 |
| Expedition of Abi Hadrad al-Aslami | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Abi Hadrad al-Aslami | Rifa'a ibn Qays X | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 2 | Unknown | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 0 | 1 beheaded, [4] four women captured by Muslims [5] | ||||||
Expedition of Abi Hadrad al-Aslami, [6] took place in January 629 AD, 7AH, Shawwal (tenth month) of the Islamic Calendar. [3] [7] In this expedition, the chief of the Banu Jusham tribe Rifa'a ibn Qays was successfully assassinated. [1] [2]
Rifa'ah bin Qays and some men from the Banu Jusham bin Mo'awiya camped in al-Ghābah. According to Ibn Hisham he reportedly wanted to gather the people of Qais and entice them into fighting the Muslims. Muhammad, on hearing these reports, despatched Abu Hadrad with two men.
They set out until they were near the camp of Rifa'ah and his men and gathered intelligence. [8] In the night, Abu Hadrad killed Rifa'ah, and then he with his two companions went back to Muhammad. [1] The Muslim scholar Saifur Rahman al Mubarakpuri also mentions that, Abu Hadrad, through a clever strategy, managed to rout the enemy and capture many of their cattle as booty. [3]
According to Ibn Hisham. Abu Hardad shot Qais with an arrow in the heart, and then cut off his head and quickly escaped, Ibn Hisham writes:
"As he went he passed by me, and when he came in range I shot him in the heart with an arrow, and he died without uttering a word. I leapt upon him and cut off his head and ran in the direction of the camp shouting "Allah hu akbar"."
[Ibn Hisham, Pg 671] [2]
In total 1 person was beheaded [4] and 4 women were captured by Muslims. [5]
The Expedition is referenced by the Muslim scholar Ibn Sa'd in his book, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2 [8] and by Ibn Hisham, in his biography of Muhammad. Ibn Hisham mentions the event as follows:
The Raid of Ibn Abu Hadrad al-Aslami on al-Ghaba to Kill Rifa'a b. Qays al-Jushami
(pg 671)A man of B. Jusham b. Mu'awiya called Rifa'a b. Qays or Qays b. Rifa'a came with a numerous clan of B. Jusham and encamped with them in al-Ghaba intending to gather Qays to fight the apostle, he being a man of high reputation among Jusham. The apostle summoned me and two other Muslims and told us to go to this man (T. and bring him to him or) bring news of him, and sent us an old thin she- camel. One of us mounted her, but she was so weak that she could not get up until...
Now they [B. Jusham] had a shepherd who had gone out with the animals and was so late in returning that they became alarmed on his behalf. Their chief this Rifa'a b. Qays got up and took his sword and hung it round his neck, saying that he would go on the track of the shepherd, for some harm must have befallen him; whereupon some of his company begged him not to go alone for they would protect him, but he insisted on going alone. As he went he passed by me, and when he came in range I shot him in the heart with an arrow, and he died without uttering a word. I leapt upon him and cut off his head and ran in the direction of the camp shouting "Allah hu akbar" and my two companions did likewise, and by God, shouting
(pg 672) out to one another they all fled at once with their wives and children and such of their property as they could lay hands on easily. We drove off a large number of camels and sheep and brought them to the apostle and I took Rifa'a's head to the apostle, who gave me thirteen of the camels to help me with the woman's dowry, and I consummated my marriage.
[Ibn Hisham, Sirat Rasul Allah, Pg 671-672] [2]
Ḥakīm ibn Ḥizām was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a nephew of Khadija. Born 13 years before the event of elephants (Aam-ul-Feel) in Mecca, Arabia, he was the son of Khadija's brother, Hizam ibn Khuwaylid, and Fakhita bint Zuhayr. Known for his acumen in commerce and his charitable acts, Hakim ibn Hizam was a respected merchant and a key figure in the Quraysh tribe. He embraced Islam during the conquest of Mecca and was known for his generosity, having manumitted a hundred slaves and distributed alms extensively. His close familial ties with Khadija and his contributions to the early Muslim community in Islamic history.
The Mushrikun were the Arab polytheists who opposed the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his Muslims in the early 7th century. Their leaders were mostly from the Quraysh, but others also belonged to the Qays.
