental conditions that the organism makes during the developmental stage. Within this conceptual framework, he has contributed numerous papers on bioenergetics, the nutrition and developmental determinants of pre-natal and post-natal growth including teenage pregnancy. In 2013, he received the Charles Darwin Lifetime Achievement Award bestowed by the American Association of Physical Anthropologists.
Roy Frank Ellen, FBA FRAI is a British professor of anthropology and human ecology, with a particular interest in ethnobiology and the cultural transmission of ethnobiological knowledge.
Environmental anthropology is a sub-discipline of anthropology that examines the complex relationships between humans and the environments which they inhabit. This takes many shapes and forms, whether it be examining the hunting/gathering patterns of humans tens of thousands of years ago, archaeological investigations of early agriculturalists and their impact on deforestation or soil erosion, or how modern human societies are adapting to climate change and other anthropogenic environmental issues. This sub-field of anthropology developed in the 1960s from cultural ecology as anthropologists borrowed methods and terminology from growing developments in ecology and applied then to understand human cultures.
Denny Moore is an American linguist, and anthropologist.
A várzea forest is a seasonal floodplain forest inundated by whitewater rivers that occurs in the Amazon biome. Until the late 1970s, the definition was less clear and várzea was often used for all periodically flooded Amazonian forests.
Marcus Alexander "Marco" Janssen is a Dutch American econometrician and Professor at the Arizona State University and Director of its Center for Behavior, Institutions, and the Environment. He is known for his work on the modelling of socio-ecological systems.
Norman J. Sauer is an American forensic anthropologist and professor emeritus of anthropology at Michigan State University (MSU).
Jianguo Liu is a Chinese American ecologist and sustainability scientist specializing in the human-environment and sustainability studies. He is University Distinguished Professor at Michigan State University.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Academics | |
| Other | |
