Albania is a unitary parliamentary constitutional republic,in which the president of Albania is the head of state and the prime minister of Albania is the head of government in a multi-party system. The executive power is exercised by the Government and the prime minister with its Cabinet. Legislative power is vested in the Parliament of Albania. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. The political system of Albania is laid out in the 1998 constitution. The Parliament adopted the current constitution on 28 November 1998. Historically Albania has had many constitutions. Initially constituted as a monarchy in 1913,Albania became briefly a republic in 1925,and then a authoritarian monarchy in 1928. In 1939 Albania was invaded by Fascist Italian forces,imposing a puppet state,and later occupied by Nazi German forces. Following the partisan liberation from the Nazis in 1944 a provisional government was formed,which by 1946 had transformed into a communist one-party state. In March 1991 democracy was restored with multi-party elections.
The prime minister of Albania,officially the prime minister of the Republic of Albania,is the head of government of Albania. The office of the prime minister is a core institution in the politics of Albania formed after the Albanian declaration of independence on 28 November 1912. Since that time,the nation has navigated a dynamic political evolution spanning distinct periods,encompassing a monarchy,a communist regime and the eventual democratic order. In 1912,Ismail Qemali was inaugurated as the first prime minister of Albania,guiding the nation toward sovereignty amidst the complex conditions in the Balkans. In 1944,Enver Hoxha implemented a radical change in government,transforming Albania into an authoritarian and isolationist communist regime. In 1991,the nation transitioned into a democracy that marked a notable shift,when Fatos Nano emerged as the first post-communist prime minister of Albania.
Fatos Thanas Nano is an Albanian socialist politician who served as Prime Minister of Albania in 1991,from 1997 to 1998 and from 2002 to 2005. He was the first leader and founder of the Socialist Party of Albania and a member of the Albanian Parliament from 1991 to 1993 and 1997 to 2009. He reformed the anti-revisionist Marxist-Leninist ideology of the Labor Party of Albania into social democracy for its successor,the Socialist Party. During his leadership,the Socialist Party,as a result of reforms,joined the Socialist International and Party of European Socialists. Nano was a candidate in the 2007 presidential election but did not win. He again tried in the 2012 presidential election,but he did not even qualify as a candidate,because the leaders of parties in Parliament obstructed their respective MPs to elect him as candidate in the elections.
Marek Marian Belka is a Polish professor of economics and politician who has served as Prime Minister of Poland and Finance Minister of Poland in two governments. He is a former Director of the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) European Department and former Head of Narodowy Bank Polski. He has served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) since July 2019.
Danuta Maria Hübner is a Polish politician and Diplomat and Economist and Member of the European Parliament. She has served as European Commissioner for Regional Policy from 22 November 2004 until 4 July 2009,when she resigned to become a Member of European Parliament for the Civic Platform. In 2012,Professor Hübner became a member of the International Honorary Council of the European Academy of Diplomacy.
Ilir Rexhep Meta is an Albanian politician. He served as the president of Albania from 24 July 2017 to 24 July 2022.
Aleksandër Gabriel Meksi is an Albanian archaeologist and politician who served as the 28th Prime Minister of Albania from April 13,1992,to March 11,1997. A former archaeologist,he was the first person to be prime minister of Albania after the end of communist rule. Meksi was a member of the Democratic Party of Albania and took office at the same time as President Sali Berisha,who also belonged to that party. Before entering politics,Meksi was a researcher and restorer of monuments of medieval architecture.
Parliamentary elections were held in Albania on 28 June 2009. No alliance achieved 71 deputies on its own needed to form a parliamentary majority. A coalition government was formed by the Democratic Party and Socialist Movement for Integration.
Vitalie Pîrlog is a Moldovan politician.
Fatmir Besimi is a Macedonian politician and economist of Albanian ethnicity. He currently served for Minister of Finance in North Macedonia,He also served twice as Minister of Economy then Minister of Defence and after that he was Deputy Prime Minister of the Government of the Republic of Macedonia in charge of European Affairs. In 2010 he was selected as one of the top European Ministers in the group of Young Global Leaders by World Economic Forum.
Neven Mimica is a Croatian politician and diplomat who has been serving as European Commissioner for International Cooperation and Development in the Juncker Commission since 1 November 2014. He was previously the European Commissioner for Consumer Protection in the Second Barroso Commission from July 2013 until November 2014 and was in that regard the first European Union Commissioner from Croatia following its accession to the European Union.
Natalia Gherman is a Moldovan politician who has been serving as executive director of the United Nations' Counter-Terrorism Executive Directorate since 2023.
Arben Malaj has been Minister of Finance and Economy in the Republic of Albania different times from 1997 until 2005. He is known for transforming the Albanian economy into a European profile,after the hard social-economic crisis that this country passed during the year 1997. He served as a Member of the Albanian Parliament from 1997 to 2013 chairing the Parliamentary Committee on Economy and Finance.
The Ministry of European Integration was a department of the Albanian Government,responsible for integration of Albania into the European Union. On 13 September 2017,the ministry was dissolved and merged with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Valentina Leskaj is an Albanian politician and political economist who was a member of the Assembly of the Republic of Albania for the Socialist Party from 2002 until 2017,when she decided to resign and leave politics.
The Political Academy of the Socialist Party of Albania or simply Political Academy is the first academy of modern left-wing leadership in Albania. It is an academy established by the Socialist Party of Albania and the contribution of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation. The academy holds its lectures in Golem,near Durrës.
Teuta Arifi is a Macedonian politician of Albanian origin.
Grida Duma is an Albanian former politician,lecturer,and journalist. A member of the Democratic Party of Albania,she served as the Deputy Minister of European integration in the Berisha cabinet in the years 2011–2013.
Marija PejčinovićBurić is a Croatian politician of the centre-right Croatian Democratic Union party who served as Minister of Foreign and European Affairs and First Deputy Prime Minister of Croatia from 2017 to 2019. She was the third woman to hold the post of foreign minister,following Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovićand Vesna Pusić. PejčinovićBurićpreviously served as a Member of Parliament during its Sixth Assembly (2008–2011),representing the 6th electoral district.
The first Government of Prime Minister Aleksandër Meksi also known as "The First Democratic Government",is the 54th Government of the Republic of Albania formed on 19 April 1992,following the early elections of the same year when the Democratic Party led by Sali Berisha managed to win a majority of 92 seats out of 140 in the Parliament. The new government led by Meksi was approved in parliament on 13 April 1992,and took oath on 19 of the same month in the presence of the newly appointed President Sali Berisha.
