Eyza

Last updated
Eyza
Ispán of Baranya
Reign1301–1302
Predecessor John Csák
Successor Henry Kőszegi
Diedafter 1305
IssueJames

Eyza or Heyza (Hungarian : Ejza, Ajza, Ajsza or Ejze; died after 1305) was a noble at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries in the Kingdom of Hungary. He was born in a Muslim family, but he converted to Roman Catholicism. Based on the 15th-century Buda Chronicle, former historiographical works also referred incorrectly to him as Lizse.

Contents

Family

Eyza was born into a family of Muslim (Böszörmény or Saracen) origin, which possessed landholdings in Tolna County in Transdanubia. His elder brother was Mizse, who was made Palatine of Hungary for a brief time in 1290. [1] Eyza had a son James. [2]

Career

Mizse and Eyza, along with other lesser nobles, hoping the promotion of their social ascension, joined the entourage of Ladislaus IV of Hungary sometime around 1285, when Hungary's central government lost power because the prelates and the barons ruled the kingdom independently of the monarch, while Ladislaus spent the last years of his life wandering from place to place. The monarch confiscated the Pilis royal forest and the fort of Visegrád from his alienated wife Isabella of Sicily sometime in 1284 or 1285, and entrusted Eyza to administer the royal lands as ispán of Pilis and castellan of Visegrád. [3] It is plausible that Eyza also converted recently from Islam to Roman Catholicism before his appointment, similar to his brother. [4] When King Ladislaus IV was murdered by a group of Cumans in July 1290, Mizse and Eyza led the revenge attack against his murderers and had them executed. [4]

Following the coronation of King Ladislaus IV's successor, King Andrew III of Hungary, Mizse and Eyza swore loyalty to the new monarch. [4] However, when Andrew III appointed his mother Tomasina Morosini as Duchess of Slavonia in 1293 to administer the province, along with counties in Southern Transdanubia, Mizse and Eyza were among the local landowner nobles, who rebelled against Tomasina's rule. Eyza plundered the region of Baranya County, his men, John and Paul Véki, looted and destroyed Tomasina's estate Danóc too with its nearby monastery in Gecs, both defended by Provost Andronicus of Veszprém. Eyza and his men caused a damage of 1,000 marks to the provost, while his several servants were robbed or killed. [5] Around the same time, in 1294 or 1295, Mizse occupied by force the royal fortress at Dunaszekcső and he refused to return it to the monarch or his mother. Tomasina's army successfully besieged and took the fort from Mizse. This is the last piece of information on Mizse. [5] Since Paul Balog, Bishop of Pécs and his episcopal troops also participated in the siege, Eyza stormed, scorched and pillaged the episcopal see Pécs in revenge sometime before 1300. [6] He also took the authentic seal of the cathedral chapter, by which was prevented from judging and to perform the duties of a place of authentication. [5]

Since that time, Eyza was known for his violent actions and dominations in the region of Southern Transdanubia. For instance, he unlawfully seized the estates Tóti and Antali in Baranya County. [5] Following the death of Andrew III and the extinction of the Árpád dynasty in 1301, he was styled as ispán of Tolna, Baranya and Bodrog counties. A charter from July 1302 still refers to him as ispán of Baranya County. His curialis comes or vice-ispán was a certain Kuzu (Cuzu) in the latter position. [7] In 1301, he bought the remaining portions of Tóti from the threatened Nicholas Laki and his family at a price below. [8] Around that time, Eyza also persuaded a local lord James Győr to contribute the forced betrothal of his daughter Csala and Eyza's nephew James (son of the late Mizse). During that time Csala was less than 7 years old. When she reached adulthood in 1319, she broke off the engagement. [8] Taking advantage of the chaotic situation during the era of interregnum, the powerful Kőszegi family dominated entire Transdanubia and governed the counties de facto independent of the royal power. From the province of Slavonia, Henry Kőszegi gradually extended his influence over southeastern Transdanubia. He was already styled as ispán of Tolna County in October 1301, while also became head of Baranya and Bodrog counties by the year 1304. [7] It is possible that Eyza swore loyalty to Charles of Anjou, one of the pretenders to the Hungarian throne. In this capacity, he commanded his troops to plunder and devastate the regions around the castles of Međurača (Megyericse) and Rača (Racsa) in Križevci County in Slavonia, both were Kőszegi forts, in the winter of 1305. [9] The remaining fate of Eyza is unknown. [8]

Descendants

Mizse's son, James refused to break up the engagement and sued Csala in 1320. [8] He and his namesake cousin (Eyza's son) entered into an agreement with other owners of the settlement Tóti to use the nearby fishponds jointly in February 1326. [8] Eyzech, Mizse's other son sold his estates in Tóti (once owned by Eyza) to John Incsei in 1334. That is the last information about Mizse's family of Muslim descent. [2]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tomasina Morosini</span> Venetian noblewoman

Tomasina Morosini was a 13th-century Venetian noblewoman and member of the powerful Morosini family. She was the mother of Andrew III, the last king of Hungary from the Árpád dynasty. After his son's accession to the throne, she moved to Hungary in 1292, where she served as Duchess of Slavonia until her death.

Mizse was a noble in the 13th century in the Kingdom of Hungary, who served as the last Palatine of King Ladislaus IV of Hungary in 1290. He was born in a Muslim family, but he converted to Roman Catholicism.

