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Ferritin is a universal intracellular protein that stores iron and releases it in a controlled fashion. The protein is produced by almost all living organisms, including archaea, bacteria, algae, higher plants, and animals. It is the primary intracellular iron-storage protein in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, keeping iron in a soluble and non-toxic form. In humans, it acts as a buffer against iron deficiency and iron overload.
MHC class I molecules are one of two primary classes of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and are found on the cell surface of all nucleated cells in the bodies of vertebrates. They also occur on platelets, but not on red blood cells. Their function is to display peptide fragments of proteins from within the cell to cytotoxic T cells; this will trigger an immediate response from the immune system against a particular non-self antigen displayed with the help of an MHC class I protein. Because MHC class I molecules present peptides derived from cytosolic proteins, the pathway of MHC class I presentation is often called cytosolic or endogenous pathway.
Chromosome 6 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 6 spans more than 172 million base pairs and represents between 5.5 and 6% of the total DNA in cells. It contains the major histocompatibility complex, which contains over 100 genes related to the immune response, and plays a vital role in organ transplantation.
Chromosome 2 is one of the twenty-three pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 2 is the second-largest human chromosome, spanning more than 242 million base pairs and representing almost eight percent of the total DNA in human cells.
Steroid 21-hydroxylase is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYP21A2 gene. The protein is an enzyme that hydroxylates steroids at the C21 position on the molecule. Naming conventions for enzymes are based on the substrate acted upon and the chemical process performed. Biochemically, this enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the adrenal gland hormones aldosterone and cortisol, which are important in blood pressure regulation, sodium homeostasis and blood sugar control. The enzyme converts progesterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone into 11-deoxycorticosterone and 11-deoxycortisol, respectively, within metabolic pathways which in humans ultimately lead to aldosterone and cortisol creation—deficiency in the enzyme may cause congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
Nuclear receptor coactivator 4, also known as Androgen Receptor Activator (ARA70), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCOA4 gene. It plays an important role in ferritinophagy, acting as a cargo receptor, binding to the ferritin heavy chain and latching on to ATG8 on the surface of the autophagosome.
Ferritin light chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FTL gene. Ferritin is the major protein responsible for storing intracellular iron in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It is a heteropolymer consisting of 24 subunits, heavy and light ferritin chains. This gene has multiple pseudogenes.
60S ribosomal protein L40 (RPL40) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UBA52 gene.
Hemoglobin subunit zeta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HBZ gene.
Immunoglobulin heavy locus, also known as IGH, is a region on human chromosome 14 that contains a gene for the heavy chains of human antibodies.
Ig gamma-2 chain C region is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGHG2 gene.
60S ribosomal protein L32 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL32 gene.
Ig alpha-2 chain C region is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGHA2 gene.
Immunoglobulin lambda locus, also known as IGL@, is a region on the q arm of human chromosome 22, region 11.22 (22q11.22) that contains genes for the lambda light chains of antibodies.
Dynein axonemal heavy chain 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DNAH5 gene.
Gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 (GGT1), also known as CD224, is a human gene.
Ferritin heavy chain is a ferroxidase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FTH1 gene. FTH1 gene is located on chromosome 11, and its mutation causes Hemochromatosis type 5.
CYP2U1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYP2U1 gene
Mitochondrial ferritin is a ferroxidase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FTMT gene.
Ferritin, heavy polypeptide 1 pseudogene 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FTH1P5 gene.
References
- ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: Ferritin heavy chain 1 pseudogene 3" . Retrieved 2018-03-15.
