Entregadores Antifascistas

Last updated September 28, 2023

Entregadores Antifascistas is the name of a movement that has emerged in Brazil at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. This movement has been focused on the public denunciation of labor conditions of food delivery workers in Brazil, under the gig economy.^[1]

Background

It was estimated in 2019 that "4 million Brazilians 'employed' by companies such as Uber, iFood, 99 and Rappi, constituting some of the largest 'employers' in the country"^[2] During the pandemic, the demand for informal jobs has increased. In response to that precarity of labor, Paulo Roberto da Silva Lima (nicknamed Paulo Galo or Galo de Luta) started to denounce the conditions he faced, and consequently started a movement. This movement, the "Entregadores Antifascistas", gained most traction once it reached the internet and has " become one of the most significant striker movements of the year 2020 in Brazil."^[3] With its growing relevance, the movement has been widely covered by prominent media outlets in Brazil, such as Carta Capital,^[4] Folha de S. Paulo,^[5] The Intercept Brasil,^[6] R7 ^[7] Globo,^[8] as well as generating high repercussion online, on social media.

According to R7,^[9] workers earn around R $2,000 or R $2,500 per month, provided they work around 8 to 12 hours a day, 26 days a month. Despite, 56,7% of them work more than 9 hours per day during the pandemic and 52% are currently working all 7 days of the week. From conducted interviews, 60% of workers claim they did not receive support to reduce the risk of contamination by COVID-19. Of the respondents, only 19.4% said they were provided with hand sanitizer by the companies.^[9]

Strikes

The first national strike was held on 1 July, followed by another, on the 25th. The strike on 1 July encompassed about 8 thousand delivery workers.^[10] The aim of the strikes was to petition an increase and pay per km, the minimum amount per order and the end of unfair blockages. The protesters also press on the need for risk insurance such as health, accident and equipment, as well as assistance with protection from the Corona Virus.^[11]

Paulo Galo

Universo Online (UOL) is a Brazilian web content company, which has actively provided coverage on the movement's development. On an article on early July, Paulo Galo's story is reported. His story begins on 21 March 2020. On that day, Galo was carrying out his job as a delivery worker, when the tire of his bike got flat. As he called the company Uber to explain he would not be able to complete the order, he was assured there were no problems. Nevertheless, on the next day, Galo found himself blocked from the app which provided him with his sole income. Paulo Galo then reports his instance on a video that went viral on Brazilian social networks.^[12] As a result, Galo created the movement "Entregadores Antifascistas". The delivery man also launched an online petition, which already has more than 380 thousand signatures.^[13]

As reported by Carta Capital in July 2020,^[14] Galo is a gig worker and he is the founder of the social movement that consists of 40 delivery men present in 11 different states. On that article, Galo claims "I created the whole thing, I was the first delivery man to show up, to hit. But the movement is made up of intellectual workers, there are several of them going to college for Architecture, Political Science, I didn't even finish high school"

When interviewed by Carta Capital,^[14] Paulo Galo claims the strike on July 1 leaves a positive mark on the fight. "It was the biggest one so far," although he understands that there is still a long way to go. In contrast, Galo also noted he has not yet noticed any practical results or change by the companies.

On 28 March 2021, Galo was detained by the police on Avenida Paulista, in the central region of São Paulo. As stated by the police report,^[15] Galo was arrested for contempt of authorities and then taken to the 078th Police District of Jardins. In the presence of lawyers, he was released around 12:15 pm (Brasília time). The arrest happened after a chase, which began in Pinheiros, in the west of the city, where the delivery man was reportedly insulted by a police vehicle and responded to the offenses, as he reported to the Alma Preta website.^[16]

#BrequeDosApps

The movement #BrequeDosApps, was strongly supported by the "Entregadores Antifascistas". "In Portuguese, breque comes from the verb brecar, which means braking, making a vehicle stop through the brakes. In this sense, in wordplay, the movement proposes to stop sales by the app".^[11]

On Wednesday, 1 September 2020, hundreds of delivery workers have joined a strike by refusing to work. Among the main demands of #BrequeDosApps are the increase in the rate per kilometer traveled, the increase in the minimum value per delivery and the end of blockages without justification, in addition to the recent request for more protection and safety in the pandemic of the new coronavirus.^[17]

Related Research Articles

Clube Atlético Mineiro, commonly known as Atlético, Mineiro or Atlético Mineiro, and colloquially as Galo, is the biggest and oldest professional football club of Belo Horizonte, the capital city of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. The team competes in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, the first level of Brazilian football, as well as in the Campeonato Mineiro, the top tier state league of Minas Gerais.

