Expedition of Ubaydah ibn al-Harith | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Part of the Muslim–Quraysh War | |||||||
| |||||||
Belligerents | |||||||
Muhajirun (Muslim migrants to Medina) | Quraish of Mecca | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Ubaydah ibn al-Harith | Abu Sufyan | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
60–80 | 200 | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
Unknown (Arrows fired) | Unknown (1 arrow fired) |
In April 623, the Islamic prophet Muhammad sent Ubaydah ibn al-Harith with a party of sixty armed Muhajirun (Muslim migrants to Medina) to the valley of Rabigh, in modern-day Saudi Arabia. They expected to intercept a Quraysh caravan that was returning from Syria under the protection of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and 200 armed riders. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] The Muslim party travelled as far as the wells at Thanyat al-Murra, [1] [4] where Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas shot an arrow at the Quraysh. This is known as the first arrow of Islam. [6] [7] Despite this surprise attack, "they did not unsheathe a sword or approach one another," and the Muslims returned empty-handed; [2] [3] [4] however, two Meccans traders left their caravan, became Muslim, and went with the expedition back to Medina. [8]
Some say that Ubaydah ibn al-Harith was the first to whom Muhammad gave a banner on a military expedition; others say Hamza was the first. [2]
Some scholars assert that Muhammad sent out the expedition while he was in Al-Abwa' or upon his return to the Medina from the raid of Al-Abwa'. [9]
Abd Allah ibn Abi Quhafa, commonly known by the kunyaAbu Bakr, was the first caliph, ruling from 632 until his death in 634. A close companion and father-in-law of Muhammad, Abu Bakr is referred to with the honorific title al-Ṣiddīq by Sunni Muslims.
The Battle of Badr (Arabic: غَزْوَةُ بَدْرٍ, also referred to as The Day of the Criterion in the Qur'an and by Muslims, was fought on 13 March 624 CE, near the present-day city of Badr, Al Madinah Province in Saudi Arabia. Muhammad, commanding an army of his Sahaba, defeated an army of the Quraysh led by Amr ibn Hishām, better known among Muslims as Abu Jahl. The battle marked the beginning of the six-year war between Muhammad and his tribe. Prior to the battle, the Muslims and the Meccans had fought several smaller skirmishes in late 623 and early 624.
The Companions of the Prophet were the Muslim disciples and followers of the Islamic prophet Muhammad who saw or met him during his lifetime. The companions played a major role in Muslim battles, society, hadith narration, and governance during and after the life of Muhammad. The era of the companions began following the death of Muhammad in 632 CE, and ended in 110 AH when the last companion Abu al-Tufayl died.
Usaamah ibn Zayd ibn Haritha al-Kalbi was an early Muslim and companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
Abu Dharr Al-Ghifari Al-Kinani, also spelled Abu Tharr or Abu Zar, born Jundab ibn Junādah, was the fourth or fifth person converting to Islam, and a member of the Muhajirun. He belonged to the Banu Ghifar, the Kinanah tribe. His date of birth is unknown. He died in 652 CE, at Al-Rabadha, in the desert east of Medina.
Ṭalḥa ibn ʿUbayd Allāh al-Taymī was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. In Sunni Islam, he is mostly known for being among al-ʿashara al-mubashshara. He played an important role in the Battle of Uhud and the Battle of the Camel, in which he died. According to Sunnis, he was given the title "the Generous" by Muhammad. However, Shia Muslims do not honour him.
Yasir ibn Amir ibn Malik al-Ansi was an early companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He is the second martyr in Islam, with the first being his wife, Sumayya.
Banu Zuhrah is a clan of the Quraysh tribe.
Al-Abwā' is a Hejazi village between Mecca and Medina belonging to the area of Rabigh, on the western coast of Saudi Arabia. The Islamic Prophet Muhammad entered it before the Battle of Badr, in 2 Safar A.H.
The Muhajirun were the converts to Islam and the Islamic prophet Muhammad's advisors and relatives, who emigrated from Mecca to Medina, the event is known in Islam as the Hijra. The early Muslims from Medina are called the Ansar ("helpers").
Suhayl ibn ʿAmr, also known as Abū Yazīd, was a contemporary of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and a prominent leader among the Quraysh tribe of Mecca. Clever and articulate, he was known as the Khatib (orator) of his tribe, and his opinion carried great weight among them. He brokered the famous Treaty of al-Hudaybiya with Prophet Muhammad on the side of Quraysh in 628 AD.
The Ansar or Ansari are the local inhabitants of Medina who took the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers into their homes when they fled from Mecca during the hijra. They belonged to the tribes of Banu Khazraj and Banu Aus.
Rabigh is a city and governorate in the Province of Makkah of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, situated on the coast of the Red Sea, around 208 km northwest of Mecca in the historic Hejazi region. The city had an estimated population of 180,352 in 2014 and is situated at an elevation of 13 m (43 ft) above sea level, close to the border with the Madinah Province. The city dates back to the era before the advent of Islam in the 7th century C.E., and up to the 17th century, was known as Al-Juhfah, or Al-Johfah.
Ali ibn Abi Talib took part in all the battles of the Islamic prophet Muhammad's time, except the Expedition of Tabuk, as standard bearer. His sword was named Zulfikar. He also led parties of warriors on raids into enemy lands, and was an ambassador. Ali's fame grew with every battle that he was in, due to his courage, valour, and chivalry, as well as the fact that he single-handedly, destroyed many of Arabia's most famous and feared warriors. Muhammad acknowledged him as the greatest warrior of all time.
Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib was the leader of Banu Hashim, a clan of the Qurayshi tribe of Mecca in the Hejazi region of the Arabian Peninsula. He being the brother of Abdullah, the father of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad, was his uncle and father of Ali. After the death of his father Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim ibn Abd Manaf, he inherited this position as tribal chieftain, and the offices of Siqaya and Rifada. He was well-respected in Mecca.
The early Muslim–Meccan conflict refer to a series of raids in which the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his companions participated. The raids were generally offensive and carried out to gather intelligence or seize back the confiscated Muslim trade goods of caravans financed by the Mushrik of the Quraysh. His followers were also impoverished. The raids were intended to harm the economy and in turn the offensive capabilities of Mecca by Muhammad. The Muslims felt that the raids were justified in that the items being sold in the caravans were their own items, stolen by the Meccans when they had migrated to Medina.
The Raid on Nakhla was a raid that was initially unplanned by the companions of Muhammad, but is considered to be the first successful raid against the Meccans, since it was carried out during an espionage event, this raid took place at Nakhla, in the Hejazi region of what is now Saudi Arabia. It took place in Rajab A.H. 2. The commander was 'Abdullah ibn Jahsh al-Asadi, whom Muhammad dispatched to Nakhla as the head of 12 Emigrants with six camels.The Muslims obtained rich plunder from the raid and brought it before Muhammad in Medina. However, this sparked controversy among the people since warfare was strictly forbidden during the holy month by Pagan convention and a raid was a transgression against the agreement.
Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas ibn Wuhayb al-Zuhri was an Arab Muslim commander. He was the founder of Kufa and served as its governor under Umar ibn al-Khattab. He played a leading role in the Muslim conquest of Persia and was a close companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
ʿUbayda ibn al-Ḥārith was a relative and companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He is known for commanding the expedition in which Islam’s first arrow was shot and for being the first Muslim to be martyred in battle and third ever in Islam.
The Expedition of Usama bin Zayd was a military expedition of the early Muslim Caliphate led by Usama ibn Zayd that took place in June 632, in which Muslim forces raided Byzantine Syria. The expedition came three years after the Battle of Mu'tah.
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