Fluoride phosphate

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The fluoride phosphates or phosphate fluorides are inorganic double salts that contain both fluoride and phosphate anions. In mineralogy, Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals groups these as 22.1. The Nickel-Strunz grouping is 8.BN.

Contents

Related mixed anion compounds are the chloride phosphates, the fluoride arsenates and fluoride vanadates.

They are distinct from the fluorophosphates: monofluorophosphate, difluorophosphate and hexafluorophosphate which have fluorine bonds to the phosphorus.

Minerals

nameformularatio

PO4:F

formula weightcrystal systemspace groupunit cellvolumedensityrefractive indexcommentreference
Althausite Mg4(PO4)2(OH,O)(F,☐)2:~1OrthorhombicPnmaa = 8.258 b = 6.054, c = 14.383719.062.97Biaxial (+) nα = 1.588 nβ = 1.592 nγ = 1.598

2V: measured: 70° , calculated: 80°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.010

 [1]
Amblygonite LiAl(PO4)F1:1TriclinicP1a = 6.644 b = 7.744 c = 6.91

α = 90.35°, β = 117.33°, γ = 91.01° Z=4

315.753.04-3.11Biaxial (-) nα = 1.577 - 1.591 nβ = 1.592 - 1.605 nγ = 1.596 - 1.613

2V: Measured: 107° to 129.5°

Birefringence: 0.020

 [2]
aravaite Ba2Ca18(SiO4)6(PO4)3(CO3)F3O3:3trigonalR3ma = 7.1255, c = 66.290 Z=32914.8 [3]
Arctite Na2Ca4(PO4)3F3:1TrigonalR3ma = 7.078 c = 41.203 Z=61,787.643.13Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.578 nε = 1.577 Birefringence: 0.001 [4]
Ariegilatite BaCa12(SiO4)4(PO4)2F2OTrigonalR3ma = 7.1551 c = 41.3031381.2Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.650 nε = 1.647

Max Birefringence: δ = 0.003

 [5]
Babefphite BaBePO4(F,OH)1:~1TetragonalUniaxial (+) nω = 1.629 nε = 1.632

Max birefringence: δ = 0.003

 [6]
Belovite-(Ce) NaCeSr3(PO4)3F3:1TrigonalP3a = 9.692 c = 7.201585.804.19Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.653 - 1.660 nε = 1.634 - 1.640

Birefringence: 0.015

 [7]
Belovite-(La) NaLaSr3(PO4)3F3:1TrigonalP3a = 9.647 c = 7.17577.884.19Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.653 nε = 1.635 - 1.636

Max birefringence: δ = 0.018

 [8]
Bøggildite Na2Sr2Al2PO4F91:9MonoclinicBiaxial (+) nα = 1.462 nβ = 1.466 nγ = 1.469

2V: 80° Max birefringence:δ = 0.007

 [9]
Carlgieseckeite-(Nd) NaNdCa3(PO4)3FTrigonalP3a = 9.4553 c = 6.9825540.623.91 [10]
Cloncurryite Cu0.5(VO)0.5Al2(PO4)2F2 · 5H2O2:2MonoclinicP21/ba = 4.9573 b = 12.1824 c = 18.9749 β = 90.933° Z=41145.782.525Biaxial (-) nα = 1.548(2) nγ = 1.550(2)

2V: calculated: 56°

Max brefringence: δ = 0.002

 [11]
Deloneite (Na0.5REE0.25Ca0.25)(Ca0.75REE0.25)Sr1.5(CaNa0.25REE0.25)(PO4)3F0.5(OH)0.5TrigonalP3a = 9.51 c = 7.01 Z=2549.053.92Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.682 nε = 1.660

Max birefringence: δ = 0.022

 [12]
Fluellite Al2(PO4)F2(OH) · 7H2OOrthorhombicFddda = 11.22 b = 21.15 c = 8.542,0272.139 - 2.17Biaxial (+) nα = 1.473 - 1.490 nβ = 1.490 - 1.496 nγ = 1.506 - 1.511

Max birefringence: δ = 0.033

 [13]
Fluorapatite Ca5(PO4)3F3:1HexagonalP63/ma = 9.3973 c = 6.8782526.033.1-3.25Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.631 - 1.650 nε = 1.627 - 1.646

