List of expeditions of Muhammad

Last updated

The list of expeditions of Muhammad includes the expeditions undertaken by the Muslim community during the lifetime of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

Some sources use the word ghazwa and a related plural maghazi in a narrow technical sense to refer to the expeditions in which Muhammad took part, while using the word sariyya (pl. saraya) for those early Muslim expeditions where he was not personally present. [1] Other sources use the terms ghazwa and maghazi generically to refer to both types of expeditions. [2]

Early Islamic sources contain significant divergences in the chronology of expeditions. [2] Unless noted otherwise, the dates given in this list are based on Muhammad at Medina by Montgomery Watt, who in turn follows the chronology proposed by Leone Caetani. [3]

List of expeditions

Type legend

  expeditions in which Muhammad took
part (28)

  expeditions in which Muhammad did
not take part (73)

TypeNameC.E. date [3] A.H. year [3]
1 Expedition of Hamza ibn 'Abdul-Muttalib [2] March 6231
2 Expedition of Ubaydah ibn al-Harith April 6231
3Expedition of al-Kharrar [3] May 6231
4(1) Patrol of Waddan (al-Abwa' [3] )August 6231
5(2) Patrol of Buwat September 6232
6(3)


First Expedition to Badr (Safwan [3] )September 6232
7(4) Patrol of Zul Al-Ushairah December 6232
8 Nakhla Raid January 6242
9(5) Battle of Badr 13 March 6242
12(6) Invasion of Banu Qaynuqa April 6242
13(7) Invasion of Sawiq May/June 6242
14(8) Al Kudr Invasion May 6243
15 Killing of Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf August/September 6243
16(9) Dhu Amarr raid September 6243
17(10) Invasion of Buhran October/November 6243
18 Al-Qarada raid November 6243
19(11) Battle of Uhud 23 March 6253
20(12) Battle of Hamra al-Asad March 6253
21 Expedition of Qatan June 6254
22 Expedition of Abdullah Ibn Unais June 6254
23 Expedition of Al Raji July 6254
24 Expedition of Bir Maona July 6254
25(13) Invasion of Banu Nadir August 6254
26(14) Expedition of Badr al-Maw'id April 6264
27(15) Expedition of Dhat al-Riqa June 6265
28(16) Expedition of Dumat al-Jandal August/September 6265
29 Expedition of al-Muraysi' January 6275
30(17) Battle of the Trench April 6275
31(18) Invasion of Banu Qurayza May 6275
32 Expedition of Muhammad ibn Maslamah June 6276
33(19) Invasion of Banu Lahyan July 6276
34 Expedition of Dhu Qarad August 6276
35 Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan August/September 6276
36 First Raid on Banu Thalabah August/September 6276
37 Second Raid on Banu Thalabah August/September 6276
38 Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Al-Jumum) September 6276
39 Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Al-Is) September/October 6276
40 Third Raid on Banu Thalabah October/November 6276
41 Expedition of Zayd ibn Harithah (Hisma) October/November 6276
42 Expedition of Zayd ibn Harithah (Wadi al-Qura) November/December 6276
43 Expedition of Abdur Rahman bin Auf December 627/January 6286
44 Expedition of Fidak December 627/January 6286
45 Second Expedition of Wadi al-Qura 6286
46 Expedition of Kurz bin Jabir Al-Fihri January/February 6286
47 Expedition of Abdullah ibn Rawaha February/March 6286
48(20) Treaty of Hudaybiyyah March 6286
49(21) Conquest of Fidak May 6287
50(22) Battle of Khaybar May/June 6287
51(23) Third Expedition of Wadi al Qura May 6287
52 Expedition of Umar ibn al-Khatab December 6287
53 Expedition of Abu Bakr As-Siddiq December 6287
54 Expedition of Bashir Ibn Sa’d al-Ansari (Fadak) December 6287
55 Expedition of Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laithi (Mayfah) January 6297
56 Expedition of Bashir Ibn Sa’d al-Ansari (Yemen) February 6287
57 Expedition of Ibn Abi Al-Awja Al-Sulami April 6297
58 Expedition of Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laithi (Fadak) May 6297
59 Expedition of Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laithi (Al-Kadid) June 6298
60 Expedition of Shuja ibn Wahb al-Asadi June 6298
61 Expedition of Ka’b ibn 'Umair al-Ghifari July 6298
62 Battle of Mu'tah September 6298
63 Expedition of Amr ibn al-As October 6298
64 Expedition of Abu Ubaidah ibn al Jarrah October 6298
65 Expedition of Abi Hadrad al-Aslami 6298
66 Expedition of Abu Qatadah ibn Rab'i al-Ansari (Khadirah) November 6298
67 Expedition of Abu Qatadah ibn Rab'i al-Ansari (Batn Edam) December 6298
68(24) Conquest of Mecca January 6308
69 Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Nakhla) January 6308
70 Raid of Amr ibn al-As January 6308
71 Raid of Sa'd ibn Zaid al-Ashhali January 6308
72 Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Banu Jadhimah) January 6308
73(25) Battle of Hunayn January 6308
74 Expedition of At-Tufail ibn 'Amr Ad-Dausi January 6308
75(26) Battle of Autas 6308
76 Expedition of Abu Amir Al-Ashari January 6308
77 Expedition of Abu Musa Al-Ashari January 6308
78(27) Siege of Ta'if February 6308
79 Expedition of Uyainah bin Hisn April/May 6309
80 Expedition of Qutbah ibn Amir May/June 6309
81 Expedition of Dahhak al-Kilabi June/July 6309
82 Expedition of Alqammah bin Mujazziz July/August 6309
83 Expedition of Ali ibn Abi Talib (Al-Fuls) July/August 6309
84 Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan (Udhrah and Baliy) 6309
85(28) Battle of Tabuk October/December 6309
86 Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Dumatul Jandal) October 6309
87 Expedition of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb 6309
88 Demolition of Masjid al-Dirar 6309
89 Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (2nd Dumatul Jandal) April 6319
90 Expedition of Surad ibn Abdullah April 6319
91 Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Najran) June/July 63110
92 Expedition of Ali ibn Abi Talib (Mudhij) December 63110
93 Expedition of Ali ibn Abi Talib (Hamdan) 63210
94 Demolition of Dhul Khalasa April 63210
95 Expedition of Usama bin Zayd (Mu'tah)May 63210

