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Politics of Bangladesh takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Bangladesh is the head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The Constitution of Bangladesh was written in 1972 and has undergone seventeen amendments.
The Bangladesh Awami League, often simply called the Awami League or AL, is one of the major political parties in Bangladesh. The oldest existing political party in the country, the party played a large role in achieving Bangladeshi independence both before and after the Bangladesh Liberation War. As one of the two most dominant parties in the country, along with its archrival Bangladesh Nationalist Party, it has been the ruling party since 2009, and has since been described as authoritarian.
Bangladesh elects on national level a legislature with one house or chamber. The unicameral Jatiyo Sangshad, meaning national parliament, has 350 members of which 300 members are directly elected through a national election for a five-year term in single-seat constituencies while 50 memberships are reserved for the women who are selected by the ruling party or coalition. The Prime Minister is the head of the government. The president who is the head of the state is elected by the National Parliament. The president of Bangladesh is a ceremonial post and does not exercise any control over the running of the state.
The Jatiya Party is a political party in Bangladesh. It is currently the main opposition in the Jatiya Sangsad, against the Awami League. The current chairman of the party is Ghulam Muhammed Quader. On 3 January 2019, the party announced its decision to join the Bangladesh Awami League-led Grand Alliance after having been in opposition for the previous parliamentary term. However, the party backtracked the next day and announced that it intended to remain part of the opposition. Currently, it holds Rangpur out of Bangladesh's 12 city corporations. The current chairperson of the party is Ghulam Muhammed Quader MP.
General elections were held in Bangladesh on 3 March 1988. They were boycotted by several major parties, including the Bangladesh Awami League, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party, the Communist Party of Bangladesh, Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh, the Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League, the National Awami Party (Muzaffar) and the Workers Party of Bangladesh. The result was a victory for the Jatiya Party, which won 251 of the 300 seats. Voter turnout was 52%.
General elections were held in Bangladesh on 30 December 2018 to elect 300 directly-elected members of the Jatiya Sangsad. The result was another landslide victory for the Awami League-led Grand Alliance led by Sheikh Hasina. The elections were marred by violence, and were widely considered by opposition politicians and the international community to be rigged.
Monnujan Sufian is a Bangladesh Awami League politician who is the current Jatiya Sangsad member from Women's Reserved Seat-11 and formerly from Khulna-3 constituency. She is the former State Minister of Labour and Employment.
Dhaka-20 is a constituency represented in the Jatiya Sangsad of Bangladesh since 2019 by Benzir Ahmed of the Awami League.
Salma Islam is a Bangladeshi lawyer, journalist, politician, and an incumbent MP from 12th parliament. She was an MP of Bangladesh Jatiya Sangsad representing the Dhaka-1 constituency. She served as state minister of the Bangladesh government for Ministry of Women and Children Affairs. She is the Member of Presidium as well as current chair of Dhaka of Jatiya Party (Ershad). She has been made the new chairman of Jamuna Group after the death of her husband and the conglomerate's founder chairman Nurul Islam Babul.
Pinu Khan was a Bangladesh Awami League politician and a former member of parliament from the Reserved women's seats.
Ashrafunnesa Mosharraf was a Bangladesh Awami League politician who served as a Jatiya Sangsad member from a seat reserved for women and was the president of the Bangladesh Mohila Awami League.
Selina Islam is a Bangladeshi controversial business person who later joins politics. She nominated as Jatiya Sangsad member from the reserved women's seat-49.
Basanti Chakma is a Bangladesh Awami League politician and a member of the Bangladesh Parliament from a reserved seat.
Shamima Akhter Khanam, also known as Shamima Shahriar, is a Bangladesh Awami League politician and a former member of the Bangladesh Parliament. She came from "reserved seat".
Mst. Tahmina Begum is a Bangladesh Awami League politician and the incumbent Member of Parliament from Madaripur-3. She currently serving as president of Kalkini Upazila Awami League. Previously she was a member of Bangladesh Parliament from a reserved seat.
Khodeza Nasreen Akhter Hossain is a Bangladesh Awami League politician and a member of the Bangladesh Parliament from a reserved seat.
Naheed Ezaher Khan is a Bangladesh Awami League politician and the incumbent state minister of cultural affairs since March 2024. She is a Jatiya Sangsad member on a women's reserved seat.
Runu Reza is a Bangladesh Awami League politician and a Jatiya Sangsad member from a women's reserved seat.
Nadia Binte Amin is a Awami League politician and businesswoman. She is incumbent 12th Jatiya Sangsad member from a women's reserved seat for Netrakona District.
Hasina Bari Chowdhury is a Awami League politician and a Jatiya Sangsad member from a women's reserved for Dhaka District. She was the reserved women ward councilor one of Dhaka North City Corporation. She was the general secretary of Dhaka Metropolitan North unit of the Bangladesh Mohila Awami League.
References
- 1 2 চাঁপাইনবাবগঞ্জে সংরক্ষিত আসনে এমপি হতে চান ১৪ নারী. The Dhaka Post (in Bengali). 12 February 2024.
- ↑ "Aroma, Suborna to become MP as Awami League names 41 for reserved seats". bdnews24.com. 8 February 2019. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
- ↑ "Those who got Awami League's ticket". Dhaka Tribune. 14 February 2024.