Birefringence: 0.004

 [14]
Fluorcaphite SrCaCa3(PO4)3F3:1HexagonalP63/ma = 9.485 c = 7.000 Z=2545.39Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.649 nε = 1.637

Max birefringence: δ = 0.012

 [15]
Fluorphosphohedyphane Ca2Pb3(PO4)3F3:1HexagonalP63/ma = 9.640, c = 7.012 Z=2564.45.445Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.836 nε = 1.824

Max birefringence: δ = 0.012

 [16]
Fluorstrophite SrCaSr3(PO4)3F3:1HexagonalP63/ma = 9.565 c = 7.115 Z=2563.74Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.651 nε = 1.637

Max birefringence: δ = 0.014

 [17]
Francolite
Herderite CaBe(PO4)FMonoclinica = 4.81, b = 7.7 c = 9.82 β = 90.1°363.73.02Biaxial (-) nα = 1.556 - 1.592 nβ = 1.578 - 1.610 nγ = 1.589 - 1.620

2V: calculated: 70°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.033

 [18]
Iangreyite Ca2Al7(PO4)2(PO3OH)2(OH,F)15 · 8H2O4:~15TrigonalP3 2 1a = 6.988 c = 16.707706.5 [19]
Isokite CaMg(PO4)FMonoclinicB2/ba = 6.52 b = 8.75 c = 7.51 β = 121.47°365.43.15-3.27Biaxial (+) nα = 1.590 nβ = 1.595 nγ = 1.615

2V: ,easured: 51°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.025

 [20]
KingiteAl3(PO4)2F2(OH) · 7H2O2:2Triclinica = 9.15 b = 10 c = 7.24

α = 98.6°, β = 93.6°, γ = 93.2°

Biaxial [21]
Kuannersuite-(Ce) NaCeBa3(PO4)3F0.5Cl0.56:1TrigonalP3a = 9.909 c = 7.402629.424.51 [22]
Lacroixite NaAl(PO4)F1:1MonoclinicB2/ba = 6.414 b = 8.207 c = 6.885 β = 115.47°327.203.126 - 3.29Biaxial (-) nα = 1.546 nβ = 1.563 nγ = 1.580

2V: measured: 89°

Birefringence: 0.034

 [23]
Mcauslanite Fe3Al2(PO4)3(PO3OH)F · 18H2O4:1Triclinica = 10.05 b = 11.56 c = 6.88

α = 105.84°, β = 93.66°, γ = 106.47°

728.7Biaxial (-) nα = 1.522 nβ = 1.531 nγ = 1.534

2V: measured: 55° to 59.7°, calculated: 58°

Max birefringence:δ = 0.012

 [24]
Minyulite KAl2(PO4)2(OH,F) · 4H2O2:~1OrthorhombicPba2a = 9.34 b = 9.74 c = 5.525022.47Biaxial (+) nα = 1.531 nβ = 1.534 nγ = 1.538

2V: measured: 70° , calculated: 82°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.007

 [25]
Miyahisaite (Sr,Ca)2Ba3(PO4)3F3:1HexagonalP63/ma = 9.921, c = 7.469 Z=2636.74.511 [26]
Morinite NaCa2Al2(PO4)2(OH)F4 · 2H2O2:4Monoclinic2.94Biaxial (-) nα = 1.551 nβ = 1.563 nγ = 1.565

2V: measured: 43° , calculated: 44°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.014

 [27]
Nacaphite Na2Ca(PO4)FMonoclinicP21/ba = 13.318 b = 7.0964 c = 10.6490 β = 113.526° Z=8922.81Biaxial (-) nα = 1.508 nβ = 1.515 nγ = 1.520

2V: 80° Max birefringence: δ = 0.012

 [28]
natrophosphate Na7(PO4)2F.19H2O2:1IsometricFd3ca = 27.79 Z=5621,461.781,71-1.72Isotropic [29] [30]
Nefedovite Na5Ca4(PO4)4F4:1Triclinica = 5.4 Å, b = 11.64 Å, c = 16.48 Å

α = 134.99°, β = 90.04°, γ = 89.96°

732.60Biaxial (+) nα = 1.571 nγ = 1.590

Max birefringence: δ = 0.019

 [31]
Nevadaite (Cu2+,Al,V3+)6Al8(PO4)8F8(OH)2 · 22H2O8:8OrthorhombicP21mna = 12.123 b = 18.999 c = 4.9612.54Biaxial (-) nα = 1.540 nβ = 1.548 nγ = 1.553