Related Research Articles

Al-Sīra al-Nabawiyya, commonly shortened to Sīrah and translated as prophetic biography, are the traditional Muslim biographies of the Islamic prophet Muhammad from which, in addition to the Quran and Hadiths, most historical information about his life and the early period of Islam is derived.

<i>Ummah</i> Arabic term used to refer to the collective nation of Muslim people

Ummah is an Arabic word meaning "nation". It is distinguished from shaʻb, which means a nation with common ancestry or geography. Thus, it can be said to be a supra-national nation with a common history.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ibn Ishaq</span> Muslim hagiographer and historian (704–767)

Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Yasar al-Muttalibi, known simply as Ibn Ishaq, was an 8th-century Muslim historian and hagiographer. Ibn Ishaq, also known by the title ṣāḥib al-sīra, collected oral traditions that formed the basis of an important biography of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of the Trench</span> Failed besieging of early Muslims by Arab and Jewish forces in 627 CE

The Battle of the Trench, also known as the Battle of Khandaq and the Battle of the Confederates, was part of the conflict between the Muslims and the Quraysh, where this time the Quraysh took the offensive and advanced on the Muslims, who defended themselves in Medina by digging a trench around their settlement at the suggestion of Salman the Persian. The battle, which took place in 627 and lasted around two weeks, was lightly fought, with the Muslims reported to have suffered five to six casualties and the Quraysh three.

Ghazi, is an individual military unit, a warrior or champion strategically originating from the Islamic realms, the word Ghazi can also be an umbrella term for warriors that defend the cause of Islam, to protect its territories and its inhabitants and their assets.

