Famous Thirteen

Last updated
Oil painting by Juan Lepiani; Francisco Pizarro on the Isle del Gallo, drawing a line in the sand for the Famous Thirteen Los 13 de la Isla del Gallo.jpg
Oil painting by Juan Lepiani; Francisco Pizarro on the Isle del Gallo, drawing a line in the sand for the Famous Thirteen

The Famous Thirteen (Spanish Los trece de la fama, "the thirteen of the fame", or Los trece de Gallo, "the thirteen of [Isla del] Gallo") were a group of 16th century Spanish conquistadors that participated in the Spanish conquest of Peru (second expedition) along with their leader, Francisco Pizarro. In 1527 Pizarro and his men were waiting on the Isla del Gallo, in bad conditions, when the supply ship returned from Panama, commanded by Juan Tafur with orders from the Spanish governor to abandon the expedition. According to the traditional version of the story, Pizarro drew a line in the sand with his sword and said, "those on that side of the line can go back to Panama and be poor; those on this side can come to Peru and be rich. Let the good Castillian choose his path." In the traditional telling of the story, only thirteen men chose to stay with Pizarro. [1] :26 [2]

Contents

Historians have noted inconsistencies in reports of the identity of the Famous Thirteen, and have identified as many as nineteen candidates for the thirteen spots. [3] [4]

One list of names is as follows:

Also, the "brave pilot" Bartolomé Ruiz. [5] :116

Aftermath

The Capitulacion of 1529, made Ruiz Grand Pilot of the Southern Ocean, while Candia was placed at the head of artillery, and the remaining eleven "were created hidalgos and cavalleros. [5] :134

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diego de Almagro</span> Spanish conquistador (1475–1538)

Diego de Almagro, also known as El Adelantado and El Viejo, was a Spanish conquistador known for his exploits in western South America. He participated with Francisco Pizarro in the Spanish conquest of Peru. While subduing the Inca Empire he laid the foundation for Quito and Trujillo as Spanish cities in present-day Ecuador and Peru respectively. From Peru, Almagro led the first Spanish military expedition to central Chile. Back in Peru, a longstanding conflict with Pizarro over the control of the former Inca capital of Cuzco erupted into a civil war between the two bands of conquistadores. In the battle of Las Salinas in 1538, Almagro was defeated by the Pizarro brothers and months later he was executed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Francisco Pizarro</span> 16th-century Spanish conquistador who conquered Peru

Francisco Pizarro, Marquess of the Atabillos was a Spanish conquistador, best known for his expeditions that led to the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gonzalo Pizarro</span> Spanish conquistador (1510–1548)

Gonzalo Pizarro y Alonso was a Spanish conquistador. He was the younger paternal half brother of Francisco Pizarro, who led the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire. Pizarro was the illegitimate son of Gonzalo Pizarro y Rodríguez de Aguilar (1446–1522), who, as an infantry colonel, served under Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba during the Italian Wars. He was also the younger paternal half brother of Hernándo Pizarro y de Vargas and the older paternal full brother of Juan Pizarro y Alonso.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2004 Copa América</span> Football tournament

The 2004 Copa América was the 41st edition of the Copa América, the South-American championship for international association football teams. The competition was organized by CONMEBOL, South America's football governing body, and was held in Peru, who hosted the tournament for the sixth time, from 6 to 25 July.

The Pizarro brothers were Spanish conquistadors who came to Peru in 1530. They all were born in Trujillo, Spain. They were four brothers:

Juan Pizarro y Alonso was a Spanish conquistador who accompanied his brothers Francisco, Gonzalo and Hernando Pizarro for the conquest of Peru in 1532.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hernando Pizarro</span> 16th-century Spanish conquistador

Hernando Pizarro y de Vargas was a Spanish conquistador and one of the Pizarro brothers who ruled over Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alonso de Alvarado</span> Spanish conquistador

Alonso de Alvarado Montaya González de Cevallos y Miranda (1500–1556) was a Spanish conquistador and knight of the Order of Santiago.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Francisco Xerez</span>

Francisco Xerez, Francisco de Jerez, or Francisco de Xerxes (1495–1565?) was a Spanish explorer-turned-historian, the personal secretary of conquistador Francisco Pizarro. He participated in the conquest of Peru during the first two unsuccessful expeditions led by Pizarro, Diego de Almagro and Hernando de Luque in 1524. Xerez did not stay and join The thirteen of the fame in the Isle of Gallo (1526).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Francisco Pizarro, Nariño</span> Municipality and town in Nariño Department, Colombia

Francisco Pizarro is a town and municipality in the Nariño Department, Colombia named after the Spanish explorer Francisco Pizarro.