2V: measured: 76°, calculated: 76°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.013

 [32]
Panasqueiraite CaMg(PO4)(OH,F)1:~1monoclinica = 6.53 b = 8.75 c = 6.91 β = 112.33°365.23.27Biaxial (+) nα = 1.590 nβ = 1.596 nγ = 1.616

2V: measured: 51° , calculated: 58°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.026

 [33]
Richellite CaFe3+2(PO4)2(OH,F)22:~2a = 5.18 c = 12.61 [34]
Stronadelphite Sr5(PO4)3F3:1HexagonalP63/ma = 9.845 c = 7.383619.72Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.630(1) nε = 1.623(1)

Max birefringence: δ = 0.007

 [35]
Triplite Mn2+2(PO4)F1:1MonoclinicP21/ba = 11.9 b = 6.52 c = 10.09 β = 105.62°758.43.9Biaxial (+) nα = 1.650 nβ = 1.660 nγ = 1.680

2V: measured: 70° to 90°, calculated: 72°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.030

 [36]
Väyrynenite Mn2+Be(PO4)(OH,F)1:~1MonoclinicP21/ba = 5.411 b = 14.49 c = 4.73 β = 102.75°361.713.22Biaxial (-) nα = 1.638 - 1.640 nβ = 1.658 - 1.662 nγ = 1.664 - 1.667

2V: measured: 46° to 55°, Calculated: 51° to 57°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.026 - 0.027

 [37]
Viitaniemiite Na(Ca,Mn2+)Al(PO4)(F,OH)31:~3Monoclinica = 6.83 b = 7.14 c = 5.44 β = 109.37°250.27Biaxial (-) nα = 1.557 nβ = 1.565 nγ = 1.571

2V: measured: 81° , calculated: 80°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.014

 [38]
Wagnerite (Mg,Fe2+)2(PO4)F1:1MonoclinicP21/ba = 9.645 b = 31.659 c = 11.914 β = 108.26(3)°3454.83.15Biaxial (+) nα = 1.568 nβ = 1.572 nγ = 1.582

2V: Measured: 25° to 35°

? Birefringence:0.046

Max birefringence: δ = 0.015

 [39]
Wavellite Al3(PO4)2(OH,F)3 · 5H2O2:~3Orthorhombica = 9.621 b = 17.363 c = 6.9941168.32.36Biaxial (+) nα = 1.518 - 1.535 nβ = 1.524 - 1.543 nγ = 1.544 - 1.561

2V: measured: 60° to 72°, calculated: 60° to 70°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.026

 [40]
Zwieselite Fe2+2(PO4)F1:1MonoclinicP21/b753.82Biaxial (+) nα = 1.686 - 1.696 nβ = 1.690 - 1.704 nγ = 1.703 - 1.713

2V: measured: 58° , calculated: 60°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.017

 [41]
Na5-4.5PO4(CO3,F,Cl)1:~1 [29]

Artificial

nameformulaformula weightcrystal systemspace groupunit cell Åvolumedensityrefractive indexcommentreference
EMM-9; 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine fluoroaluminophosphate(DMAP)2Al4P4O17F2•H2OmonoclinicP21/aa=14.335 b=13.561 c=14.497 β =101.094°layered [42]
KBPO4FmonoclinicCc [43]
Iron-Doped Sodium–Vanadium FluorophosphateNa3V2–yO2–yFey(PO4)2F1+y (y < 0.3)tetrahedralP42/mnma=9.0277 c=10.6259866.0 [44]
Na3V2O1.6(PO4)2F1.4 [44]
Na3V2(PO4)2F3 [45]
Na2MnPO4F [46]
αNa2FePO4FmonoclinicP21/ca = 13.675, b = 5.2503, c = 13.7202, β = 120.230° [46]
βNa2FePO4Forthorhombic [46]
RbBPO4F210.25cubicP213a=7.5901 Z=4437.263.194colourless [43]
MIL-145RbGa3(PO4)2(HPO4)F4·C5N2H16·2H2O3187.11monoclinicP2a=14.4314 b=9.1152 c=16.7889 β = 112.708 Z=12037.302.598colourless [47]
K2SnPO4F3348.86monoclinicP21/ca=10.039 b=9.415 c=21.602 beta=95.464 Z=122032.63.420colourless [48]
K6Sn(P2O7)2F2739.17monoclinicP21/ca=8.515 b=12.400 c=8.403 beta=99.58 Z=29874.82.806colourless [48]
K2Sb(P2O7)FtetragonalP4bma=8.5239 c=5.572 Z=2404.83.223colourless SHG 4.0×KDP [49]
CsBPO4FcubicP213a=7.7090 Z=4458.143.736colourless [43]
Na2PrF2(PO4)cubic [50]
Na2NdF2(PO4)cubic [50]
Na2SmF2(PO4)cubic [50]
Na2EuF2(PO4)cubic [50]
Na2TbF2(PO4)cubic [50]
Na2PrF2(PO4)cubic [50]
Sr4Gd3Na3(PO4)6F2 [51]
PbZn(PO4)F386.53orthorhombicPna21a=8.985 b=9.381 c=4.8212 Z=4406.46.318colourless [52]