The Workers' Party is a centre-left to left-wing political party in Brazil that is currently the country's ruling party. Some scholars classify its ideology in the 21st century as social democracy, with the party shifting from a broadly socialist ideology in the 1990s. Founded in 1980, PT governed at the federal level in a coalition government with several other parties from 1 January 2003 to 31 August 2016. After the 2002 parliamentary election, PT became the largest party in the Chamber of Deputies and the largest in the Federal Senate for the first time. With the highest approval rating in the history of the country, President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva is PT's most prominent member. Dilma Rousseff, also a member of PT, was elected twice but did not finish her second term due to her impeachment in 2016. The party came back to power with Lula's victory in the 2022 presidential election.

São Paulo is one of the 26 states of the Federative Republic of Brazil and is named after Saint Paul of Tarsus. A major industrial complex, the state has 21.9% of the Brazilian population and is responsible for 33.9% of Brazil's GDP. São Paulo also has the second-highest Human Development Index (HDI) and GDP per capita, the fourth-lowest infant mortality rate, the third-highest life expectancy, and the third-lowest rate of illiteracy among the federative units of Brazil. São Paulo alone is wealthier than Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Bolivia combined. São Paulo is also the world's twenty-eighth-most populous sub-national entity and the most populous sub-national entity in the Americas.

Central Única dos Trabalhadores, commonly known by the acronym CUT, is the main national trade union center in Brazil.

Sabrina Sato Rahal is a Brazilian television presenter. She was a contestant on Big Brother Brasil 3 (2003) and a hostess on comedy program Pânico na TV from 2004 until 2013. Since 2014, she has her own show on Record TV.

Censorship in Brazil, both cultural and political, occurred throughout the whole period following the colonization of the country. Even though most state censorship ended just before the period of redemocratization that started in 1985, Brazil still experiences a certain amount of non-official censorship today. The current legislation restricts freedom of expression concerning racism and the Constitution prohibits the anonymity of journalists.

Luiz Lindbergh Farias Filho, commonly known only as Lindbergh Farias, is a Brazilian former student union leader and politician.

General elections were held in Brazil on 7 October 2018 to elect the president, National Congress and state governors. As no candidate in the presidential election received more than 50% of the vote in the first round, a runoff round was held on 28 October.

Cristiane Brasil Francisco, commonly known as Cristiane Brasil, is a Brazilian lawyer and politician. Former member of the Brazilian Labor Party (PTB), had been Federal Deputy, representing the state of Rio de Janeiro between 2015 and 2019, and was nominated as Minister of Labour in January 2018, but the Federal Justice suspended the take up of office.

The 2018 Brazil truck drivers' strike, also called the diesel crisis, was a strike of self-employed truck drivers that began on 21 May 2018.

Djamila Taís Ribeiro dos Santos is a Brazilian Black feminist philosopher and journalist. She graduated in political philosophy from the Federal University of São Paulo, where she also earned a master's degree on the work of Simone de Beauvoir and Judith Butler. Ribeiro is a collaborating editor of weekly magazine CartaCapital, as well as a columnist for CartaCapital and Folha de S.Paulo.

The origins of feminism in Brazil trace back to the 19th century. During the Empire of Brazil, some jurists attempted to legalize women's suffrage, with or without the consent of the husband. Later, the republican constitution of 1891 did not exclude women from voting, because they were not considered individuals who could have rights. That made some women request, without success, their inclusion among the voters. The 1891 constitution initially had a clause that gave women the right to vote, but it was abolished in its last version because the idea that politics was not an honorable activity for women prevailed.

George Hilton dos Santos Cecílio more commonly known as George Hilton is a Brazilian politician and radio personality. Although born in Bahia, he has spent his political career representing Minas Gerais, having served as state representative since 2007.

Ana Paula Maia is a Brazilian writer and screenwriter.

Samba de breque is a subgenre of samba that emerged in Rio de Janeiro between the late 1930s and early 1940s.

The 2021 Brazilian protests were popular demonstrations that took place in different regions of Brazil in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Protests both supporting and opposing the government happened.

The Brazilian Workers' Confederation was the first national trade union center in Brazil, founded in 1908, under the bases of agreement of the First Brazilian Workers' Congress of 1906. Through its newspaper, A Voz do Trabalhador, it allowed a certain coordination and exchange of information within the Brazilian worker movement at the national level. The COB was formed by national industry and craft federations, local and state unions, unions isolated in places where there were no federations and non-federated industries.

