Simplified Chinese characters are standardized Chinese characters prescribed in the Table of General Standard Chinese Characters for use in mainland China. Along with traditional Chinese characters, they are one of the two standard character sets of the contemporary Chinese written language. The government of the People's Republic of China in mainland China has promoted them for use in printing since the 1950s and 1960s to encourage literacy. They are officially used in the People's Republic of China and Singapore.
Traditional Chinese characters are Chinese characters in any character set that does not contain newly created characters or character substitutions performed after 1946. They are most commonly the characters in the standardized character sets of Taiwan, of Hong Kong and Macau, and in the Kangxi Dictionary. The modern shapes of traditional Chinese characters first appeared with the emergence of the clerical script during the Han Dynasty, and have been more or less stable since the 5th century.
Hanyu Pinyin, often abbreviated to pinyin, is the official romanization system for Standard Chinese in mainland China and to some extent in Taiwan. It is often used to teach Standard Mandarin Chinese, which is normally written using Chinese characters. The system includes four diacritics denoting tones. Pinyin without tone marks is used to spell Chinese names and words in languages written with the Latin alphabet, and also in certain computer input methods to enter Chinese characters.
Northern Expedition
In September, 1925, Ye Ting was appointed regimental commander of the Fourth Army. In May, 1926, the Fourth Army participated in the advance party of the Northern Expedition. Embarking from Zhaoqing (肇慶), Xinhui (新會), the Fourth Army pushed onwards towards the Hunan front against Northern warlord Wu Peifu. On June 5, 1926, the independent regiment attacks and occupies Youshen (攸縣城), Hunan (湖南). On July 20, 1926, the Fourth Army attacks and occupies Liuyang (瀏陽).
Wu Peifu or Wu P'ei-fu, was a major figure in the struggles between the warlords who dominated Republican China from 1916-27.
On December 25, 1937 the New Fourth Army was established in Hankou, which was named after the late Fourth Army.
The New Fourth Army was a unit of the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China established in 1937. In contrast to most of the National Revolutionary Army, it was controlled by the Communist Party of China and not by the ruling Kuomintang. The New Fourth Army and the Eighth Route Army were the two main communist forces from 1938. The New Fourth Army was active south of the Yangtze River, while the Eighth Route Army was based in Yan'an in the northwest.
Hankou(Chinese: t 漢口,s 汉口,p Hànkǒu), formerly romanized as Hankow (Hangkow), was one of the three towns whose merging formed modern-day Wuhan city, the capital of the Hubei province, China. It stands north of the Han and Yangtze Rivers where the Han flows into the Yangtze. Hankou is connected by bridges to its triplet sister towns Hanyang and Wuchang.
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The Nanchang Uprising was the first major Nationalist Party of China–Communist Party of China engagement of the Chinese Civil War, begun by the Communists to counter the Shanghai massacre of 1927 by the Kuomintang.
The Guangdong–Guangxi War, or the 1st and 2nd Yue-Gui Wars, occurred between the Chinese Revolutionary Party and the Old Guangxi Clique.
The Encirclement Campaign against the Hunan-Western Hubei Soviet was an encirclement campaign launched by the Chinese Nationalist Government that was intended to destroy the communist Hunan-Western Hubei Soviet and its Chinese Red Army in the local region. The Communists' responded by launching the Counter-Encirclement Campaign at Hunan-Western Hubei Soviet, also called by the communists as the Counter-Encirclement Campaign at Hunan – western Hubei Revolutionary Base, in which the Nationalist force defeated the local Chinese Red Army and overran the communist base in the southern Hubei and Hunan provinces from November 1930 to January 1931. Since the bulk of the fighting was fought at the second stage of the campaign, concentrated at the heart of the communist base, the Honghu region of Jingzhou, the campaign is therefore also frequently referred as the Fourth Encirclement Campaign against Honghu Soviet and the Fourth Counter-Encirclement Campaign at Honghu Revolutionary Base by the communists, or Fourth Counter-Encirclement Campaign at Honghu Soviet for short.
The New Fourth Army Memorial Hall, full name "New Fourth Army National Revolutionary Army military memorial reconstruction", (Chinese:新四军纪念馆) is located in the east of Jianjun Road, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China. It was advanced as a State AAAA-class tourist attractions on 18 May 2011. It is known as the only one professional New Fourth Army Memorial Hall in China. It was built in 1985 and was finished in September 1986. Its exhibition hall is a modern architecture. There is armband pattern 'N4A',which colors blue and white, above the main entrance of the hall. And in both sides of its flag-shaped carving, it is the reflection of the historical scene where New Fourth Army joined force with the Eighth Route Army and where New fourth Army was reconstructed after the incident in Anhui. New fourth Army Memorial Hall is the base for primary and national patroitic education. There are about 1000 pictures of anti-Japanese war, a lot of historical relics and some artistic works. There is a bike with the legendary trophy named 'Manzhou'(Chinese:满洲）. All its exhibition reflect the history of how New fourth Army together with common people fighting against the enemies in the war .