References

  1. ↑ "Althausite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  2. ↑ "Amblygonite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  3. ↑ Krüger, Biljana; Krüger, Hannes; Galuskin, Evgeny V.; Galuskina, Irina O.; Vapnik, Yevgeny; Olieric, Vincent; Pauluhn, Anuschka (2018-12-01). "Aravaite, Ba 2 Ca 18 (SiO 4 ) 6 (PO 4 ) 3 (CO 3 )F 3 O: modular structure and disorder of a new mineral with single and triple antiperovskite layers". Acta Crystallographica Section B. 74 (6): 492–501. Bibcode:2018AcCrB..74..492K. doi:10.1107/S2052520618012271. ISSN   2052-5206. S2CID   104301273.
  4. ↑ "Arctite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  5. ↑ "Ariegilatite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  6. ↑ "Babefphite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  7. ↑ "Belovite-(Ce): Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  8. ↑ "Belovite-(La): Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  9. ↑ "Bøggildite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  10. ↑ "Carlgieseckeite-(Nd): Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  11. ↑ "Cloncurryite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
  12. ↑ "Deloneite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  13. ↑ "Fluellite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  14. ↑ "Fluorapatite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  15. ↑ "Fluorcaphite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  16. ↑ "Fluorphosphohedyphane: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  17. ↑ "Fluorstrophite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  18. ↑ "Herderite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  19. ↑ "Iangreyite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  20. ↑ "Isokite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  21. ↑ "Kingite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
  22. ↑ "Kuannersuite-(Ce): Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  23. ↑ "Lacroixite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  24. ↑ "Mcauslanite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  25. ↑ "Minyulite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  26. ↑ "Miyahisaite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  27. ↑ "Morinite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  28. ↑ "Nacaphite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  29. 1 2 Mitchell, R. H. (5 July 2018). "An ephemeral pentasodium phosphate carbonate from natrocarbonatite lapilli, Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania". Mineralogical Magazine. 70 (2): 211–218. doi:10.1180/0026461067020326. S2CID   140140550.
  30. ↑ "Natrophosphate: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  31. ↑ "Nefedovite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  32. ↑ "Nevadaite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
  33. ↑ "Panasqueiraite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  34. ↑ "Richellite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  35. ↑ "Stronadelphite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  36. ↑ "Triplite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  37. ↑ "Väyrynenite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  38. ↑ "Viitaniemiite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  39. ↑ "Wagnerite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  40. ↑ "Wavellite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
  41. ↑ "Zwieselite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  42. ↑ Guo, Peng; Afeworki, Mobae; Cao, Guang; Yun, Yifeng; Sun, Junliang; Su, Jie; Wan, Wei; Zou, Xiaodong (2018-09-17). "Synthesis and Structure of a Layered Fluoroaluminophosphate and Its Transformation to a Three-Dimensional Zeotype Framework" . Inorganic Chemistry. 57 (18): 11753–11760. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01890. ISSN   0020-1669. PMID   30156401.