Julius (I) from the kindred Kán was a powerful Hungarian baron and landowner, who held several secular positions during the reign of kings Emeric, Ladislaus III and Andrew II. He was the ancestor of the gens Kán which originated from Baranya County.

Apor from the kindred Péc was a Hungarian baron and landowner at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries, who held several secular positions during the reign of kings Ladislaus IV and Andrew III. He was one of the seven barons in the early 14th century, who were styled themselves Palatine of Hungary.

Nicholas was an influential Hungarian lord in the Kingdom of Hungary, who served as Palatine of Hungary twice during the reign of Andrew II of Hungary.

Geregye (II) from the kindred Geregye was a Hungarian noble, who served as ispán of Baranya County for a short time in 1275.

Margit (Erzsébet) Szilágyi was a Hungarian noblewoman from the House of Szilágyi, she was the wife of Máté (Mátyus) Maróti, Ban de Macsó, also Ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia, Tolna and Valkó Counties. Margit (Erzsébet) Szilágyi was the daughter-in-law of László Maróti, Ban de Macsó and Erzsébet Schaunberg

Stephen (I) from the kindred Hahót was a Hungarian noble, who served as ispán of Varaždin County in 1297.

James from the kindred Győr was a Hungarian nobleman at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries, who served as Master of the cupbearers in 1291. Also known as James of Óvár then James of Kéménd in contemporary documents, he was the progenitor of the Gyulai, Geszti and Kéméndi noble families.

John from the kindred Péc was a Hungarian lord at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries, who served as ispán of Veszprém County in 1295.

Gregory from the kindred Péc was a Hungarian baron and soldier in the 13th century, who served as Judge royal in 1288. He was a forefather of the late medieval powerful Marcali family.

Lucas (III) from the kindred Péc was a Hungarian noble, who served as ispán of Zala County from 1289 to 1291 and in 1298. He was also known as Lucas of Tátika.

Péc or Pécz was the name of a gens in the Kingdom of Hungary. The powerful and illustrious Marcali and Apponyi noble families descended from this kindred. The clan had large-scale possessions in several counties of Transdanubia, in addition to Slavonia and other parts of the Kingdom of Hungary.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Roland II Rátót</span> Hungarian baron (died 1307)

Roland (II) from the kindred Rátót was a Hungarian baron at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries. He was one of the seven barons in the early 14th century, who were styled themselves Palatine of Hungary. He was the ancestor of the Jolsvai family.

Henry (II) Kőszegi was a Hungarian influential lord at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries. He was a member of the powerful Kőszegi family. He extended his influence over Upper Slavonia since the 1280s, becoming one of the so-called "oligarchs", who ruled their dominion de facto independently of the monarch. After the extinction of the House of Árpád, he participated in the dynastic struggles. He drew Southern Transdanubia under his suzerainty by then.

Nicholas (I) Kőszegi was a Hungarian influential lord in the second half of the 13th century. He was a member of the powerful Kőszegi family. He served as Palatine of Hungary at various times between 1275 and 1298. He was also Ban of Slavonia twice. Albeit he participated in several rebellions against the royal power, he proved to be more moderate and conformist than his younger brothers. He swore loyalty to Andrew III of Hungary after their failed rebellion in 1292. In comparison to the other branches of the Kőszegi family, Nicholas' branch remained relatively insignificant, as he did not establish an oligarchic province independently of the king, unlike his brothers. Nicholas was ancestor of the Rohonci family, which flourished until the mid-15th century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nicholas Budmér</span> Hungarian noble

Nicholas (II) from the kindred Budmér, also known as Nicholas the Sinister was a Hungarian noble in the 13th century, who served as Master of the stewards from 1251 to 1256.

Dominic from the kindred Csák was a Hungarian lord in the 13th century. Initially, he was a confidant of rex iunior Stephen, but later joined the partisans of the elderly Béla IV of Hungary. During the era of feudal anarchy, he served as a courtier of Queen Dowager Elizabeth the Cuman.

Kemény, son of Lawrence was a Hungarian lord in the late 13th century, who served as Master of the cupbearers in 1289. During the era of feudal anarchy, he was one of the most powerful landowners in Southern Transdanubia, especially Baranya County. The Cseményi noble family descended from him.

Peter (II) from the kindred Tétény was a Hungarian baron in the second half of the 13th century, who served as Ban of Slavonia three times. He was a faithful confidant of King Ladislaus IV of Hungary in his fight against the oligarchic domains. Peter was forefather of the Pekri noble family.

References

  1. ↑ Zsoldos 2011, p. 23.
  2. 1 2 Wertner 1893, p. 587.
  3. ↑ Zsoldos 2011, pp. 181, 266.
  4. 1 2 3 Wertner 1893, p. 584.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Wertner 1893, p. 585.
  6. ↑ Fedeles 2017, p. 91.
  7. 1 2 Engel 1996, pp. 102, 114, 206.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 Wertner 1893, p. 586.
  9. ↑ Rudolf 2023, p. 565.

Sources

Political offices
Preceded byIspán of Pilis
1285		Succeeded by
Preceded by
John
 Castellan of Visegrád
1285
Preceded by Ispán of Tolna
1301		Succeeded by
Ispán of Bodrog
1301
Preceded by Ispán of Baranya
1301–1302
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.