Expedition of Uyainah bin Hisn

Last updated
Expedition of Uyainah bin Hisn
DateJuly 630, 9AH, 1st month, of the Islamic Calendar. [1] [2]
Location
Around Najd (Central Saudi Arabia)
Result
  • 63 men, women and children captured
Commanders and leaders
Uyainah bin Hisn Unknown
Strength
50 Unknown
Casualties and losses
Unknown

63 captured

(11 men, 22 women and 30 boys [3] [4] [5] [6] )

The Expedition of Uyainah bin Hisn, [7] against the Banu Tamim tribe took place in July 630, 9AH, 1st month, of the Islamic Calendar. [8]

Contents

Muhammad sent Uyainah bin Hisn to collect tax from the Banu Tamim, but one of the sub-tribes attacked Uyainah and forced him out of the territory even before he could ask for the tax. Muhammad then sent 50 fighters against them and captured their men, women and children. The prisoners were later released, after a delegation of the tribe came to Muhammad asking for forgiveness. [9] [10] [11]

Expedition

Muhammad's tax collectors forced out

The Banu Tamim were a tribe who fought alongside Muhammad and helped in the Battle of Hunayn and Conquest of Mecca. However, when Muhammad sent a delegation led by Uyainah bin Hisn to collect tax (or zakat, which he made obligatory), the Banu al-Anbar, a sub-tribe of the Banu Tamim, refused to pay it. Instead they attacked him and forced him out of the territory, even before he could ask for the tax. [12] [13] [14]

50 fighters capture men, women and children

Uyainah bin Hisn came back and told the news to Muhammad, who then sent 50 Muslim fighters to enforce his orders [15] and make an example of the offenders. Uyainah bin Hisn launched a surprise attack against them, captured more than 50 men, women and children and brought them back to Muhammad in Medina. Muhammad kept these men, women and children in confinement. [16] 11 men, 22 women and 30 boys were captured. [17] [18]

Poetry contest

Then a delegation of the Banu Tamim rushed to Medina to ask for his forgiveness. Muhammad refused to talk to them, as he felt they were disturbing him. [19] According to Tabari and Ibn Sa'd, when the delegation came, the women and children saw them and began to cry, which explained their urgency to reach Muhammad. [20]

When they had the chance to talk, they reminded him of their comradeship in arms (in the Battle of Hunayn) and offered to recite some poems to Muhammad and contest against Muhammad's own poets. [21]

The first person to stand up and contest in poetry (which was an Arab tradition at the time) was from the Banu Tamim. Then Muhammad ordered Thabit ibn Qays to reply with his poetry. Thabit recited that Muhammad was a messenger from heaven, devoted to the Muhajir (refugees) and the faithful. He finished the poem by threatening destruction against all those who should refuse Islam. [22]

New Quran verse

After reciting the poems, the Banu Tamim delegation admitted that Muhammad's poets exceeded them in eloquence. Muhammad released the prisoners thereafter but told them not to be so rude to him in the future. A new Quran verse was revealed:

O ye who believe! Raise not your voices above the voice of the Prophet, nor speak aloud to him in talk, as ye may speak aloud to one another, lest your deeds become vain and ye perceive not. [Quran   49:1]

[23]

The famous Muslim jurist, Ibn Kathir, mentions in his Tafsir that Thabit ibn Qays believed he was among the dwellers of fire because he raised his voice against Muhammad. Muhammad comforted him by claiming he was among the dwellers of paradise. Qays was later killed in the Battle of Yamama. [24]

According to the Muslim Scholar Hussain Haykal, all tribes that refused Muhammad's authority faced his overwhelming power. They were confronted with the choices of either (1) converting to Islam and paying the zakat, or if they refused to convert, (2) submitting to the Muslim political power and paying the kharaj. [25] Kharaj is usually synonymous with jizyah, a tax levied on non-Muslims for protection. [26]

See also

Related Research Articles

The Ghaṭafān were an Arab tribal confederation originally based northeast of Medina. The main branches of the Ghatafan were the tribes of Banu Abs, Banu Dhubyan and Ashja'. They were one of the Arab tribes that interacted with Muhammad. They are notable for allying themselves with the Quraysh in the Battle of the Trench.