Peruvians of European descent, also known as White Peruvians. Traditionally, this group had been more dominant in the political, commercial, and diplomatic sectors of Peruvian society. According to the most recent 2017 census where ethnic self-identification was used, it makes up about 5.9% of the total population aged 12 years and above of Peru.

Pedro Pizarro was a Spanish chronicler and conquistador. He took part in most events of the Spanish conquest of Peru and wrote an extensive chronicle of them under the title Relación del descubrimiento y conquista de los reinos del Perú, which he finished in 1571.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pedro de Candia</span> Greek-Spanish cartographer and conquistador (1485–1542)

Pedro de Candia was a Greek explorer and cartographer at the service of the Kingdom of Spain, an officer of the Royal Spanish Navy that under the Spanish Crown became a Conquistador, Grandee of Spain, Commander of the Royal Spanish Fleet of the Southern Sea, Colonial Ordinance of Cusco, and then Mayor of Lima between 1534 and 1535. Specialized in the use of firearms and artillery, he was one of the earliest explorers of Panama and the Pacific coastline of Colombia, and finally participated in the conquest of Peru. He was killed in the Battle of Chupas, (Peru), on 16 September 1542, by Diego de Almagro II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alonso de Mendoza</span>

Alonso de Mendoza was a Spanish captain, conquistador, and the founder of the city of Nuestra Señora de La Paz. He was appointed by Pedro de la Gasca, the "Peacemaker," to found the city to commemorate the peace in the Peruvian colonies after the defeat of the Pizarro brothers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bartolomé Ruiz</span> Spanish conquistador

Bartolomé Ruiz was a Spanish conquistador. He started his career as Christopher Columbus's pilot, before joining Francisco Pizarro and Diego de Almagro on their conquest of Peru. Ruiz was a member of the Famous Thirteen. He is also the first European to see Ecuador, and the first to land and begin European exploration there.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Juan Lepiani</span> Peruvian painter

José Juan de Dios Mateo Osbaldo Botaro Lepiani Toledo was a Peruvian painter. He is primarily known for historical and patriotic scenes; notably those related to the War of the Pacific.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pedro Ruíz Corredor</span> Spanish conquistador

Pedro Ruíz Corredor was a Spanish conquistador who participated in the Spanish conquest of the Muisca. He searched for El Dorado, returned to Spain, was sent back to the new world, helped consolidate newly conquered Peru for Spain, retired to his fiefdom to raise a family, and lived to a ripe old age.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Juan de Salinas y Loyola</span> Spanish conquistador

Juan de Salinas y Loyola was a Spanish discoverer, conqueror and hidalgo belonging to the Alava branch of the House Hoñaz y Loyola of Azpeitia. He was the governor of Yaguarzongo and Bracamoros and the adelantado of these provinces between 1571 and 1578.

Palacio de la Conquista Historic site in Spain

The Palacio de la Conquista, also known as the Palacio de los marqueses de la Conquista or as the Palacio del escudo, is a renaissance-style building located at the main square of the Spanish city of Trujillo, Cáceres, Extremadura.

References

  1. Hemming, J., 1970, The Conquest of the Incas, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., ISBN   0151225605
  2. Shannon Venable, Gold: A Cultural Encyclopedia: A Cultural Encyclopedia (ABC-CLIO, 2011), ISBN   978-0313384318, pp. 224-225. Excerpts available at Google Books.
  3. David P. Henige, Numbers from Nowhere: The American Indian Contact Population Debate (University of Oklahoma Press, 1998), ISBN   978-0806130446, p. 344 n.26. Excerpts available at Google Books.
  4. Clements Robert Markham, ed., Reports on the discovery of Peru (Hakluyt Society, 1872). Excerpts available at Google Books.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Prescott, W.H., 2011, The History of the Conquest of Peru, Digireads.com Publishing, ISBN   9781420941142
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Leon, P., 1998, The Discovery and Conquest of Peru, Chronicles of the New World Encounter, edited and translated by Cook and Cook, Durham: Duke University Press, ISBN   9780822321460

2°00′N78°39′W / 2.000°N 78.650°W / 2.000; -78.650