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Sir Hans Adolf Krebs, FRS was a German-born British biologist, physician and biochemist. He was a pioneer scientist in the study of cellular respiration, a biochemical process in living cells that extracts energy from food and oxygen and makes it available to drive the processes of life. He is best known for his discoveries of two important sequences of chemical reactions that take place in the cells of humans and many other organisms, namely the citric acid cycle and the urea cycle. The former, often eponymously known as the "Krebs cycle", is the key sequence of metabolic reactions that provides energy in the cells of humans and other oxygen-respiring organisms; and its discovery earned Krebs a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1953. With Hans Kornberg, he also discovered the glyoxylate cycle, which is a slight variation of the citric acid cycle found in plants, bacteria, protists, and fungi.
Biochemists are scientists who are trained in biochemistry. They study chemical processes and chemical transformations in living organisms. Biochemists study DNA, proteins and cell parts. The word "biochemist" is a portmanteau of "biological chemist."
William Cumming Rose was an American biochemist and nutritionist. He discovered the amino acid threonine, and his research determined the necessity for essential amino acids in diet and the minimum daily requirements of all amino acids for optimal growth.
Arthur Kornberg was an American biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959 for his discovery of "the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)" together with Spanish biochemist and physician Severo Ochoa of New York University. He was also awarded the Paul-Lewis Award in Enzyme Chemistry from the American Chemical Society in 1951, L.H.D. degree from Yeshiva University in 1962, as well as National Medal of Science in 1979. In 1991, Kornberg received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement and the Gairdner Foundation Award in 1995.
Juda Hirsch Quastel, was a British-Canadian biochemist who pioneered diverse research in neurochemistry, soil metabolism, cellular metabolism, and cancer.
Hans Neurath was a biochemist, a leader in protein chemistry, and the founding chairman of the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Washington in Seattle. He was born in Vienna, Austria and received his doctorate in 1933 from the University of Vienna. He then studied in London and at the University of Minnesota. In 1938, he was appointed professor at Duke University, where he established a research program on the physical chemistry of proteins.
Sir Rudolph Albert Peters MC MID FRS HFRSE FRCP LLD was a British biochemist. He led the research team at Oxford who developed British Anti-Lewisite (BAL), an antidote for the chemical warfare agent lewisite. His efforts investigating the mechanism of arsenic war gases were deemed crucial in maintaining battlefield effectiveness.
Norman Lowther Edson, FRSNZ, FNZIC, was the first Professor of Biochemistry (1949–1967) in the University of New Zealand based at the University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand where he founded a department of biochemistry. Edson made contributions to the understanding of, ketone body metabolism in mammals and birds, metabolic pathways of Mycobacteria and specificity rules for polyol dehydrogenases.
Philip Handler was an American nutritionist, and biochemist. He was President of the United States National Academy of Sciences for two terms from 1969 to 1981. He was also a recipient of the National Medal of Science.
Ernest Hubert Francis Baldwin was an English biochemist, textbook author and pioneer in the field of comparative biochemistry.
Richard Tecwyn Williams FRS was a Welsh biochemist who founded the systematic study of xenobiotic metabolism with the publication of his book Detoxication mechanisms in 1947. This seminal book built on his earlier work on the role of glucuronic acid in the metabolism of borneol.
Sir Philip John Randle was a British medical researcher after whom the Randle cycle is named.
Aaron Bodansky was a Russian-born American biochemist remembered for describing the Bodansky unit in the measurement of alkaline phosphatase in blood.
Richard Michael Denton FRS is a British biochemist, and Emeritus Professor at University of Bristol.
Earl Reece Stadtman was an American biochemist, notable for his research of enzymes and anaerobic bacteria. Stadtman received the National Medal of Science from President Jimmy Carter in 1979 "for seminal contributions to understanding of the energy metabolism of anaerobic bacteria and for elucidation of major mechanisms whereby the rates of metabolic processes are finely matched to the requirements of the living cell." Stadtman was chief of the Laboratory of Biochemistry at the National Heart Institute. Stadtman was also a member of the National Academy of Sciences. The Washington Post called Stadtman a "revered biochemist." He was the husband of Thressa Stadtman, who discovered selenocysteine.
Frank Dickens FRS was a biochemist, best known for his work at the Courtauld Institute of Biochemistry with Edward Charles Dodds on the pentose phosphate pathway which generates NADPH.
Merton Franklin Utter was an American microbiologist and biochemist.
Barry Halliwell is an English biochemist, chemist and university administrator, specialising in free radical metabolism in both animals and plants. His name is included in the "Foyer–Halliwell–Asada" pathway, a cellular process of hydrogen peroxide metabolism in plants and animals, named for the three principal discoverers, with Christine Foyer and Kozi Asada. He moved to Singapore in 2000, and served as Deputy President of the National University of Singapore (2006–15), where he continues to hold a Tan Chin Tuan Centennial professorship.
David A. Fell is a British biochemist and professor of systems biology at Oxford Brookes University. He has published over 200 publications, including a textbook on "Understanding the control of metabolism" in 1996.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Eric Arthur Newsholme (1935–2011)" (PDF). The Biochemist: 57. June 2011. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Castell, Lindy. "Obituary for Professor Eric Arthur Newsholme, MA, DSc, (PhD, ScD Camb)". BMJ Blogs. BMJ Publishing Group Limited. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
- 1 2 3 Michael Gleeson; Nicolette Bishop; Neil Walsh (2013). Exercise Immunology. Routledge. p. 202. ISBN 1136455868.
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