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The judiciary of Germany is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in Germany.
Patricia Ann McGowan Wald was an American lawyer and jurist who served as the chief judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit from 1986 until 1991. She was the Court's first female chief judge and its first woman to be elevated,having been appointed by President Jimmy Carter in 1979. From 1999 to 2001,Wald was a Justice of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia.
The Federal Court of Justice is the highest court of civil and criminal jurisdiction in Germany. Its primary responsibility is the final appellate review of decisions by lower courts for errors of law. While,legally,a decision by the Federal Court of Justice is only binding with respect to the individual case in which it enters,de facto the court's interpretation of the law is followed by lower courts with almost no exception. Decisions handed down by the Federal Court of Justice can only be vacated by the Federal Constitutional Court for violating a provision of the German constitution,the Basic Law.
Elections in Germany include elections to the Bundestag,the Landtags of the various states,and local elections.
Brigitte Zypries is a German lawyer and politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). Between 2017 and 2018,she served as Minister for Economics and Energy in the government of Chancellor Angela Merkel;she was the first woman to hold that office in German history.
Jutta Limbach was a German jurist and politician. She was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and served as President of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany from 1994 to 2002,the first woman in this office.
Lawrence J. Block is a former judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims who was confirmed on October 2,2002. He retired on January 8,2016.
Michael Eichberger is a German law scientist who served as a justice of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany from 2006 until 2018.
Christine Hohmann-Dennhardt is a German politician and judge who served on the First Senate of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany from 1999 until 2011.
Gertrude Lübbe-Wolff is a German academic and senior judge. She served as a justice of the second senate of the Bundesverfassungsgericht from 2002 to 2014,having succeeded Jutta Limbach in this position.
Hans Hugo Klein is a German politician. He was a representative of the German Christian Democratic Union from 1983 to 1996 and he a justice of the Federal Constitutional Court.
Angelika Helene Anna Nußberger is a German professor of law and scholar of Slavic studies,and was the judge in respect of Germany at the European Court of Human Rights from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2019;from 2017 to 2019 she was the Court’s Vice-President. She had previously been Vice-Rector of the University of Cologne. Currently she is Director of the Institute of Eastern European Law and Comparative Law of the University of Cologne.
Susanne Baer,FBA is a German legal scholar and one of the 16 judges of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany. Baer has been the William W. Cook Global Law Professor at the University of Michigan Law School since winter 2010 and is also a professor of public law and gender studies with the law faculty at Humboldt University of Berlin and its dean of academic affairs.
The Federal Constitutional Court is the supreme constitutional court for the Federal Republic of Germany,established by the constitution or Basic Law of Germany. Since its inception with the beginning of the post-World War II republic,the court has been located in the city of Karlsruhe,which is also the seat of the Federal Court of Justice.
Jasna Omejec is a Croatian jurist who served as the 4th President of the Constitutional Court of Croatia. She was the first woman to have held the position. Since 1990,Omejec is a professor at the Chair of Administrative Law of the Zagreb Faculty of Law.
Jane Hamilton Mathews was a judge of the Supreme Court of New South Wales,a judge of the Federal Court of Australia and President of the Administrative Appeals Tribunal.
The Minister-president is the head of state and government in thirteen of Germany's sixteen states.
Verena Madner is an Austrian legal scholar,university professor and constitutional judge. She has been Professor of Public Law at the Department of Socio-Economics at the Vienna University of Economics and Business since 2011. In 2020,she was appointed Vice President of the Austrian Constitutional Court.
Ilsemarie Meyer is a German lawyer,judge and the recently retired president of the Bremen State Court. She has also served,since 2004,as president of the Court of Justice of the Confederation of Protestant Churches in Lower Saxony.
Hans-Joachim Jentsch was a German lawyer and politician (CDU). He was a member of the German Bundestag from 1976 to 1982,mayor of Wiesbaden –the capital of Hesse –from 1982 to 1985,a member of the Landtag of Hesse from 1987 to 1990,minister of justice in Thuringia from 1990 to 1994,and a justice of the Federal Constitutional Court from 1996 to 2005.