  43. 1 2 3 Ding, Qingran; Zhao, Sangen; Li, Lina; Shen, Yaoguo; Shan, Pai; Wu, Zhenyue; Li, Xianfeng; Li, Yanqiang; Liu, Shuai; Luo, Junhua (2019-02-04). "Abrupt Structural Transformation in Asymmetric ABPO 4 F (A = K, Rb, Cs)" . Inorganic Chemistry. 58 (3): 1733–1737. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02754. ISSN   0020-1669. PMID   30652880.
  44. 1 2 Palomares, Verónica; Iturrondobeitia, Amaia; Sanchez-Fontecoba, Paula; Goonetilleke, Damian; Sharma, Neeraj; Lezama, Luis; Rojo, Teófilo (16 December 2019). "Iron-Doped Sodium–Vanadium Fluorophosphates: Na3V2–yO2–yFey(PO4)2F1+y (y < 0.3)". Inorganic Chemistry. 59 (1): 854–862. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03111. PMID   31840984. S2CID   209384135.
  45. ↑ Semykina, Daria O.; Sharafutdinov, Marat R.; Kosova, Nina V. (2022-06-24). "Understanding of the Mechanism and Kinetics of the Fast Solid-State Reaction between NaF and VPO 4 to Form Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F 3" . Inorganic Chemistry. 61 (26): 10023–10035. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00951. ISSN   0020-1669. PMID   35748412. S2CID   249989441.
  46. 1 2 3 Kirsanova, Maria A.; Akmaev, Alexey S.; Aksyonov, Dmitry A.; Ryazantsev, Sergey V.; Nikitina, Victoria A.; Filimonov, Dmitry S.; Avdeev, Maxim; Abakumov, Artem M. (2020-11-16). "Monoclinic α-Na 2 FePO 4 F with Strong Antisite Disorder and Enhanced Na + Diffusion" . Inorganic Chemistry. 59 (22): 16225–16237. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01961. ISSN   0020-1669. PMID   33137251. S2CID   226241204.
  47. ↑ Martineau, Charlotte; Loiseau, Thierry; Beitone, Lionel; Férey, Gérard; Bouchevreau, Boris; Taulelle, Francis (2013). "Single-crystal XRD and solid-state NMR structural resolution of a layered fluorinated gallium phosphate: RbGa 3 (PO 4 ) 2 (HPO 4 )F 4 ·C 5 N 2 H 16 ·2H 2 O (MIL-145)" . Dalton Trans. 42 (2): 422–431. doi:10.1039/C2DT31464A. ISSN   1477-9226. PMID   23069866.
  48. 1 2 Hu, Shuaishuai; Su, Zhi (2019). "Two new tin( iv )-containing phosphate fluorides with two types of Sn( iv )–P–O–F frameworks and short cutoff edges" . New Journal of Chemistry. 43 (41): 16127–16130. doi:10.1039/C9NJ04424H. ISSN   1144-0546. S2CID   203137437.
  49. ↑ Deng, Yalan; Huang, Ling; Dong, Xuehua; Wang, Lei; Ok, Kang Min; Zeng, Hongmei; Lin, Zhien; Zou, Guohong (2020-11-16). "K 2 Sb(P 2 O 7 )F: Cairo Pentagonal Layer with Bifunctional Genes Reveal Optical Performance" . Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 59 (47): 21151–21156. Bibcode:2020ACIE...5921151D. doi:10.1002/anie.202009441. ISSN   1433-7851. PMID   32745331. S2CID   250308476.
  50. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Zimina, G. V.; Smirnova, I. N.; Gorkovenko, M. Yu.; Spiridonov, F. M.; Komissarova, L. N.; Kaloev, N. I. (1995-02-21). "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Studies of Fluorophosphates of Rare Earth Elements Na2LnF2PO4" . ChemInform. 26 (8) chin.199508015. doi:10.1002/chin.199508015. ISSN   0931-7597.
  51. ↑ Tikale, Rahul V.; Kadam, Abhijeet R.; Dhoble, S. J. (2025-08-09). "Comprehensive photoluminescence analysis and Judd-Ofelt analysis of eu³⁺-Activated Sr₄Gd₃Na₃(PO₄)₆F₂ phosphor: theoretical elucidation from PL emission spectra for optimized red emission". Optical and Quantum Electronics. 57 (8). doi:10.1007/s11082-025-08407-6. ISSN   1572-817X.
  52. ↑ li, xiaobao; Hu, Chun-Li; Kong, Fang; Mao, Jiang-Gao (2023). "Structure and Optical Property Evolutions in PbM(PO4)X (M = Zn, Sn; X = halogen): SHG Effect and Birefringence". Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers. 10 (8): 2268–2275. doi: 10.1039/D3QI00230F . ISSN   2052-1553. S2CID   257419074.
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