Expedition of Dahhak al-Kilabi

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The Expedition of Dahhak al-Kilabi, [1] against the Banu Kilab tribe, took place in August 630 AD, 9AH, 2nd month, of the Islamic Calendar. [2] [3] When the Muslims arrived, brief fighting took place, and the Banu Kilab fled. [4] Al-Asyad then captured his father, and held him until he could get support from another Muslim, who then killed his father. [5]

Contents

Expedition

Muhammad sent al-Dahak ibn Sufyan to al-Zuji to invite the people of Banu Kilab to call them to embrace Islam. They refused to embrace Islam and fighting took place, they started to fight against the Muslims, but were defeated. [4] [6]

Among the fighters on the Muslim side, was a man named al-Asyad. He met his father named Salamah and called him to embrace Islam. However his father verbally abused Islam. Then al-Asyad hamstrung his fathers horse. When he fell to the ground, he grabbed hold of him, until he could get support from another Muslim, who then killed his father. All the other tribesmen of the Banu Kilab fled the scene after brief fighting. [5]

Islamic primary sources

The event is also mentioned by the Muslim Scholar Ibn Sa'd in his book "Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir", as follows:

THE SARIYYAH OF AL-DAHHAK IBN SUFYAN AL- KILABI AGAINST BANU KILAB.

Then (occurred) the sariyyah of al-Dahhak Ibn Sufyan al-Kilabi...

They (the narrators) said: The Apostle of Allah sent a force under al-Dahhak Ibn Sufyan Ibn ‘Awf Ibn Abu Bakr al-Kilabi, against al-Qurara. Al-Asyad Ibn Salamah Ibn Qart was with him. They encountered them at al-Zujj, the Zujj of Lawah and invited them to embrace Islam. They refused, so they attacked them and forced them to flee. Then al-Asyad met his father Salamah who was on his own horse, in a pond of al-Zujj. He invited his father to embrace Islam promising him amnesty. He (father) abused him and his creed. Consequently al-Asyad hamstrung the horse of his father. When the horse fell on his hoofs Salamah reclined on his spear in water. He (al-Asyad) held him till one of them (Muslims) came there and killed him. His son did not kill him.

[Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2, Pg 201] [5]

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Fir

The Banu Kilab was a Arab tribe in the western Najd where they controlled the horse-breeding pastures of Dariyya from the mid-6th century until at least the mid-9th century. The tribe was divided into ten branches, the most prominent being the Ja'far, Abu Bakr, Amr, Dibab and Abd Allah. The Ja'far led the Kilab and its parent tribe of Banu Amir, and, at times, the larger Hawazin tribal confederation from the time of the Kilab's entry into the historical record, c. 550, until the advent of Islam, c. 630, except for two occasions when the larger Abu Bakr was at the helm. Under the Ja'far's leadership the Kilab defeated rival tribes and the Lakhmid kings and eventually became guards of the Lakhmid caravans to the annual fair in the Hejaz. The killing of a Ja'far chief as he escorted one such caravan led to the Fijar War between the Hawazin and the Quraysh of Mecca.

The Banu Udhrah was a Himyari Jewish tribe during the era of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad which converted to Islam after the Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan in 627. During this expedition Muhammad ordered an attack on the Banu Assad bin Qhuzayma to capture spoils. The Battle of Tabouk took place in October 630 to attack the Byzantine empire. Mubarakpuri claims that the reason was revenge for the killing of one of Muhammad's ambassadors by a Christian chief of al-Balaqa, which led to the Battle of Mutah. Mubrakpuri claims this was also the reason for the Battle of Tabouk, and that there was a rumour that Heraclius was preparing an attack on the Muslims. William Muir claims Heraclius wanted to prevent the recurrence of Muslim attacks such as the Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan against the Banu Udrah tribe. A tribe that was aligned to the Byzantine Empire

References

  1. ↑ Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 230. ISBN   978-9960-897-71-4.
  2. ↑ Abū Khalīl, Shawqī (2003). Atlas of the Quran. Dar-us-Salam. p. 244. ISBN   978-9960-897-54-7.
  3. ↑ Hawarey, Mosab (2010). The Journey of Prophecy; Days of Peace and War (Arabic). Islamic Book Trust. Archived from the original on 2012-03-22.Note: Book contains a list of battles of Muhammad in Arabic, English translation available here
  4. 1 2 Rahman al-Mubarakpuri, Saifur (2005), The Sealed Nectar, Darussalam Publications, p. 269
  5. 1 2 3 Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 201. ASIN   B0007JAWMK.
  6. ↑ The Sealed Nectar, Text Version, Witness-Pioneer.com
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