The First presidency of Lula da Silva corresponds to the period in Brazilian political history that began with the inauguration of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva as President on January 1, 2003, in his fourth candidacy for this office and after defeating the PSDB candidate, José Serra, with 61.27% of the valid votes in a second round. Lula was the first former worker to become president of Brazil, and he governed the country for two consecutive terms. In October 2006, Lula was reelected to the presidency, defeating the PSDB candidate Geraldo Alckmin in the second round, obtaining more than 60% of the valid votes against 39.17% for his opponent. His term in office ended on January 1, 2011. Lula's government ended with record approval from the population, with more than 80% positive ratings.

More Brazil or Democratic Renovation Party is a political party in formation, founded on 26 October 2022 by the fusion of Patriota and the Brazilian Labour Party (PTB). Both parties didn't reach the electoral threshold in the 2022 general election. Consequently, they would not have access to resources of the partisan budget nor the right of political propaganda in radio and television.

The 1978–1980 ABC Paulista strikes were a series of workers' protests that took place in the ABC Region, in the context of the political opening of the military dictatorship, and marked the resurgence of the Brazilian labor movement after the repression promoted by the regime between 1968 and 1972.

References

↑ Amorim, Henrique; Moda (2020). "Work by App: Algorithmic Management and Working Conditions of Uber Drivers in Brazil". Work Organisation, Labour & Globalisation. 14 (1): 101–18. doi:10.13169/workorgalaboglob.14.1.0101.
↑ Putti, A (2019). "Apps são os maiores empregadores, mas precarização dá o tom nos trabalhos". CartaCapital (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 13 May 2021.
↑ Abílio, Ludmila Costhek; Almeida, Paula Freitas de; Amorim, Henrique; Cardoso, Ana Claudia Moreira; Fonseca, Vanessa Patriota da; Kalil, Renan Bernardi; Machado, Sidnei (8 June 2020). "Condições de trabalho de entregadores via plataforma digital durante a COVID-19". Revista Jurídica Trabalho e Desenvolvimento Humano. 3. doi: 10.33239/rjtdh.v.74 . ISSN 2595-9689.
↑ Basilio, Ana Luiza (7 July 2020). "Entregadores antifascistas: "A uberização vem pra suprimir direitos"". CartaCapital (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 13 May 2021.
↑ "'Entregador Antifascista' critica precarização do trabalho e omissão de veículos da imprensa". Folha de S.Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 23 February 2021. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
↑ de 2020, Rosana Pinheiro-Machado23 de Junho; 4h03. "Os entregadores antifascistas querem apps solidários à causa. Por que é importante ouvi-los". The Intercept Brasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved 13 May 2021.
↑ "Acreditaram na mentira do empreendedorismo, diz líder do Entregadores Antifascistas". www.folhape.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 13 May 2021.
↑ "'Adeus, iFood': entregadores tentam criar cooperativa para trabalhar sem patrão". Época (in Brazilian Portuguese). 27 July 2020. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
1 2 "Entregadores paralisam atividades hoje contra condições precárias". R7.com (in Brazilian Portuguese). 1 July 2020. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
↑ "Entregadores se dividem e marcam novas paralisações em São Paulo". R7.com (in Brazilian Portuguese). 14 July 2020. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
1 2 Costa Lage, Mariana Luísa da; Carlos Rodrigues, Antonio (30 November 2020). "Pandelivery: Reflections on black delivery app workers experiences during COVID-19 in Brazil". Gender, Work & Organization. Wiley Online Library: 1–12.
↑ "Greve do delivery: conheça o líder dos 'Entregadores Antifascistas'". www.uol.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 13 May 2021.
↑ "Galo, liderança dos Entregadores Antifascistas, fala do movimento". Vermelho (in Brazilian Portuguese). 1 July 2020. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
1 2 Basilio, Ana Luiza (7 July 2020). "Entregadores antifascistas: "A uberização vem pra suprimir direitos"". CartaCapital (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 16 May 2021.
↑ "Líder dos Entregadores Antifascistas, Galo é detido e levado à delegacia neste domingo". TV Cultura (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 16 May 2021.
↑ Ramos, Giovanne. "Depois de desavença com policiais, Galo de Luta é perseguido, agredido e preso". Alma Preta Jornalismo (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 16 May 2021.
↑ "Entregadores de aplicativo fecham rua da Consolação (SP) em protesto". R7.com (in Brazilian Portuguese). 1 July 2020. Retrieved 16 May 2021.