Floods in Chad occur annually due to heavy seasonal rainfall between May and October. [1] [2] [3] Rivers such as the Chari and Logone overflow, leading to surface runoff in low-lying areas. [4] [5] [6] The country's drainage infrastructure and flat topography lead to flood risk, particularly in urban and agricultural regions. [7] [8] According to the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), the 2022 floods affected approximately 1.06 million people across 18 of Chad’s 23 provinces, displaced around 139,000 individuals, and damaged over 465,000 hectares of cropland. [9] [10] Approximately 456 schools and 84 health centers were damaged. [11] The World Bank and other humanitarian agencies estimated economic losses from the 2022 floods at over USD 400 million. [12] Floods in 2020 and 2024 also caused displacement and infrastructure damage, indicating a pattern of frequent and severe flood events in Chad. [13] [11]