An escape ladder is a ladder intended as an emergency exit. A common example is a fire escape ladder for escaping from a building in the event of a fire. Fire escape ladders can be difficult to use, and should therefore be tested regularly. [1] It is advantageous for the occupants to have practiced using the ladder in advance in the event of a fire. [2]
Wall-mounted ladders can be fixed or retractable.
There are also folding ladders, such as rope ladders, but they are often not considered a good alternative, especially if the ladder is to be used by children, elderly, or people with reduced mobility. [4] Folding ladders should preferably be stored near the window that is intended as an escape route.
Fire escape ladders should be burglar-proof, for example by only being able to be released from inside the house.
Fire escape ladders must comply with Norwegian standards (NS) and European Standard (EN). For example, there should be a maximum of 30 cm between the steps. [2]
According to the technical building regulations (TEK17), living spaces in new Norwegian homes must have at least two independent escape routes. [5] [4] It may often be necessary with fire escapes from multiple rooms. [2]
The requirements apply to buildings in risk classes 1, 2 and 4: [6]
Ladder placement is important. [2] It is advantageous for the ladder to be easily accessible to all users, and for the user to have something to hold onto and support themselves on the way onto the ladder. There should be no obstructions such as roof overhangs or awnings. [3]
The ladder should not be too short, [3] and extra length should be allowed for to ensure easy access. [4]
Ladders without a flame screen must not be installed closer than 2 meters from the window on the floor below, [7] because otherwise it may become impossible to use the ladder if there is a fire on the floor below. [1]
To prevent the ladder from loosening during use, it is important that it is attached to solid studding. [4] The manufacturer's assembly instructions should be followed. [4] For example, it may be appropriate to use lag screws and attach the ladder to a location in the wall with studs.