The early Muslim–Meccan conflict refer to a series of raids in which the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his companions participated. The raids were generally offensive and carried out to gather intelligence or seize the trade goods of caravans financed by the Quraysh. His followers were also impoverished. The raids were intended to harm the economy and in turn the offensive capabilities of Mecca by Muhammad. He also broke an Arab tradition of not attacking one's own kinsmen by raiding caravans. The Muslims felt that the raids were justified and that Allah gave them permission to defend against the Meccans' persecution of Muslims.

The expedition against the Banu Saleem tribe, also known as the Al Kudr Invasion, occurred directly after the Battle of Badr in the year A.H. 2 of the Islamic calendar. The expedition was ordered by Muhammad after he received intelligence that the Banu Salim were planning to invade Madina.

The Invasion of Buhran occurred in 3 A.H of the Islamic calendar of the 4th or 5th month. A report had arrived to the Muslims that a formidable force of the Banu Sulaym from Buhran were advancing on Madinah. Muhammad, took 300 men, to Hijaz reaching to Buhran, where the Banu Sulaym fled in panic.

The Patrol of Buwat took place in October 623 or 2 A.H. of the Islamic calendar, in Rabi' al-Awwal. Muhammad went with a force of 200 men in order to raid parties of the Quraysh. Muhammad stayed at Buwat for some time and left without engaging in combat.

The Expedition of Abdullah ibn Unais, also known as the Assassination of Khaled bin Sufyan was the first attack against the Banu Lahyan, which took place in the month of Muharram in the year A.H. 3. It was reported that Khaled bin Sufyan Al-Hathali, considered an attack on Madinah and that he was inciting the people on Nakhla or Uranah to fight Muslims. So Muhammad sent Abdullah ibn Unais to assassinate him. After cutting off Khaled bin Sufyan's head at night, Unais brought it back to Muhammad.

The Invasion of Banu Qurayza took place in Dhul Qa‘dah during January of CE 627 and followed on from the Battle of the Trench.

The Expedition of 'Abdullah ibn 'Atik also known as the Assassination of Abu Rafi' ibn Abi Al-Huqaiq, took place in March, AD 627.

The Expedition of al-Muraysiʿ was an early Muslim campaign against the tribe of Banu Mustaliq which took place in December 627 CE.

The expedition of Dhat al-Riqa took place in July AD 625, or after the Battle of Khaybar in AD 628, i.e. AH 7 of the Islamic calendar. Two Quran verses, 5:11 and 4:101, are related to this event.

The expedition of At-Tufail ibn 'Amr Ad-Dausi, to Dhul-Kaffain to destroy the idol Yaguth took place in January 630 AD, 8AH, 9th month of the Islamic Calendar.

The Expedition of Alqammah bin Mujazziz, took place in September 630. This expedition was dispatched to fight against some men from the Kingdom of Aksum, who gathered near the shores of Jeddah. The Ethiopians approached Mecca using boats from the sea, leading some Muslims to flee the area, suspecting the Ethiopians of being pirates.

The Expedition of Ali ibn Abi Talib, against the Banu Tai tribe, took place in August 630 AD, 9AH, second month, of the Islamic Calendar. to destroy the statue (idol) of the pagan deity al-Fuls (al-Qullus).

Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid, to Dumat Al-Jandal, to attack the Christian Prince of Duma, took place in March 631 AD, 9AH, 11th month of the Islamic Calendar, or October 630 AD according to William Montgomery Watt.

Khalid ibn al-Walid invaded the city of Dumat Al-Jandal in April 631 AD, under the orders of Muhammad to retaliate for the killings of preachers that had previously been sent by him. He also ordered Khalid to destroy an idol that was worshipped by the Bani Kalb tribe.

Kurz ibn Jabir al-Fihri was a companion of Muhammad but used to be an enemy. During the Invasion of Safwan he rustled some grazing cattle belonging to the Muslim community. Muhammad sent seventy Muslims after him, who chased him to Safwan, at the outskirts of Badr. But Kurz ibn Jabir al-Fihri managed to escape.

Wādī Nakhlah is an area in the Hejazi region of Saudi Arabia between the cities of Mecca and Ta'if, which serves as a Miqat (Boundary) for the Islamic Ḥaram of Mecca.

Fir

Dhat al-Riqa is a location in Saudi Arabia. During the Islamic Prophet Muhammad's era the Expedition of Dhat al-Riqa took place here because Muhammed received the news that certain tribes of Banu Ghatafan were assembling at Dhat al-Riqa with suspicious purposes.

