Related Research Articles
Stephen Henry was the Count of Blois and Count of Chartres. He led an army during the First Crusade, was at the surrender of the city of Nicaea, and directed the siege of Antioch. Returning home without fulfilling his crusader vows, Stephen joined the crusade of 1101. Making his way to Jerusalem, he fought in the Second Battle of Ramla, where he was captured and later executed.
Barisan of Ibelin was an important figure in the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, and was the founder of the Ibelin family. His name was later written as "Balian" and he is sometimes known as Balian the Elder, Barisan the Old or Balian I. Barisan was lord of Ramla from 1138 to 1150.
Guy I was the second lord of Bray and the second lord of Montlhéry. He was the son of Milo of Montlhéry.
Milo I the Great was lord of Montlhéry from 1095 until his death. He was the son of Guy I of Montlhéry and Hodierna of Gometz.
Hugh I, Count of Rethel was a son of Count Manasses III of Rethel and his wife Judith. He succeeded his father in 1065 as Count of Rethel.
Walo II (Galon II de Beaumont) (*1060; † 1098) was a viscount of Chaumont-en-Vexin and a constable of King Philip I of France. He was son of Odo (Eudes) de Beaumont, viscount of Chaumont-en-Vexin. He took a part at the First Crusade as part of the army of Hugh the Great that attempted to capture the Holy Lands, called by Pope Urban II in 1095. Walo was killed by the Turks during the Siege of Antioch on 20 May 1098.
The role of women in the Crusades is frequently viewed as being limited to domestic or illicit activities during the Crusades. While to some extent this is true, they nevertheless played a significant role, taking part in such activities including armed combat in the battles of the Holy Land. This article focuses on the first Crusades and identifies known participants. It also highlights some of the more famous women of the later crusades. For a discussion of the sociological and religious aspects of the mixing of women with the predominantly male crusaders, the reader is referred to the referenced documents.
Guy I of Dampierre, son of Thibaut of Dampierre-sur-l’Aube and Elizabeth of Montlhéry, daughter of Milo I of Montlhéry, Viscount of Troyes. Seigneur of Dampierre, Saint-Dizier, and Moëlain.
Hugh I of Le Puiset, son of Everard I of Breteuil and his wife Humberge.
Éverard III, son of Hugh I of Le Puiset and Alice of Montlhéry. Seigneur of Puiset and Viscount of Chartres.
Hugh III, Seigneur of Le Puiset, son of Éverard III, Seigneur of Puiset and Viscount of Chartres, and Adelaide, Countess of Corbeil. Count of Corbel.
Waleran (Galéran) of Le Puiset, son of Hugh I of Le Puiset and Alice de Montlhéry. Seigneur of Birejik.
Hodierna (Hodierne) of Gometz, sister of William, Lord of Gometz, and wife of Guy I of Montlhéry. She made great donations to the new religious of the order of Saint-Benoît, installed in the Notre-Dame-de-Bonne-Garde Basilica of Longpont-sur-Orge, a monastery founded by her husband. Guy obtained the concession of the church of Long Pont in 1061 of Godfrey, Bishop of Paris. According to Gallia Christiana: "She herself went to Cluny to obtain from the abbot a certain number of monks; And she presented to the abbey a golden chalice of thirty ounces and a precious chasuble.”
The Houses of Montlhéry and Le Puiset is the name given by two powerful families, joined in marriage, that played a major role in the 11th and 12th centuries in both the Crusades as well as the administration of the Holy Land. The Montlhéry branch consists of the relatives of Guy I of Montlhéry and Hodierna of Gometz. The Le Puiset branch consists of the descendants of Everard I of Breteuil. Everard’s son Hugh I of Le Puiset married Guy’s daughter Alice, bringing the families together. Prominent members of the families are as follows.
Gilduin of Le Puiset was the son of Hugh I of Le Puiset and Alice of Montlhéry, daughter of Guy I of Montlhéry. Monk at St. Martin-des-Champs, prior at Cluny Abbey, prior at Lurey-le-Bourg, abbot of St. Mary of the Valley of Jehosaphat.
Cecilia of Le Bourcq was a Cilician fiefholder as Lady of Tarsus. She was the daughter of Hugh I, Count of Rethel, and Melisende of Crécy, the daughter of Guy I of Montlhéry. Cecilia's brother was Baldwin II of Jerusalem.
The army of Hugh the Great was formed after the Council of Clermont, led by Pope Urban II in November 1095. Hugh, son of Henry I of France, and his wife Anne of Kiev, was Count of Vermandois, de jure uxoris, due to his marriage to Adelaide of Vermandois. In August 1096, Hugh and his small army left France in prima profectione, the first army of the third wave to leave France, and travelled to Bari, Italy, and then crossed the Adriatic Sea to the Byzantine Empire, in an armada commanded by Arnout II, Count of Aarschot. When Hugh entered Constantinople, he carried a Vexillum sancti Petri, a banner given to him by the pope, Hugh being the last such noble to carry the banner.
The armies of Bohemond of Taranto, formed in 1097, include a major component of the First Crusade. He is regarded as the real leader of the First Crusade. He formed a second army in 1107 to defend Antioch but instead used it to attack the Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos, resulting in the Treaty of Devol, codifying Bohemond’s defeat. Runciman estimates that the first army included 500 cavalry and 3500 infantrymen and other estimates that the second army was at 34,000 personnel strength are likely greatly exaggerated.
The army of Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy, left for the Holy Land on the First Crusade. Robert was the eldest son of William the Conqueror and brother to William Rufus, king of England. He was reportedly so poor that he often had to stay in bed for lack of clothes. In order to raise money for the crusade he mortgaged his duchy to his brother William II of England. His army joined the contingent of Robert II, Count of Flanders, and Stephen, Count of Blois.
The armies of Count Stephen of Blois participated in both the First Crusade of 1096 and the Crusade of 1101. Stephen apparently fled the battlefield at the Siege of Antioch and returned home. He was coerced by his wife, Adela of Normandy, to form another army to return to the Holy Land in 1101, accompanied by Count Stephen I of Burgundy.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 La Monte 1942, p. 100-101.
- ↑ Stark 2003, p. 5.
- ↑ Riley-Smith 1997, p. 47.
- ↑ Riley-Smith 1997, p. 42.
