The January Uprising was an insurrection principally in Russia's Kingdom of Poland that was aimed at the restoration of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It began on 22 January 1863 and continued until the last insurgents were captured by the Russian forces in 1864.
The 1846 Wielkopolska uprising was a planned military insurrection by Poles in the land of Greater Poland against the Prussian forces, designed to be part of a general Polish uprising in all three partitions of Poland, against the Russians, Austrians and Prussians.
The Greater Poland uprising of 1848 or Poznań Uprising was an unsuccessful military insurrection of Poles against forces of the Kingdom of Prussia, during the Revolutions of 1848. The main fighting in the Prussian Partition of Poland was concentrated in the Greater Poland region but some fighting also occurred in Pomerelia. In addition, protests were also held in Polish inhabited regions of Silesia.
Ludwik Adam Mierosławski was a Polish general, writer, poet, historian and political activist. Mierosławski took part in the November Uprising of the 1830s, and after its failure he emigrated to France, where he taught Slavic history and military theory. Chosen as a commander for the Greater Poland Uprising of 1846, he was taken prisoner early but amnestied during the Spring of Nations. In 1848 and 1849 he fought for the insurgents in Baden and in the Electorate of the Palatinate. Afterwards he returned to France; he also had contacts with Italian activists like Giuseppe Garibaldi. He also took part in the January Uprising in the 1860s, as the first of four dictators of the Uprising.
Nowa Wieś is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piotrków Kujawski, within Radziejów County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in central Poland.
Sokołowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Września, within Września County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) north-west of Września and 45 km (28 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.
Battle of Krzykawka was a military engagement that took place during the January Uprising on May 5, 1863, between Russian forces and Polish insurgents and foreign volunteers allied with them. It took place close to the village of Krzykawka near Olkusz. The Polish forces were led by general Józef Miniewski and included the Italian Garibaldi Legion under the command of Francesco Nullo. The outcome of the engagement was a victory for the Russian forces.
The 4th Line Infantry Regiment was a regiment of the Kingdom of Poland. Formed in 1815, the regiment distinguished itself in the battles of the November Uprising and remains one of the best-known units of the Polish Army of the era. The soldiers of the regiment are known in Polish historical works as the Czwartacy.
The Battle of Krzywosądz was one of the battles of the January Uprising. It took place in the village of Krzywosądz, Congress Poland, on 19 February 1863, when a poorly armed party of 500 Polish insurgents, under Ludwik Mierosławski, clashed with a 1,000 strong unit of the Imperial Russian Army.
The Battle of Dobra took place on February 24, 1863 near the village of Dobra, Russian-controlled Congress Poland. It was one of many skirmishes of the January Uprising, the anti-Russian rebellion of Poles.
The Second Battle of Nowa Wies was a skirmish of the January Uprising in the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth against the Russian Empire on 26 April 1863. It took place near the village of Nowa Wies, which at that time belonged to Russian-controlled Congress Poland. A thousand Polish insurgents under Frenchman Leon Young de Blankenheim were victorious over some seven hundred soldiers of the Imperial Russian Army.
The Battle of Pyzdry, one of many skirmishes of the January Uprising, took place on April 29, 1863, near the town of Pyzdry, which at that time belonged to Russian-controlled Congress Poland. 1,200 Polish insurgents under Edmund Taczanowski and Alojzy Oranowski clashed here with 1,500 soldiers of the Imperial Russian Army. The battle ended in Polish victory.
The Battle of Kobylanka, one of many skirmishes of the January Uprising, took place on May 1 and May 6, 1863, in the Kobylanka Forest, located near the village of Borowiec, which at that time belonged to Russian-controlled Congress Poland. A Polish insurgent party of some 800, under Antoni Jezioranski, clashed here with a 1000-strong unit of the Imperial Russian Army.
The Battle of Horki was a series of three clashes between Polish-Lithuanian insurgent forces and units of the Imperial Russian Army during the January Uprising. It took place between 17 and 25 May 1863 in the village of Horki near Kobryn, Russian Empire. Insurgent forces were commanded by Romuald Traugutt.
The Battle of Ossa, one of many clashes of the January Uprising, took place on July 10, 1863, near the village of Ossa, which at that time belonged to Russian-controlled Congress Poland. An insurgent unit under Ludwik Żychliński clashed with a detachment of the Imperial Russian Army.
The Battle of Mełchów, one of many clashes of the January Uprising, took place on September 30, 1863, in the village of Mełchów, which at that time belonged to the Russian-controlled Congress Poland. A party of 800 Polish insurgents, commanded by Zygmunt Chmieleński, clashed with soldiers of the Imperial Russian Army. Russian losses were estimated at approximately 100 killed, while Polish losses totaled 70 killed and wounded.
The Second Battle of Opatów, one of many clashes of the January Uprising, took place on 21 February 1864 near the town of Opatów, which at that time belonged to Russian-controlled Congress Poland. A party of some 1,000 Polish insurgents, commanded by Ludwik Zwierzdowski and Apolinary Kurowski, tried to capture the town, which was defended by an 800-strong garrison of the Imperial Russian Army. The battle ended in Russian victory; Russian losses were estimated at app. 50 killed, while Poles lost 50 killed and 62 wounded.
The Battle of Miloslaw, which was the largest battle of the Greater Poland Uprising (1848), took place on April 30, 1848, near the town of Miloslaw, which at that time belonged to the Grand Duchy of Posen, Kingdom of Prussia. Polish rebel forces under Ludwik Mieroslawski clashed with Prussian Army unit of General Blumen. Enjoying numerical superiority, the Poles won the battle.
The National Civil Government was the short-lived supreme authority of the Polish rebel state during the January Uprising. It existed from 12 March to 21 March 1863, temporarily replacing the Provisional National Government. It functioned alongside the Dictator Executive Commission in Warsaw, both de jure under the rule of dictator Marian Langiewicz.
The Dictator Executive Commission in Warsaw was the short-lived supreme authority of the Polish rebel state during the January Uprising, that administrated the territories remaining under the control of the enemy forces. It existed from 12 March to 21 March 1863, temporarily replacing the Provisional National Government. It functioned alongside the National Civil Government, both de jure under the rule of dictator Marian Langiewicz. Its seat was located in the city of Warsaw.