The Banu Udhrah was a Himyari Jewish tribe during the era of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad which converted to Islam after the Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan in 627. During this expedition Muhammad ordered an attack on the Banu Assad bin Qhuzayma to capture spoils. The Battle of Tabouk took place in October 630 to attack the Byzantine empire. Mubarakpuri claims that the reason was revenge for the killing of one of Muhammad's ambassadors by a Christian chief of al-Balaqa, which led to the Battle of Mutah. Mubrakpuri claims this was also the reason for the Battle of Tabouk, and that there was a rumour that Heraclius was preparing an attack on the Muslims. William Muir claims Heraclius wanted to prevent the recurrence of Muslim attacks such as the Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan against the Banu Udrah tribe. A tribe that was aligned to the Byzantine Empire

References

  1. ↑ Hawarey, Mosab (2010). The Journey of Prophecy; Days of Peace and War (Arabic). Islamic Book Trust.Note: Book contains a list of battles of Muhammad in Arabic, English translation available here
  2. ↑ Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 228. ISBN   978-9960-897-71-4.
  3. ↑ Rahman al-Mubarakpuri, Saifur (2005), The Sealed Nectar, Darussalam Publications, p. 269
  4. ↑ The Sealed Nectar, Text Version, Witness-Pioneer.com
  5. ↑ Haykal, Hussain (1 June 2010), The Life of Mohammed, Islamic Book Trust, p. 477, ISBN   978-81-87746-46-1
  6. ↑ Muir, William (August 1878), The Life of Mahomet, Kessinger Publishing Co (10 Aug 2003), p. 448, ISBN   978-0-7661-7741-3
  7. ↑ Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 228. ISBN   978-9960-897-71-4.
  8. ↑ Hawarey, Mosab (2010). The Journey of Prophecy; Days of Peace and War (Arabic). Islamic Book Trust.Note: Book contains a list of battles of Muhammad in Arabic, English translation available here
  9. ↑ Haykal, Hussain (1 June 2010), The Life of Mohammed, Islamic Book Trust, p. 477, ISBN   978-81-87746-46-1
  10. ↑ Muir, William (August 1878), The Life of Mahomet, Kessinger Publishing Co (10 Aug 2003), p. 448, ISBN   978-0-7661-7741-3
  11. ↑ Rahman al-Mubarakpuri, Saifur (2005), The Sealed Nectar, Darussalam Publications, p. 269
  12. ↑ Haykal, Hussain (1 June 2010), The Life of Mohammed, Islamic Book Trust, p. 477, ISBN   978-81-87746-46-1
  13. ↑ Rahman al-Mubarakpuri, Saifur (2005), The Sealed Nectar, Darussalam Publications, p. 269
  14. ↑ The Sealed Nectar, Text Version, Witness-Pioneer.com
  15. ↑ Haykal, Hussain (1 June 2010), The Life of Mohammed, Islamic Book Trust, p. 477, ISBN   978-81-87746-46-1
  16. ↑ Muir, William (August 1878), The Life of Mahomet, Kessinger Publishing Co (10 Aug 2003), p. 448, ISBN   978-0-7661-7741-3
  17. ↑ Rahman al-Mubarakpuri, Saifur (2005), The Sealed Nectar, Darussalam Publications, p. 269
  18. ↑ The Sealed Nectar, Text Version, Witness-Pioneer.com
  19. ↑ Haykal, Hussain (1 June 2010), The Life of Mohammed, Islamic Book Trust, p. 478, ISBN   978-81-87746-46-1
  20. ↑ The last years of the Prophet , by Tabari, Pg 68. See 4646, notes section
  21. ↑ Haykal, Hussain (1 June 2010), The Life of Mohammed, Islamic Book Trust, p. 478, ISBN   978-81-87746-46-1
  22. ↑ Muir, William (August 1878), The Life of Mahomet, Kessinger Publishing Co (10 Aug 2003), p. 449, ISBN   978-0-7661-7741-3
  23. ↑ Muir, William (August 1878), The Life of Mahomet, Kessinger Publishing Co (10 Aug 2003), p. 450, ISBN   978-0-7661-7741-3
  24. ↑ Saed Abdul-Rahman, Muhammad (11 November 2009), Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 26 (Part 26), MSA Publication Ltd, p. 110, ISBN   978-1-86179-746-9
  25. ↑ Haykal, Hussain (1 June 2010), The Life of Mohammed, Islamic Book Trust, p. 478, ISBN   978-81-87746-46-1
  26. ↑ Lewis, Bernard (2002). The Arabs in History . Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.  77. ISBN   0-19-280310-7.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.