Something about New fourth Army:
New Fourth Army, full name 'China National Revolutionary Army Army New Fourth Army'(Chinese:中国国民革命军陆军新编第四军），is a people's army in the leadership of Communist Party of China for anti-Japanese War. It was established in KMT-CPC cooperation situation, by the Eighth Route Army gurrillas in Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Henan, Zhejiang, Anhui in 12, October in 1937. There is a special heritage in the New Fourth Army Memorial Hall—A bicycle. The owner of the bike, an 87-year-old female soldier named Li Chunhua, is still alive and she took a visit to her old comrade, the bike, after 24 years since 1986. She seized the bike from a Japanese soldier in 1943, Anti Japanese War. The bike and Li experienced many wars together and helped her to transfer the wounded, to transport supplies and to gather intelligence in the war. After the war, Li work and lived with it in 1986, Li donated it to The New Fourth Army Hall. There is a "man(满）" on the bike. It means the bike was produced by the puppet state of Manchukuo. So it was a clear evidence of the Japanese invasion of China. It has been treated very well up till now.
The Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, renamed Chinese People's Red Army in 1936, commonly known as the Chinese Red Army or simply the Red Army, was the armed forces of the Communist Party of China from 1928 to 1937. The Red Army was incorporated into the National Revolutionary Army as part of the Second United Front with the Kuomintang to fight against the Japanese during the Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937. In the later stages of the Chinese Civil War, they were eventually renamed the People's Liberation Army.
The former New Fourth Army Headquarters in Hankou located at No. 332-352, Shengli Street, Jiang'an District, Wuhan, China, was the seat of the first headquarter of the New Fourth Army. In the headquarters there were not only places to do office work and hold meetings, but also places to train recruits and deal with visitors. The site was renovated by Wuhan People's Government in 2005. On March 5, 2013, it was named a Major National Historical and Cultural Sites.
Chen Changhao (simplified Chinese: 陈昌浩; traditional Chinese: 陳昌浩; pinyin: Chén Chānghào; 18 September 1906 - 30 July 1967) was a member of the 28 Bolsheviks and an important military figure of Zhang Guotao's 4th Red Army from Hanyang, Wuhan. Chen had also been known as Cangmu.
Xu Jishen was a member of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. He was born in Lu'an, Anhui Province. In 1919, he participated in the May Fourth Movement. In 1920, he went to Anqing. In April 1921, he joined the Communist Youth League of China. In 1923, Xu left Anhui for Shanghai, enrolling in Shanghai University. In 1924, Xu entered the Whampoa Military Academy and joined the Communist Party of China. He quickly rose through the ranks from platoon commander to deputy company commander to company commander, ultimately rising to the rank of major. After the Zhongshan Warship Incident, he was made a battalion commander under Ye Ting. During his participation in the Northern Expedition, he was wounded due to the actions of Xia Douyin.
Lai Chuanzhu (simplified Chinese: 赖传珠; traditional Chinese: 賴傳珠; pinyin: Lài Chuánzhū) or Peng Ying (鹏英) was a general of the People's Liberation Army from Gan County, Jiangxi.
The 189th Division was created in January 1949 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on the 9th Brigade, 3rd Column of the Jinchaji Military Region. Its history can be traced to the 5th Military Sub-district of Jinchaji Military Region, formed in March 1940.
The 2nd Independent Division of Guangxi Military District(Chinese: 广西军区独立第2师) was formed in August 1966 from Public Security Contingent of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The division stationed in Nanning Guangxi.
The 146th Army Division (2nd Formation) formed in October 1968 in Hunan.
Lu Dongsheng who was born in Xiangtan County, Hunan Province, China was the Chinese commander of the pistol company of the headquarters of the Fourth Red Army, the battalion commander of the pistol group, the battalion commander of the guarding battalion of the Second Red Army, the commander of Regiment Twenty-Seven of Division Seven of the Third Red Army, the political commissioner of the Independent Division of Hu'nan and Hubei Area, the commander of the Fourth Division of the Second Red Army, the commander of Force 358 of the Division 120 of the Eighth Route Army and the commander of Songjiang Military Command of Northeast People Autonomous Army. After the Northern Expedition, Anti-Encirclement Campaigns, the Great Expedition, and studying in the Soviet Union, Lu was killed by two Soviet soldiers in Ha'erbing city in 1945.
Tao Yong was the Deputy Commander of the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN), also the Lieutenant General of the People's Liberation Army.
Wang Xinting was a general in the People's Liberation Army of the People's Republic of China from Hubei.
Liu Zhen , or Liu You'an (刘幼安), was a general in the Chinese People's Liberation Army.
He Bingyan was a general in the People's Liberation Army of the People's Republic of China from Hubei. He was known as the “one-armed General (独臂将军)” for his injuries suffered during the Long March.
The Wuhan nationalist government, also known as the Wuhan government, Wuhan regime, or Hankow government, was a left-wing nationalist government of China led first by Eugene Chen, and later by Wang Jingwei, that was based in Wuhan from 5 December 1926 to 21 September 1927. Following the capture of Wuhan during the Northern Expedition, the existing Kuomintang (KMT) government, which had been based in Guangzhou, moved there in December 1926. In April 1927, after National Revolutionary Army (NRA) commander-in-chief Chiang Kai-shek purged communists and leftists in the "Shanghai massacre", the Wuhan government split from Chiang in what is known as the "Nanjing–Wuhan split". Chiang subsequently formed his own government in Nanjing. While Chiang continued the Northern Expedition on his own, increasing tensions between communists and the KMT in the Wuhan government resulted in a new purge of communists from that government, and an eventual reconciliation with the Nanjing faction, after which the government moved to Nanjing.
The Commander of the People's Liberation Army Navy, is the title of the People's Liberation Army officer who serves as the commanding officer of the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF). The 12th and current, commander of the People's Liberation Army Air Force is Ding Laihang.
