The Battle of Kobylanka, one of many skirmishes of the January Uprising, took place on 1 and 6 May 1863 in the Kobylanka Forest, located near the village of Borowiec, which at that time belonged to Russian-controlled Congress Poland. A Polish insurgent party of some 800, under Antoni Jezioranski, clashed here with a 1000-strong unit of the Imperial Russian Army.
On 28 April an insurgent party from Galicia, commanded by General Jasinski crossed Austrian/Russian border near the village of Ruda Rozaniecka. Russian Army Colonel Georgi Mednikov, who was military commandant of Janow Lubelski County, decided to send a detachment towards Ruda. Altogether, the Russian unit consisted of 1000 soldiers, including infantry, uhlans, Cossacks, border guards and two cannons.
On 1 May the Russians, led by Major Ivan Sternberg, attacked Jasinski and his men. The insurgents were well-armed, but did not have enough ammunition. Russian attack was halted by the Poles, and Sternberg ordered a retreat to Borowe Mlyny. There, his forces were strengthened with four infantry companies and other units, and as a result, Russian detachment had 2000 soldiers. Jezioranski also reinforced his party, with two cavalry battalions and rebels from the unit of Marcin Borelowski. Nevertheless, the Russians still had a 3 to 1 advantage.
On 6 May the Russians attacked insurgent camp, pushing the insurgents towards its center. After a fierce battle, in which Poles used bayonets, the Russians were pushed back by the afternoon. Altogether, Poles lost 150 men (killed and wounded). Among those killed were Jezioranski himself. Russians losses are unknown, but include at least two combat unicorns. Colonel Mednikov later reported 150 killed, but this number was probably much higher.
Operation Tempest was a series of uprisings conducted during World War II against occupying German forces by the Polish Home Army, the dominant force in the Polish resistance.
Battle of Zadwórze took place during the Polish-Soviet War. It was fought on 17 August 1920, near the railway station of Zadwórze, a small village located 33 kilometres from the city centre of Lwów. The battle, lasting roughly 24 hours, resulted in the complete destruction of the Polish forces but at the same time halted the Soviet advance, preventing the forces of Siemion Budionnyi from seizing Lwów and so contributing to the successful defence of Warsaw. The battle has been called a Polish Thermopylae.
The Battle of Komarów, or the Zamość Ring, was one of the most important battles of the Polish-Soviet War. It took place between 20 August and 2 September 1920, near the village of Komarowo near Zamość. It was the last large battle in Europe in which cavalry was used as such and not as mounted infantry.
The Manchukuo Imperial Army was the ground force of the military of the Manchukuo, a puppet state established by Imperial Japan in Manchuria, a region of northeastern China. The force was primarily used for fighting against Communist and Nationalist guerrillas in Manchukuo but also took part in battle against the Soviet Red Army on several occasions. It initially consisted of former National Revolutionary Army troops of the "Young Marshal" Zhang Xueliang who were recruited after the Japanese invasion of Manchuria en masse, but eventually expanded to include new volunteers and conscripts. The Imperial Army increased in size from about 111,000 troops in 1933 to an estimated strength of between 170,000 and 220,000 soldiers at its peak in 1945, being composed of Han Chinese, Manchus, Mongols, Koreans, Japanese, and White Russians. Throughout its existence the majority of its troops were considered to be mostly unreliable by their Japanese officers and advisers, due to poor training and low morale.
The Battle of Panasówka, which took place on September 3, 1863, near the village of Panasówka, was one of the largest battles of the January Uprising. A unit of Polish insurgents of some 1,200 defeated here a Russian army detachment. The Poles were supported by some 40 Hungarian volunteers under Count Edward Nyáry, who himself was wounded and died.
The Battle of Szydłowiec took place in the night of 22–23 January 1863, during the January Uprising. It began when Polish insurgents under Captain August Jasiński and Colonel Marian Langiewicz attacked the town of Szydłowiec, where a garrison of the Imperial Russian Army stayed.
The Battle of Sosnowiec was one of battles of the January Uprising. It took place in the night of 6–7 February 1863, between Polish insurgents under Colonel Apolinary Kurowski, and the Imperial Russian Army garrison stationed in the town of Sosnowiec, in the Russian-ruled territory known officially as the ‘Kingdom of Poland’, otherwise Congress Poland.
The Battle of Krzywosądz was one of the battles of the January Uprising. It took place in the village of Krzywosądz, Congress Poland, on 19 February 1863, when a poorly armed party of 500 Polish insurgents, under Ludwik Mierosławski, clashed with a 1,000 strong unit of the Imperial Russian Army.
