Fancy punishments

In 1919, during martial law in Punjab, some odd humiliating punishments were administered by British administrators, dubbed fancy punishments by the Hunter Inquiry into the Punjab disturbances. ^{[1] [2] [3]}

Background

Martial law was introduced in Punjab at midnight between 15 and 16 April 1919 and backdated to 30 March on 21 April by the Viceroy, at the request of Michael O'Dwyer. ^[4] Designed to humiliate, the fancy punishments were invented by A. C. Doveton. ^{[5] [6]} Others involved included Henry St. George Murray Mcrae. ^[1]

References

1. Naidis, Mark (1951). The Punjab Disturbances of 1919: A Study in Indian Nationalism. Stanford University. p. 101.
2. Report of the Committee Appointed in the Government of India to Investigate the Disturbances in the Punjab, Etc. H.M. Stationery Office. 1920. pp. 225–235.
3. Sayer, Derek (1991). "British Reaction to the Amritsar Massacre 1919–1920" . Past and Present. 131 (1): 130–164. doi:10.1093/past/131.1.130.
4. Collett, Nigel (2006). "17. The crawling order". The Butcher of Amritsar: General Reginald Dyer. A&C Black. p. 275. ISBN   978-1-85285-575-8.
5. Anand, Anita (2021). "10. I repent, I repent, I repent". The Patient Assassin: A True Tale of Massacre, Revenge, and India's Quest for Independence. New York: Simon and Schuster. pp. 115–126. ISBN   978-1-5011-9571-6.
6. Horniman, B. G. (1920). "15. O'Brien, Doveton, and Bosworth-Smith". Amritsar And Our Duty To India. London: T. Fisher Unwin. pp. 150–164.

Further reading

• Report of the Committee Appointed in the Government of India to Investigate the Disturbances in the Punjab, Etc. Vol. IV. Calcutta: H.M. Stationery Office. 1920.
• The Congress Inquiry Report. Bombay: K. Santanam. 1920.