Emma Crewe | |
|---|---|
 Miss Emma Crewe and Miss Elizabeth Crewe by John Dixon after Sir Joshua Reynolds | |
| Born | 14 July 1741 London |
| Died | c1795 |
| Nationality | British |
| Spouse | Foster Cunliffe-Offley |
| Relatives | Elizabeth Shuttleworth (mother); John Crewe (father); Elizabeth Crewe (sister); John Crewe (brother); Frances Crewe (sister-in-law) |
Emma Crewe (born 1741, d. in or after 1795) was a British artist known for her designs for Josiah Wedgwood, and for her botanical art.
Crewe was the daughter of Elizabeth Shuttleworth, herself daughter of Richard Shuttleworth (1683–1749), MP for Lancashire (1705–49), and John Crewe (1709–1752), MP for Cheshire (1734–52). She was the second of six children and was particularly close to her younger sister Elizabeth (1744–1826). Crewe did not marry. She was financially secure due to a family trust set up by her father before his death, and she lived part of the time with her brother John Crewe, 1st Baron Crewe and his wife, society hostess Frances Crewe, Lady Crewe, through whom she met Josiah Wedgwood. [1]
Along with Diana Beauclerk (1734–1808) and Elizabeth Templetown (1747–1823), Crewe contributed designs in the Romantic style to Josiah Wedgwood for reproduction in his studio in Rome. [2]
Crewe also made botanical art. She was part of Erasmus Darwin's circle and painted the Frontispiece to his The Loves of the Plants (2nd Ed., 1790). She was criticized for this piece by Richard Polwhele in The Unsex'd Females : "There is a charming delicacy in most of the pictures of Miss Emma Crewe; though I think, in her "Flora at play with Cupid," … she has rather overstepped the modesty of nature, by giving the portrait an air of voluptuousness too luxuriously melting." [3]
Her drawings and designs are held by the British Museum, the Victoria and Albert Museum, and other notable institutions. [1]
Erasmus Robert Darwin was an English physician. One of the key thinkers of the Midlands Enlightenment, he was also a natural philosopher, physiologist, slave-trade abolitionist, inventor, freemason, and poet.
Josiah Wedgwood was an English potter, entrepreneur and abolitionist. Founding the Wedgwood company in 1759, he developed improved pottery bodies by systematic experimentation, and was the leader in the industrialisation of the manufacture of European pottery.
Anna Seward was an English Romantic poet, often called the Swan of Lichfield. She benefited from her father's progressive views on female education.
The Lady Lever Art Gallery is a museum founded and built by the industrialist and philanthropist William Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme and opened in 1922. The Lady Lever Art Gallery is set in the garden village of Port Sunlight, on the Wirral and one of the National Museums Liverpool.
Emma Darwin was an English woman who was the wife and first cousin of Charles Darwin. They were married on 29 January 1839 and were the parents of ten children, seven of whom survived to adulthood.
Susannah Darwin was the wife of Robert Darwin, a wealthy doctor, and mother of naturalist Charles Darwin, and part of the Wedgwood pottery family.
Wedgwood is a British pottery firm founded by Josiah Wedgwood.
The Darwin–Wedgwood family are members of two connected families, each noted for particular prominent 18th-century figures: Erasmus Darwin, a physician and natural philosopher, and Josiah Wedgwood FRS, a noted potter and founder of the eponymous Josiah Wedgwood & Sons pottery company. The Darwin and Wedgwood families were on friendly terms for much of their history and members intermarried, notably Charles Darwin, who married Emma Wedgwood.
Josiah Wedgwood II, the son of the English potter Josiah Wedgwood, continued his father's firm and was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Stoke-upon-Trent from 1832 to 1835. He was an abolitionist, and detested slavery.
Erasmus Alvey Darwin, nicknamed Eras or Ras, was the older brother of Charles Darwin, born five years earlier. They were brought up at the family home, The Mount House, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England. He was the only other son besides Charles, the fourth of six children of Susannah and Robert Darwin, and the grandson of Erasmus Darwin and of Josiah Wedgwood, a family of the Unitarian church. He was a member of the semi-secretive Cambridge Apostles society, a debating club largely reserved for the brightest students.
Jasperware, or jasper ware, is a type of pottery first developed by Josiah Wedgwood in the 1770s. Usually described as stoneware, it has an unglazed matte "biscuit" finish and is produced in a number of different colours, of which the most common and best known is a pale blue that has become known as "Wedgwood blue". Relief decorations in contrasting colours are characteristic of jasperware, giving a cameo effect. The reliefs are produced in moulds and applied to the ware as sprigs.
John Wedgwood, the eldest son of the potter Josiah Wedgwood, was a partner in the Wedgwood pottery firm 1790–1793 and again 1800–1812.
Wedgwood is an English fine china, porcelain and luxury accessories manufacturer that was founded on 1 May 1759 by the potter and entrepreneur Josiah Wedgwood and was first incorporated in 1895 as Josiah Wedgwood and Sons Ltd. It was rapidly successful and was soon one of the largest manufacturers of Staffordshire pottery, "a firm that has done more to spread the knowledge and enhance the reputation of British ceramic art than any other manufacturer", exporting across Europe as far as Russia, and to the Americas. It was especially successful at producing fine earthenware and stoneware that were accepted as equivalent in quality to porcelain, though considerably less expensive.
Richard Polwhele was a Cornish clergyman, poet and historian of Cornwall and Devon.
The Unsex'd Females, a Poem (1798), by Richard Polwhele, is a polemical intervention into the public debates over the role of women at the end of the 18th century. The poem is primarily concerned with what Polwhele characterizes as the encroachment of radical French political and philosophical ideas into British society, particularly those associated with the Enlightenment. These subjects come together, for Polwhele, in the revolutionary figure of Mary Wollstonecraft.
Lady Diana Beauclerk was an English noblewoman and celebrated artist.
Emma Darwin: A Century of Family Letters 1792-1896 is a book in two volumes, edited by Henrietta Litchfield about her mother, Emma Darwin and letters from their family. It was originally privately published in 1904 as Emma Darwin, Wife of Charles Darwin: A Century of Family Letters, but was publicly published under the shorter title in 1915 by John Murray.
Maria Elizabetha Jacson was an eighteenth-century English writer, as was her sister, Frances Jacson (1754–1842), known for her books on botany at a time when there were significant obstacles to women's authorship. In some sources her name appears as Maria Jackson, Mary Jackson or Mary Elizabeth Jackson. She spent most of her life in Cheshire and Derbyshire, where she lived with her sister following her father's death.
The Frog Service or Green Frog Service is a large dinner and dessert service made by the English pottery company Wedgwood for Empress Catherine the Great of Russia, and completed in 1774. The service had fifty settings, and 944 pieces were ordered, 680 for the dinner service and 264 for the dessert. At Catherine's request the hand-painted decoration showed British scenes, copied from prints, with a total of 1,222 views. In addition each piece had a green frog within a shield, a reference to the name of the palace it was intended for.
Caroline Sarah Wedgwood was an English botanist. She was a member of the Darwin–Wedgwood family and the elder sister of English naturalist Charles Darwin. In the 1850s she planted the Leith Hill Rhododendron Wood, which in 1944 was bequeathed to the National Trust by her grandson, composer Ralph Vaughan Williams.
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