The Battle of Dobra took place on February 24, 1863 near the village of Dobra, Russian-controlled Congress Poland. It was one of many skirmishes of the January Uprising, the anti-Russian rebellion of Poles.
The Battle of Skala, one of many skirmishes of the January Uprising, took place on 5 March 1863 near the town of Skała in the southwestern corner of Russian-controlled Congress Poland. A party of 1,500 Polish insurgents commanded by Marian Langiewicz and Antoni Jezioranski, heading towards the border with Austrian Galicia, clashed with a 400-strong unit of the Imperial Russian Army. The Poles, who had a numerical superiority, managed to defeat the enemy.
The Battle of Chroberz, one of many skirmishes of the January Uprising, took place on March 17, 1863, near the village of Chroberz in southwestern corner of Russian-controlled Congress Poland. A party of 3000 Polish insurgents commanded by Marian Langiewicz, clashed with units of the Imperial Russian Army. The Poles managed to defeat the enemy, with heavy losses on both sides.
The Battle of Salicha was a clash between Polish insurgent forces and units of the Imperial Russian Army during the January Uprising. It took place on May 26, 1863 near the village of Salicha (Salikha), Russian Empire. Insurgent forces were commanded by Edmund Różycki, and the battle ended in Polish victory.
The First Battle of Chruślina was a clash between Polish insurgent forces and units of the Imperial Russian Army during the January Uprising. It took place on 30 May 1863 near the village of Chruślina, which at that time belonged to Russian-controlled Congress Poland. Insurgent forces, commanded by Marcin Borelowski and Zygmunt Koskowski fought off a Russian detachment. The Poles lost 22 men; Russian losses were higher, but due to Russian numerical superiority, the insurgents had to withdraw towards Garwolin.
The Battle of Komorów, one of many clashes of the January Uprising, took place on 20 June 1863 near the village of Komorów, which at that time belonged to Russian-controlled Congress Poland. An insurgent unit under Zygmunt Jordan clashed with a detachment of the Imperial Russian Army. The battle ended in Russian victory.
The Second Battle of Chruślina, one of many clashes of the January Uprising, took place on August 4, 1863, near the village of Chruślina, which at that time belonged to Russian-controlled Congress Poland. An insurgent unit of 1,400 infantry and 200 cavalry under Michał Heydenreich clashed with a 1,300-strong detachment of the Imperial Russian Army. The battle ended in Polish victory, with Polish losses estimated at 2 dead and 30 wounded.
The Battle of Fajslawice, one of many clashes of the January Uprising, took place on August 24, 1863, near the village of Fajsławice, which at that time belonged to Russian-controlled Congress Poland. A party of 1,500 Polish insurgents, commanded by Michał Heydenreich, clashed with 2,500 soldiers of the Imperial Russian Army’s Mounted Artillery Division under Colonel Grigoriy Emanov. The battle, which was one of the bloodiest clashes of the uprising, resulted in Russian victory. The insurgents lost 320 killed, 650 captured and 40 wounded, while Russian losses were app. 40 wounded and unknown number killed.
The Battle of Mełchów, one of many clashes of the January Uprising, took place on September 30, 1863, in the village of Mełchów, which at that time belonged to the Russian-controlled Congress Poland. A party of 800 Polish insurgents, commanded by Zygmunt Chmieleński, clashed with soldiers of the Imperial Russian Army. Russian losses were estimated at approximately 100 killed, while Polish losses totaled 70 killed and wounded.
The Battle of Rybnica, one of many clashes of the January Uprising, took place on October 20, 1863, near the village of Rybnica, which at that time belonged to Russian-controlled Congress Poland. A party of 650 Polish insurgents, commanded by Dionizy Czachowski, clashed with a 500-strong detachment of the Imperial Russian Army. The clash ended in rebel victory; Russian losses were estimated at app. 50–60 killed, while Poles lost 27 killed and 30 wounded.
The Battle of Iłża, one of many clashes of the January Uprising, took place on January 17, 1864, near the town of Iłża, which at that time belonged to Russian-controlled Congress Poland. A party of 830 Polish rebels, commanded by Karol Kalita, clashed with a 400-strong detachment of the Imperial Russian Army. Poles lost 5 men, while Russian losses were much higher.
The Battle of Gdow took place on February 26, 1846, near Gdow, in the Free City of Krakow. It was the only significant battle of the Krakow Uprising. A rebel unit of 380 men, commanded by Jakub Suchorzewski, was defeated by a 480-strong Austrian Army detachment led by Ludwig von Benedek. The Austrians were supported by approximately 500 local peasants. Rebel losses were estimated at 154 killed, while Austrian losses were minimal.
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