Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan (Udhrah and Baliy)

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The Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan, [1] against the tribes of Udhrah and Baliy (also spelt Bali), took place in October 630 AD, 9AH of the Islamic Calendar. [1] [2]

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Banu Udhrah

The Banu Udhrah tribe were from present day Iraq, a nomadic Arabian tribe. In the eve of Islam (during the era when Islam began to rise in Arabia), the tribe is reported to have been practising Christianity but the Muslim historian Tarikh al-Yaqubi mentions that some members of the tribe also worshipped an Idol called al-Shams. The Muslim historian Hisham Ibn Al-Kalbi, wrote about the tribe in detail.

Iraq Republic in Western Asia

Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in Western Asia, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest and Syria to the west. The capital, and largest city, is Baghdad. Iraq is home to diverse ethnic groups including Arabs, Kurds, Assyrians, Turkmen, Shabakis, Yazidis, Armenians, Mandeans, Circassians and Kawliya. Around 95% of the country's 37 million citizens are Muslims, with Christianity, Yarsan, Yezidism and Mandeanism also present. The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish.

Taʾrikh ibn Wadih or popularly Tarikh Al-Yaqubi is a well-known classical Islamic history book, written by al-Ya'qubi.

The main tribes were the Banu Judham, Udha and Bahra', all of whom became Christians. Whereas the tribes of the Arabian peninsula (Hijaz), such as the Bali, converted to what B.R. Pridham of the University of Exeter describes as "an Arab Monotheistic movement emanating from Yathrib" i.e. Islam. [3]

The Judham was an Arab tribe that inhabited the southern Levant and northwestern Arabia during the Byzantine and early Islamic eras. Under the Byzantines, the tribe was nominally Christian and fought against the Muslim army between 629 and 636 when the Byzantines and their Arab allies were defeated at the Battle of Yarmouk. Afterward, the Judham converted to Islam and became the largest tribal faction of Jund Filastin.

University of Exeter public research university located in South West England, United Kingdom

The University of Exeter is a public research university in Exeter, Devon, South West England, United Kingdom. It was founded and received its Royal Charter in 1955, although its predecessor institutions, St Luke's College, Exeter School of Science, Exeter School of Art, and the Camborne School of Mines were established in 1838, 1855, 1863, and 1888 respectively. In post-nominals, the University of Exeter is abbreviated as Exon., and is the suffix given to honorary and academic degrees from the university.

Expedition

Since the Military campaign led by Khalid ibn Walid in the area, some of the Banu Udrah had converted to Islam, however some members of the tribe were disaffected. [4] Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan marched to area where the tribes of 'Udhrah and Baliy inhabited, and reached some land of theirs that was called Al-Jinab, [1] and led a raid against them. [5] No further details are known.

The event is also mentioned by the Muslim Scholar Ibn Sa'd in his book "Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir", as follows:

Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Sa‘d ibn Manī‘ al-Baṣrī al-Hāshimī kātib al-Wāqidī or simply Ibn Sa'd and nicknamed "Scribe of Waqidi", was a scholar and Arabian biographer. Ibn Sa'd was born in 784 CE and died in 845 CE. Ibn Sa'd was from Basra, but lived mostly in Baghdad, hence the nisba al-Basri and al-Baghdadi respectively. He is said to have died at the age of 62 in Baghdad and was buried in the cemetery of the Syrian gate. Ibn Sa'd was also a proponent of the Muʿtazila doctrine of the created Quran and supported the king Al-Ma'mun's stance on the matter.

It is mentioned by the Muslim historian Ahmad ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri, that the Banu Udhrah was one of the first tribes of the Hijaz to pay Muhammad Sadaqah, [6] having converted to Islam around the early periods of Muhammad, when Islam began to rise in Arabia. [3] It is not known whether they converted after of before this expedition.

See also

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Ukasha ibn al-Mihsan

Ukasha ibn Mihsan was one of the companions of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad, he participated in the Nakhla Raid during Muhammad's era. He also participated in the Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan, against the tribes of Udhrah and Baliy, which took place in October 630, 9AH of the Islamic Calendar.

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Ghwarath ibn al-Harith also known as Du'thar ibn al-Harith was a companion (Sahaba) of Muhammad. He was the first person to try and assassinate Muhammad during the Invasion of Dhi Amr.

Banu Muharib was an Arab tribe during the Islamic prophet Muhammad's era. During the Invasion of Thi Amr Muhammad ordered a military raid against them. He ordered his men to raid the Banu Muharib and Banu Talabah tribes after he received intelligence that they were allegedly going to raid the outskirts of Medina

The Banu Udhrah was a Himyari Jewish tribe during the era of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad which converted to Islam after the Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan in 627. During this expedition Muhammad ordered an attack on the Banu Assad bin Qhuzayma to capture spoils. The Battle of Tabouk took place in October 630 to attack the Byzantine empire. Mubarakpuri claims that the reason was revenge for the killing of one of Muhammad's ambassadors by a Christian chief of al-Balaqa, which led to the Battle of Mutah. Mubrakpuri claims this was also the reason for the Battle of Tabouk, and that there was a rumour that Heraclius was preparing an attack on the Muslims. William Muir claims Heraclius wanted to prevent the recurrence of Muslim attacks such as the Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan against the Banu Udrah tribe. A tribe that was aligned to the Byzantine Empire

References

  1. 1 2 3 Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 239. ISBN   978-9960-897-71-4.
  2. ↑ Abū Khalīl, Shawqī (2003). Atlas of the Quran. Dar-us-Salam. p. 244. ISBN   978-9960-897-54-7.
  3. 1 2 R.L. Bidwell (editor), R. (Feb 1996). New Arabian studies, Volume 3. University of Exeter Press. p. 95. ISBN   978-0-85989-479-1.CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
  4. ↑ Muir, William (August 1878), The Life of Mahomet, Kessinger Publishing Co (10 Aug 2003), p. 454, ISBN   978-0-7661-7741-3
  5. 1 2 Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 202. ASIN   B0007JAWMK.
  6. ↑ al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Yahya (30 March 2011). The Origins of the Islamic State. Cosimo Classics. p. 59. ISBN   978-1-61640-534-2.
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