Urwa ibn al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam al-Asadi was an early Muslim traditionist, widely regarded as a founding figure in the field of historical study among the Muslims. He was a son of Muhammad's close aide al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, and a nephew of his wife A'isha. He spent much of his life in Medina, witnessed the First Fitna (656–661) as a youth, and supported his elder brother Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr in his failed attempt to establish his caliphate in the Second Fitna (680–692). After Abd Allah's elimination by his Syria-based Umayyad rivals, Urwa reconciled with the Umayyads, whom he paid occasional visits and maintained a literary correspondence with.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Mu'tah</span> 629 AD battle in the Arab–Byzantine Wars

The Battle of Mu'tah took place in September 629, between the forces of Muhammad and the army of the Byzantine Empire and their Ghassanid vassals. It took place in the village of Mu'tah in Palaestina Salutaris at the east of the Jordan River and modern-day Karak.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Uhud</span> 625 battle of the Muslim–Mushrikite war

The Battle of Uhud was fought between the early Muslims and the Mushrikites during the Muslim–Mushrikite wars in a valley north of Mount Uhud near Medina on Saturday, 23 March 625 AD.

Muhammad at Medina is a book about early Islam written by the non-Muslim Islamic scholar W. Montgomery Watt. Published at 418 pages by Oxford University Press in 1956, it is the sequel to Watt's 1953 volume, Muhammad at Mecca.

The Banu Qaynuqa was one of the three main Jewish tribes that originally lived in Medina before being expelled by the Islamic Prophet Muhammad. They were merchants and were known to be wealthy. They resided in the south-west part of the city and were previously allied with the Banu Khazraj.

Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf was, according to Islamic texts, a 7th century poet in Medina.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Muhammad in Medina</span> Overview of Muhammads stay in Medina

The Islamic prophet Muhammad came to the city of Medina following the migration of his followers in what is known as the Hijrah in 622. He had been invited to Medina by city leaders to adjudicate disputes between clans from which the city suffered. He left Medina to return to and conquer Mecca in December 629.

The raid on Amarr, also known as the Raid on Ghatafan, occurred directly after the Invasion of Sawiq in the year A.H. 3 of the Islamic calendar, March 624. The expedition was ordered by Muhammad after he received intelligence that the Banu Muharib and Banu Thalabah tribes were planning to raid the outskirts of Madinah. Therefore, Muhammad launched a pre-emptive strike with 450 men.

The Al-Qarada raid was an event in early Islamic history which took place in Jumad at Thaniya, in the year 3 A.H of the Islamic calendar, i.e. November 624.

The Expedition of Dumat al-Jandal is an early Muslim expedition which took place in August or September of 626 AD.

The Expedition of Dhu Qarad also known as the Expedition of Ghaba took place in September, 627AD, 6AH of the Islamic calendar, some scholars say that it took place just before the Battle of Khaybar, in the 12th month of 6AH.

The Expedition of al-Muraysiʿ was an early Muslim campaign against the tribe of Banu Mustaliq which took place in December 627 CE.

This is a timeline of the early history of Islam during the lifetime of Muhammad. The information provided in this article is based on Islamic oral tradition, not on historical or archaeological evidence. A separate list of military expeditions and battles is at List of expeditions of Muhammad.

Al-Raji is a location in Saudi Arabia near al-Najdiyya. During the Islamic Prophet Muhammad's era the Expedition of Al Raji took place here. Some men requested that Muhammad send instructors to teach them Islam, but the men were bribed by the two tribes of Khuzaymah who wanted revenge for the assassination of Khalid bin Sufyan by Muhammad's followers. According to William Montgomery Watt, the seven men Muhammad sent may have been spies for Muhammad and instructors for Arab tribes. Watt's claim that they were spies and not missionaries is mentioned in the Sunni hadith collection Sahih al-Bukhari

The Muslim–Quraysh War was a six-year military and religious war in the Arabian Peninsula between the early Muslims led by Muhammad on one side and the Arab pagan Quraysh tribe on the other. The war started in March 624 with the Battle of Badr, and concluded with the Conquest of Mecca.

References

  1. J. M. B. Jones (1983). A. F. L. Beeston; et al. (eds.). The Mag̱ẖāzī Literature. Vol. Arabic Literature to the End of the Umayyad Period. Cambridge University Press. p. 344.
  2. 1 2 3 J. M. B. Jones (1957). "The Chronology of the "Mag̱ẖāzī"-- A Textual Survey". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 19 (2): 245–246. doi:10.1017/s0041977x0013304x. JSTOR   610242. S2CID   162989212.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Watt, W. Montgomery (1956). Muhammad at Medina. Oxford At The Clarendon Press. pp. 339–343.