Uqba ibn Abi Mu'ayt was one of the principal adversaries of Islam. He was a Quraysh leader and a member of the Banu 'Abdu Shams clan of Quraish tribe.
Amr ibn Hisham (Arabic: عَمْرو بن هِشَام, romanized: ʿAmr ibn Hishām; also known as Abū Jahl or Abu al-Hakamc. was the Meccan Qurayshi polytheist leader of the Mushrikites known for his opposition to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He was the most prominent flag-bearer of opposition towards Islam.
Khunays ibn Ḥudhāfa was a companion of Muhammad. He died at the beginning of twenty-five months after Muhammad went to Medina.
The Battle of Hunayn was a conflict between the Muslims of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the tribe of Qays in the aftermath of the conquest of Mecca. The battle took place in 8 AH in the Hunayn valley on the route from Mecca to Taif. The battle ultimately ended in a decisive victory for the Muslims, and it is one of the few battles mentioned by name in the Qur'an, where it appears in Surat at-Tawbah.
Saʽd ibn ʽUbadah ibn Dulaym Al Ansari was the chief of the Sa'ida clan of the Khazraj tribe in Medina in the early seventh century. He was later recognised as the chief of the whole Khazraj tribe, and then of all the Ansar. He was a prominent companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and he made an abortive attempt to nominate himself as caliph of Islam after Muhammad's death.
The early Muslim–Meccan conflict refer to a series of raids in which the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his companions participated. The raids were generally offensive and carried out to gather intelligence or seize the trade goods of caravans financed by the Mushrik of the Quraysh. His followers were also impoverished. The raids were intended to harm the economy and in turn the offensive capabilities of Mecca by Muhammad. The Muslims felt that the raids were justified in that the items being sold in the caravans were their own items, stolen by the Meccans when they had fled to Medina.
The raid on Amarr, also known as the Raid on Ghatafan, occurred directly after the Invasion of Sawiq in the year A.H. 3 of the Islamic calendar, March 625. The expedition was ordered by Muhammad after he received intelligence that the Banu Muharib and Banu Thalabah tribes were planning to raid the outskirts of Madinah. Therefore, Muhammad launched a pre-emptive strike with 450 men.
Ḥamza ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib was a foster brother, paternal uncle, maternal second-cousin, and companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
Saʿd ibn Muʿādh al-Ansari was the chief of the Aws tribe in Medina and one of the prominent companions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He died shortly after the Battle of the Trench.
ʿUbayda ibn al-Ḥārith was a relative and companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He is known for commanding the expedition in which Islam’s first arrow was shot and for being the first Muslim to be martyred in battle and third ever in Islam.
The Massacre of Bi'r Ma'una was the killing of Muslim missionaries by the Mushrikites four months after the Battle of Uhud in 625. It is believed the Islamic prophet Muhammad sent missionaries to preach Islam, at the request of Abu Bara. Forty or seventy of the Muslim missionaries were killed.
The Expedition of Muhammad ibn Maslamah took place in July, 627 AD in Muharram, 6AH.
The Expedition of al-Muraysiʿ was an early Muslim campaign against the tribe of Banu Mustaliq which took place in December 627 CE.
Expedition of Abdullah ibn Rawaha to Khyber, took place in February 628 AD. Ibn Hisham also refers to this as Abdullah b. Rawaha's raid to kill al-Yusayr b. Rizam.
The expedition of Abu Amir Al-Ashari, took place in January 630 AD or 8AH, 10th month, of the Islamic Calendar, in Autas.
The Expedition of Qutbah ibn Amir, against the Khath'am tribe, took place in August 630 AD, 9AH, 2nd month, of the Islamic Calendar.
The Demolition of Dhul-Khalasa occurred in April and May 632 CE, in 10 AH of the Islamic calendar. Sources refer to Dhul-Khalasa,, as both a cult image and as a temple, venerated by some Arabian tribes. Muhammad sent his companion Jarir ibn ʿAbdullah al-Bajali, to destroy the image, leaving the shrine surrounding it in ruins.
This is a timeline of the early history of Islam during the lifetime of Muhammad. The information provided in this article is based on Islamic oral tradition, not on historical or archaeological evidence. A separate list of military expeditions and battles is at List of expeditions of Muhammad.