Engrailed homeobox protein

Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Engrailed homeobox C-terminal signature domain
Identifiers
Symbol	Engrail_1_C_sig
Pfam	PF10525
InterPro	IPR019549
Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Last updated March 30, 2019

In molecular biology, the engrailed homeobox proteins are a family of homeobox proteins which are characterised by the presence of a region of some 20 amino-acid residues located at the C-terminal of the 'homeobox' domain. This region forms a signature pattern for this subfamily of proteins.^[1]

A protein family is a group of evolutionarily-related proteins. In many cases a protein family has a corresponding gene family, in which each gene encodes a corresponding protein with a 1:1 relationship. The term protein family should not be confused with family as it is used in taxonomy.

A homeobox is a DNA sequence, around 180 base pairs long, found within genes that are involved in the regulation of patterns of anatomical development (morphogenesis) in animals, fungi and plants. These genes encode homeodomain protein products that are transcription factors sharing a characteristic protein fold structure that binds DNA. The "homeo-" prefix in the words "homeobox" and "homeodomain" stems from the mutational phenotype known as "homeosis", which is frequently observed when these genes are mutated in animals. Homeosis is a term coined by William Bateson to describe the outright replacement of a discrete body part with another body part. Homeobox genes are not only found in animals, but have also been found in fungi, for example the unicellular yeasts, in plants, and numerous single cell eukaryotes.

Related Research Articles

Homeobox protein Hox-B7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXB7 gene.

Homeobox D10, also known as HOXD10, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the HOXD10 gene.

Homeobox protein Hox-B5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXB5 gene.

Homeobox protein Hox-B1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXB1 gene.

Homeobox protein Hox-D3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXD3 gene.

Homeobox protein Hox-B3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXB3 gene.

Homeobox protein Hox-D9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXD9 gene.

Homeobox protein Hox-D4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXD4 gene.

Paired related homeobox 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRRX1 gene.

Homeobox protein Hox-D12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXD12 gene.

Homeobox protein engrailed-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EN1 gene.

Homeobox protein Hox-D1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXD1 gene.

Homeobox protein Hox-C5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXC5 gene.

Homeobox protein Hox-D8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXD8 gene.

Homeobox protein Nkx-6.2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NKX6-2 gene.

Homeobox protein DBX1, also known as developing brain homeobox protein 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DBX1 gene. The DBX1 gene is a transcription factor gene that is pivotal in interneuron differentiation in the ventral spinal cord. The spinal interneurons V0 and V1 are derived from progenitor domains that are differentiated by the expression of homeodomain proteins DBX1 and DBX2. DBX1 is spatially restricted and has a critical role in establishing the distinction of V0 and V1 neuronal fate. In DBX1 mutant mice, neural progenitors fail to generate V0 interneurons and instead gave rise to interneurons expressing V1 characteristics, such as their transcription factor profile, neurotransmitter phenotype, migratory pattern, and aspects of their axonal trajectory, suggesting that this single homeodomain transcription factor coordinates many of the differentiated properties of one class of interneurons generated in the ventral spinal cord. V0 and V1 interneurons are thought to be critical in the role of rhythmic breathing, after using a neonatal mouse model. Destruction of these DBX1 neurons in the pre-Botzinger complex showed an impaired respiratory rhythm as well as a decreased magnitude of motor output activity.

Homeobox protein DBX2, also known as developing brain homeobox protein 2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DBX2 gene.

Homeobox protein Mohawk, also known as iroquois homeobox protein-like 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MKX gene.

Short stature homeobox 2, also known as homeobox protein Og12X or paired-related homeobox protein SHOT, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SHOX2 gene.

References

↑ Scott MP, Tamkun JW, Hartzell GW (July 1989). "The structure and function of the homeodomain". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 989 (1): 25–48. doi:10.1016/0304-419x(89)90033-4. PMID 2568852.

This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro IPR019549

The public domain consists of all the creative works to which no exclusive intellectual property rights apply. Those rights may have expired, been forfeited, expressly waived, or may be inapplicable.

Pfam is a database of protein families that includes their annotations and multiple sequence alignments generated using hidden Markov models. The most recent version, Pfam 32.0, was released in September 2018 and contains 17,929 families.

InterPro is a database of protein families, domains and functional sites in which identifiable features found in known proteins can be applied to new protein sequences in order to functionally characterise them.

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[pmid2568852-1] Scott MP, Tamkun JW, Hartzell GW (July 1989). "The structure and function of the homeodomain". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 989 (1): 25–48. doi:10.1016/0304-419x(89)90033-4. PMID 2568852.